thawing time 中文意思是什麼

We have now developed effective and environmental use of this method to speed up the thawing process and, at the same time, to minimize the use of water and sewage treatment

我們已發展了有效地使用冷水解凍法加快解凍速度，同時亦可減少用水及排污量。

The results demonstrate that the upper limit of permafrost in this area had declined from 1970s to the middle phase of 1990, and permafrost has appeared degenerate tendecy, but since middle 1990s, permafrost have a stable state ; ground temperature of roadbed near the earth surface is higher than that of the natural ground, thawing time of roadbed near the earth surface is longer than that of the natural ground, the heat income within the permafrost is greater than the heat release from the permafrost during anannual period, the heat accumulation within the permafrost is temporarily appeared as temperature rising, but with the heat accumulation within permafrost growing up year by year, permafrost temperature will become higher gradually, and strong thawing of permafrost could be happened in the region

結果表明：風火山地區從20世紀70年代到90年代中期凍土上限下降，凍土出現退化現象，從90年代至今凍土趨于穩定；路基近地表地溫明顯高於對應天然地表下的地溫，路基近地表經歷的融化期長于對應天然地表，進入多年凍土區的熱收支也呈現出吸熱明顯大於放熱的周期性變化，進入多年凍土的熱積累暫時以增高地溫耗熱為主，但隨著凍土吸熱量的逐年積累、凍土溫度的不斷升高，本區凍土可能發生強烈融化。

Tvb - n value, tba value, dehydration rate, thawing waste, cook drip were measured after being stored a period of time

定期取樣測定其揮發性鹽基氮（ tvb - n ）值、硫代巴比妥酸值（ tba ） 、冷藏乾耗率、物料解凍時的汁液流失量及煮汁率。

( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test

在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。