surface computer 中文意思是什麼

With the development of computer technology and free - form surface modeling, body plan description on the computer has been converted into hull surface model simulation in which more information is included so that hydrostatic properties calculation can be carried out with hull information directly

隨著計算機技術與復雜曲面造型技術的發展，計算機上的船體型線的描述，目前已發展成為三維曲面乃至三維曲面實體表達。與線框圖相比，三維圖形中包含的信息更為豐富，實現了計算機上船體模型的模擬。

We fabricated a large computer - generated holography on a concave lens surface to test the convex secondary mirrors surface

在凹透鏡表面上製作出了用於凸非球面檢測的曲面全息圖。

Sequentially, the author discussed the technologies of medical image 3d visualization according to the clinical applications. with the development of computer, 3d visualization and computer graphics, the 3d visualization of medical images has progressed from fourier transform and convolve inverse projection to mpr ( multi - planar reformation, mpr ) and mtp ( maximum intensity projection, mtp ), nowadays, the real 3d reconstruction method, surface and volume rendering has risen. the image registering, image segmentation, pixel data set construction and 3d special interpolation are the key technologies in medical images 3d reconstruction

隨著計算機技術、三維可視化理論和計算機圖形學的發展，醫學圖像的三維可視化技術也從傅立葉變換、卷積反投影等基本圖像處理演算法，發展到真正的三維重建演算法：面繪制和體繪制；醫學圖像的三維可視化技術的應用也從三維醫學成像發展到虛擬內窺鏡，以及今天的虛擬可視化人體研究；而圖像的配準、圖像分割、體數據集的構建、三維空間插值則是醫學圖像三維可視化實現過程中的關鍵技術環節。

Polish or sand the exterior surface of stainless steel or aluminum discal ware products, which are in the shape of squareness, roundness and oblong. it adopts computer numerical control techniques to achieve polishing automatically

本機器主要用於不銹鋼器皿或鋁製品方形圓形橢圓形等盤狀器皿的外表面拋光或砂光，它採用cnc自動操作系統，數控編程自動加工完成拋光大大降低工人勞動強度，保證產品質量穩定性及拋光亮度一致性，提高生產效率。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

Methods ： fifty paired embalmed cadaveric humeri ( twenty - five pairs : fourteen from male donors and eleven from female donors ) were scanned in medial - lateral ( ml ) and anterior - posterior ( ap ) position according to the humeral retroversion by ct. images of the humeri in the transverse planes at the lowest border of neck ( lbn ), 20mm and 40mm distal of lbn ( lbn - 20 、 lbn - 40 ), isthmus, head - neck anterior - posterior ( hn - ap ) were obtained. sixty - one extracortical and intracortical parameters were measured exactly by image analytic computer software that included offset, head position, head - shaft angle, head to tuberosity height ( ht ), head thickness, curvature radius, articular surface arc ( sa ), neck diameter, isthmus position, proximal and distal border of isthmus, maximum coronal and sagittal diameter of medullary canal and thickness of cortical bone in four planes, including lbn, lbn - 20, lbn - 40 and isthmus

方法： 50根成對防腐肱骨（男14對，女11對）按肱骨頭扭轉角置於冠狀位和矢狀位，行肱骨全長，頭頸矢狀面，解剖頸下緣及其下20mm 、 40mm ，髓腔狹窄部四平面ct掃描，由ct軟體測量冠、矢狀位髓腔內外參數共61項，包括頭心?干軸距，頭位置，頭干角，頭?結節高度差，頭厚度，頭半徑，關節面張角，解剖頸直徑，髓腔狹窄部位置，解剖頸下緣及其下20mm 、 40mm和狹窄部四個平面髓腔的最大冠、矢狀徑，皮質骨厚度等。

Biomechanical changes of the prostheses for the surface hemi - arthroplasty of the hip in the treatment of femoral head avascularnecrosis by using computer - assisted einzel - bild - rontgen - analyse - femoral component analysis

法分析半髖表面置換治療股骨頭缺血性壞死假體生物力學變化

On the basis of the number and exact position of sensitive wave bands, the mechanisms of measuring surface colors by means of a computer with sensitive wave band method are established, which provides a rapid and effective method for measuring and controlling colors

