upper-level low 中文意思是什麼
upper-level low
解釋
高空氣旋-
Detail mapping shows that the yagan mcc consists of crystallized metamorphic core ( low plate ), detachment zone and upper plate. the metamorphic core consists of can be further subdivided into two level parts low - level high metamorphic and upper - level shallow metamorphic structural slice and between them there exists a ductile shear zone. thus the whole texture of the mcc is characterized by " three layers and tow zones " this reveals a process of extensional uplift of poly - level slices by poly ductile shear zones, a characteristics of poly - level extensional structural systems. the deformational environments change vertically in a sequence of high amphibolite facies
亞干變質核雜巖由下盤結晶巖系變質核、拆離帶和上盤巖系構成，其中，變質核由四個單位及許多花崗巖體（脈）組成，可進一步分為中深和中淺變質兩個構造單位（巖片） ，之間發育次級韌性拆離帶（花崗質糜棱巖帶） ，加上上盤總體構成「三層兩帶」的結構特點。 -
1 ) the analyse of mei - yu front structure there is stable mei - yu front along the middle and lower reaches of yangtze river during the mei - yu period in 1999. the temperature contrast in the low level of mei - yu front almost disappeared, which existed only in the upper level. so the mei - yu front is " footless " from the temperature field
得到的基本結果如下： 1 ）梅雨鋒結構的分析1999年梅雨期間，在長江中下游維持著穩定的梅雨鋒，梅雨鋒在低層的溫度對比幾乎消失，只存在於對流層中上層，因此從溫度常看梅雨鋒是一種「無腳鋒」 ，在對流層中上層具有上寬下窄的梅雨鋒機構。 -
Analyzing the physics structure of vorticity, divergence, vertical velocity, frontogenesis " function, apparent heat source and apparent moist sink etc. indicated the physics fields are favorable for the occurance of the heavy rain over changjiang - huaihe river basin where the physics values are well according to the heavy rainstorm positions ; the low level jet is closely subject to the moisture and the coupled system of the low and the upper level jetstreams induced the strongly " ascending motion ; the intensity of the frontogenesis varies with the development of the rainfall system and reacts the rainfall intensity
主要分析了這次過程中的多種物理量，包括渦度、散度、垂直速度、鋒生函數、視熱源、視水汽匯等，對這一暴雨過程有了比較系統的認識。結果表明：在江淮流域存在著有利於發生暴雨的物理量場配置，渦度、散度、垂直速度等物理量，與暴雨的落區都很吻合的；低空急流的產生不僅有利於水汽的輸送，而且高低空急流的耦合造成了有利於強上升運動的配置；鋒生強度隨著降水系統的發展變化，並影響降水強度。 -
The diagnostic analysis for the sandstorm process on the base of height, temperature, pressure and wind etc output from the model shows that the upper cold trough, low - level wind shear, surface cold anticyclonic ridge, mesoscale cyclone and cold front are the main synoptic systems, surface cold anticyclonic ridge and cold front provide condition of wind force to occurrence of the sandstorm weather, the strong mesoscale cyclone before front makes pressure gradient before and after cold front obviously strengthen, moreover, and it increases obviously the temperature of the controlled area, as a result, the updraft movement caused by convergence before front strengthens
500hpa強鋒區、 700hpa切變和鋒前中尺度系統的強弱及位置變化是沙塵暴天氣發生發展到減弱的直接原因。地面冷高壓、地面氣旋及冷鋒是造成本次沙塵暴天氣的主要地面天氣系統。地面冷高壓及冷鋒為沙塵暴天氣的發生提供了風力條件，而中尺度氣旋使冷鋒前後氣壓梯度明顯增強外，又使所控制的區域增溫明顯，使鋒前輻合上升運動加強，為沙塵暴天氣的發生提供了熱、動力條件。 -
( 2 ) another interesting phenomenon is founded that the center of south asia high in the upper level of troposphere is stabile and nearly motionless during the processes of the westward extension of western pacific subtropical high, but its eastern ridge strengthens and extends eastward remarkably because of the anticyclone moves westward over the southeast japan, which may lead to the westward extension of subtropical high in the middle level of troposphere. ( 3 ) in the low level of troposphere, the north australia cold air activity plays an important role on the westward extension of subtropical high
（ 2 ）本文在研究副高西伸過程中指出，高層200hpa上日本東南部的高壓併入南亞高壓，導致南亞高壓脊的增強發展，對低層500hpa上副高的加強、西伸可能起到引導的作用；同時，對流層低層850hpa上孟加拉灣槽在副高西伸過程中加深，並在西伸脊點到達最西點的前4天強度達到最強，這為預報西太平洋副高的活動提供了參考。 -
