trial by witness 中文意思是什麼

trial by witness 解釋
依證人審判
  • trial : n. 1. （好壞、性能等的）試驗；（人或物的）試用；試車。2. 【運】選拔賽，預賽。3. 考驗，磨難，困難，患難；討厭的人[東西]；【法律】審問；審判。adj. ＝trinal.
  • by : adv 1 在側，在旁，在附近。2 （擱）在一邊，（放）到旁邊，（存）在一旁；收著。3 （由旁邊）經過，過...
  • witness : n 1 證據；證實，證明。2 證人，親眼看見的人，目擊者。3 〈常省略定冠詞〉【法律】證人；連署人。vt 1 ...
  1. The adversarial nature of the trial process is the immediate determinant of its structural elements : the different stages which structure the proceedings. these ensure that for each witness / defendant there will be an examination - in - chief, by his own supportive counsel and a cross - examination, by the adversarial counsel / prosecutor. as well, each counsel / prosecutor typically will open his case by an opening address, and will close the case by a closing address

    它的抗辯性質貫穿于構成庭審的各個階段：出庭的證人既享有被己方律師提問的權利，又承擔接受對方律師質證的義務；任何類型的庭審，律師公訴人都有權在庭審前申明代理、辯護意見，並在庭審結束時進行總結陳詞；陪審團出庭的案件中，法官還要向陪審團做出關於法律適用的指令。
  2. The criminal witnesses procedures should be defined as : by the law, in the course of criminal cases against the witnesses used specific methods and procedures and rules, which includes examination of a witness in the trial process to be followed by the rules, including the testimony of witnesses for the rights and obligations

    這些缺陷直接導致刑事證人出庭作證活動隨意、失控，證人出庭率偏低，影響了庭審改革的深化。對此，明確刑事證人出庭作證程序的涵義，規范證人出庭作證程序，並完善相關配套措施，勢在必行。
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