摘要根據色度學理論尋求靈敏波長的個數和確切位置，從而建立靈敏波帶法計算機測色機制，為顏色測試和控制提供快速有效的方法。

In collaboration with the department of physicis and material science of the city university of hong kong and the electronic and engineering department of the chinese university, the faculty of medicine has conducted research on different aspects of computer - aided navigation such as brain shift prediction with finite element model, three - dimensional ultrasound based correction for brain shift, accuracy verification, robotic system, surface identification and matching

通過與香港城市大學物理及材料科學系及香港中文大學電子工程學系的協作，我們正發展電腦輔助的神經導航技術的多方面研究，例如，採用有限元模型預測腦偏移；除去腦偏移的誤差的立體超聲檢查技術；手術準確性的證實；腦表面區域的定位。

After studying a lot of documents of computer - graphics and computation of geometrical, based on nurbs, which is a pop expression to describe curve and surface, the author put forward a method ? ? to identify bad point by most excursion, to illustrate how to choose smooth base plane, which is not referred in most documents, and to introduce optimize method of operational research to combine surfaces, especially for surfaces combination with vertex, and improvement of combination effect

在解決多曲面有角點的拼接問題中引入了運籌學的優化方法，改善了多曲面拼接的效果，而且在ugii造型軟體的基礎上，用visualc + + 、 ug / openapi進行二次開發，加入了壞點剔除，曲線光順，曲面片之間的拼接等功能，很好的解決了反求工程中所遇到的問題。

In this paper, taking one of the special processes - chromic acids anodizing for example, such administration methods as the key points control and the quality performance administration system for surface treatment process have been setup by process analysis and key points seeking. as for the complicacy of the quality control on metallurgical special processes and the huge statistic data, the quality information system of surface treatment have been established on the bases of computer database. this paper brings out the systematic evaluation way to setup reception test items by taking the reception test results as evaluation basis and sampling statistics as rules

本文以鉻酸陽極氧化表面處理工藝為研究對象，通過工藝技術分析、尋找關鍵特性、建立對關鍵特性的控制等工作，研究建立了表面處理工藝動態質量管理系統；針對冶金特種工藝質量控制的復雜性及統計數據量大等特點，建立了以計算機數據庫管理為基礎的表面處理信息及處理系統；為解決冶金特種工藝原材料入廠復驗任務重的困難，建立了以原材料入廠復驗的試驗結果為評價基礎，以抽樣統計方法為依據的原材料入廠復驗項目優選系統等。

Besides, the growth of gasb expitaxy film was monitored by reflection high energy electron diffraction ( rheed ). the rheed images and intesity oscillation are collected by computer system. it showed that the gasb film prepared in 400 was amorphous and it became monocrystalline when the temperature rose to 500. atomic force microscope ( afm ) was applied to analyse the surface morphology of the films which were grown in diffrent growth rates or substrate temperature. the analysis were compared to simulation results. the experiment results indicated it was easy to form clusters when the rate of growth is high or

此外，本文通過反射式高能電子衍射（ rheed ）監測了gasb外延薄膜的生長，利用rheed強度振蕩的計算機採集系統實現了rheed圖像和rheed強度振蕩的實時監測。實驗發現在400生長的gasb薄膜為非晶態，溫度升高到500薄膜轉變為單晶。利用原子力顯微鏡對不同生長速率和襯底溫度生長的gasb薄膜的表面形貌進行觀察分析，並與模擬結果進行比較。

Chemical - mechanical - polishing ( cmp ) has been rapidly developing and finding extensive applications in the integrated circuit ( ic ) manufacturing industry for processing hard disk of computer and silicon wafer with super - smooth and flawless surface

集成電路（ ic ）製造工業中，化學機械拋光（ chemicalmechanicalpolishing ， cmp ）廣泛應用於計算機硬盤片、硅晶片超光滑無損傷表面的加工。

This paper is the summaries for drawing digital gravity map and surface _ color map with 1 : 200, 000 aims to introduce the mapping special method and processes by means of computer digital technique in gis system while making regional gravity map and geographic map base with 1 : 200, 000

