trivalent ion 中文意思是什麼
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The discovery of the colossal magnetoresistance ( cmr ) in hole - doped perovskite manganites ra1 - xmxmno3 ( ra is a trivalent rare - earth ion and m is a metal ion ) has attracted much attention since 1989 due to not only its technological applications in magnetic recording and sensor, but also the effect of the strong correlation concerning metal - insulator transition in the field of basic research. since then, several physics models have been suggested to explain the mechanism of cmr. however, the exact mechanism of cmr remains to be done
自1989年在摻雜鈣鈦礦型錳氧化物ra _ （ 1 - x ） m _ xmno _ 3 （其中m為金屬離子， ra為三價稀土離子）中發現龐磁電阻（ cmr ）以來由於其在磁記錄、磁傳感器等方面潛在的應用前景，以及金屬?絕緣體相變等所涉及的強關聯效應，使該類化合物吸引了物理學界的廣泛注意。 -
The first ytterbium - doped yttrium - aluminum garnet ( yb : yag ) laser action was reported back in 1965 using a lamp - pumped rod at 77 k. because of poor spectral overlap of the lamp with the the trivalent ytterbium ion ( yb3 + ) absorption band, the efficiency was very low. lamp - pumped nd : yag lasers fared better due to the multiple pump bands of neodymium
但yb3 +離子的泵浦吸收帶與閃光燈光譜匹配很差，導致其激光效率很低;而nd : yag的激活離子（ nd3 + ）有多個泵浦帶與閃光燈光譜匹配，較好適應了燈泵浦的需要，長期占據了固體激光器的主導地位。
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