unaffected level 中文意思是什麼
unaffected level
解釋
未受影響的電平- unaffected : adj. 1. 不矯揉造作的，自然的；不裝扮的，無裝飾的，不虛偽的；真心的，真實的。2. 未受影響的，未被感動的；未變動的。adv. -ly ,-ness n.
- level : n 1 水平儀，水準儀；水準測量。2 水平線，水平面；水平狀態；平面，平地。3 水平，水準；水位；標準；...
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So the sliding mode variable structure controller was discussed, which has strong robustness against the disturbance, and the chattering phenomenon inherited from vsc was taken advantage to regular valve vibration for the purpose of avoiding coagulation on it, while precision of level control can be almost unaffected. but for the reason of control limitation, especially the acceleration insufficiency, the continuous time quasi - sliding mode vsc for one class of controllable system, as the substitution of ideal sliding mode control system, which was impossible to implemented, was researched, including the three essentials, reaching condition in particular, and the chattering ex - pression was given. furthermore, the effect to quasi - sliding mode motion and chatter - ing expression by extent disturbance was also analyzed
由於控制量相對受限制，並且主要體現在控制量加速不足方面，無法實現理想的滑模變結構控制，因此本文研究了一類能控系統在這種情況下的連續系統準滑模變結構控制，包括變結構控制三要素，尤其是到達條件；並且針對塞棒掛渣問題，給出了該情況下抖振的表達式；魯棒性方面，分析了外界擾動對準滑模運動的影響，並且給出了外擾作用下抖振的表達式。 -
Fixed costs are those costs which are unaffected by changes in the level of production, for example, the factory rent and de ? preciation of machinery
固定成本是指不隨產量變動而變動的成本，如企業的租金費用和折舊費用。
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