本文是1 20萬數字重力圖及面色圖的編制工作總結，文中主要介紹了在製作1 20萬區域重力圖和地理底圖時，採用gis系統，由計算機數字制圖的具體方法和步驟。

Experimental results show that the new model is efficient and flexible. direct volume rendering has been done with the volume date that came from the 2d image series. finally we displayed the truly 3d image by the computer graphic technology of eliminating the hide surface and the light

對三維重建做了初步的研究，將二維mri圖像序列轉化為三維體數據，應用體繪制演算法實現了三維重構，並通過光照、隱藏面消除等計算機圖形學演算法實現真實感圖形顯示，從計算機屏幕上給出了形象逼真的人體腦部三維結構立體視圖。

According to the differential geometry theory, the principle curvatures and principle relative curvature of the spur gear and the fg in line contact and point contact, the tooth surface relative speed and the tooth contact interface are analyzed, whose distributing on the tooth surface are visualized by computer

在齒面的幾何特性研究中，利用微分幾何的原理分析了圓柱齒輪和面齒輪的齒面曲率、線接觸和點接觸面齒輪傳動的主誘導法曲率以及嚙合過程中齒面的相對速度和接觸區域計算問題，並獲得有益的結論。

Equations of mesh, shorting contact line, undercutting limit line, meshing limit lines and the existence conditions, angle between the direction of relative speed and the direction of contact line, induced normal curvature about every point on the contact line are established. moreover, the paper also theoretically analyzed the error of the grinded gear surface. on the basis of the theory, the computer program is worked out to automatically produce the contact line and the boundary curves of mesh. analysis of meshing circs under different parameters can be done so that we can gain the best process condition

首先對漸開面二次包絡理論進行了深入的探討，推導出了兩次嚙合的嚙合方程式、瞬時接觸線方程式、根切界限線方程式、嚙合界限線的方程式及其存在條件，相對運動速度方向與接觸線方向的夾角及接觸線上各點的誘導法曲率；此外，還對磨齒后工件的齒面誤差進行了理論分析；並在理論基礎上編制了相應的計算機程序，自動生成接觸線族及嚙合界限線，對不同參數條件下的嚙合情況進行分析，可以使工藝條件達到最佳狀態；最後研究了磨齒裝置，設計了磨齒機的傳動系統。

The thesis had done the theories analysis in detail and built the relevant mathematics models aiming at the mechanics characteristic about the lodging of stalk, the elastic and plastic deform of stalk under the action of the transverse loads, the mechanics condition which causes stalk pushed, the relation between the speed of unit and the surface radius of ski, the relevant location between the thickness of the compressed stalk and action location of load, the relevant location between the mating device and plough, the coefficient of overturning soil under the thickness of the compressed stalk and so on. in addition, the computer aided analysis and simulating experiments in field were acted by choice

本文對秸稈自倒伏力學特性；橫向載荷作用下的莖稈彈塑性變形與秸稈被推倒的力學條件；機組作業速度與滑撬曲面半徑的關系；秸稈壓實厚度與加載作用點的相對位置；配套裝置與犁體相對位置；秸稈壓實厚度下的翻垡系數等，進行了較詳細的理論分析並建立了相關數學模型。在此基礎上，本項研究還選擇性地進行了計算機輔助分析和田間模擬試驗。

The “ surface computer ” features a 30 - inch horizontal monitor embedded in the table, where users can move screen objects around with their fingers. objects placed on it will be automatically identified

這款「咖啡桌電腦」有一個嵌在桌面內的30英寸水平顯示器，用戶可用手指移動屏幕上的圖標。屏幕上放置的物體可被電腦自動識別。

First conceptual models, 3d surface computer modelling, product technical development, injection moulds, mould flow simulations, rapid prototyping, first units to be tested in fairs, post analysis and last improvements, etc, are all just part of our daily routine and represent the steps to be taken to have the product ready on the market, as soon as possible, and with success guaranteed

概念模型、 3d電腦模型、產品技術開發、注塑模具、流動模擬、快速成型、後分析、最後的改進等等，都是我們常規工作的部分，是將產品投放到市場之前和保證產品獲得市場成功的必要步驟。