Moreover it delimitates correlative concept such as upper limit and lower limit of virtual operating, low - level and high - level of virtual operating, virtual operating and virtual operating ecosystem, quasi - virtual operating and standard virtual operating, virtual cooperation, physical operating, the strategy of virtual operating and so on
最後，本章對虛擬經營的上限和下限、虛擬經營的低級階段和高級階段、虛擬經營和虛擬經營生態系統、準虛擬經營和標準虛擬經營以及虛擬合作、實體經營、虛擬經營戰略等相關概念作了界定。 -
The analysis of the large - scale synoptic situation shows that strong precipitation is closely related to the explosion of monsoon and the intensification of cross - equatorial flow which bring a lot of vapor and meet with cold masses at the eastern of northwest district on 8th, june causing extremely heavy rainfall ; that subtropical high - level jet at 200hpa, subtropical high at 500hpa and low - level jet at 850hpa are the weather backgrounds favorable to strong precipitation ; that the pattern of eastern highs and western lows and the establishment of a low - level jet and the coupling between upper - and low - level patterns that determine that the rain occurred in the east of the northwest china ( on average, this is the rainy season for the south of china, but not for the northwest china ) ; that water vapor comes from southerly and easterly flow which converge at the eastern of northwest district with convergence mainly in lower levels and pbl ; that the high value of the whole - level apparent heat source < q1 > is near the area of large rainfall in the direction of northeasterly - southwesterly agreeable to shear line very well and the condensation latent heat releasing is main heat source with vertical advection item playing key role in q1 and q2 ; that there is a vertical secondary circulation crossing low - lever jet whose ascending branch is at the area of large rainfall ; that the construction of convection instability and conditional symmetry instability results that there is not only deep thermal instability, but also moisture influx and triggering mechanism of thermal instability causing strong torrential rain
作為對比，本文還對2002年6月24 - 25日發生在北京地區的強地形雨進行了分析，並討論陜南、北京地區兩地暴雨的異同點以及地形作用的共性和個性，為兩地暴雨預報提供有益的參考，得出了一些很有意義的結果： 1大尺度環流背景分析表明： （ 1 ） 「 02 . 6 」強降水與6月上旬越赤道氣流和季風爆發密切相關，攜帶大量水汽的偏南氣流與冷空氣於6月8日交匯在西北地區東部，導致了這次強降水的發生； （ 2 ） 200hpa的副熱帶西風急流、 500hpa副高以及850hpa的低空急流的配置非常有利於本文分析之陜西強降水的發展與維持。大尺度形勢分析表明，東高西低形勢場、低空急流的建立和高低空形勢的配置決定了這場降雨出現在西北地區東部。與暴雨區相聯系，存在一支橫越低空急流的經向垂直環流，暴雨區處于該垂直環流的上升支； （ 3 ）偏南和偏東氣流水汽通道在西北地區東部交匯，水汽的輻合積聚主要在對流層低層和行星邊界層內完成； （ 4 ）整層的視熱源< q _ 1 >高值區在暴雨區附近呈東北-西南向分佈，與切變線走向非常一致，降水產生的凝結潛熱釋放是強降水區大氣的主要熱源。 -
The coupling of low - level ( convergence area lay ahead of jet on the left ) and upper - level ( divergence area lies rear of jet on the right ) jets played an important role in the course of vertical motion developing
高空急流入口區（右後方）的輻散，與低空急流左前方的輻合區互相耦合，對垂直運動的發展起到很大作用。 -
The main relative systems of heavy - hard rainfall in northeast plateau are western pacific subtropical high, south asia high, low latitude systems, upper level jet ( ulj ), low level greater wind speed axes, westerly trough and plateau trough, low level vortex, cold frontal, occluded front in qinghai lake, mesoscale low pressure, heat low - pressure in qinghai, shear line and convergence line, mesoscale cloud cluster, etc. the west subsidiary model of south asia high is the main circulation type of heavy - hard rainfall in this area
3 、西太平洋副高、南亞高壓、低緯系統、高空急流、低空大風速軸；西風槽和高原槽、低渦、冷鋒、青海湖錮囚鋒以及中尺度低壓、青海熱低壓、切變線與輻合線、中尺度雲團等系統是高原東北部地區大到暴雨的主要相關系統。 100hpa上的南亞高壓中心強度加強，位置東西擺動預示高原地區將有降水產生，中心強度減弱，降水過程結束。南亞高壓西部副型是高原東北部地區大到暴雨的主要流型。 -
Severe convergence brought by low - level jet pulsation, and severe divergence brought by upper - level jet is directly trigger mechanism of this intense rainstorm
低層低空急流脈動產生的強輻合，高空急流誘發的高層強輻散是本次東北地區暴雨天氣的直接觸發機制。 -
For example, the administratively monopolized access regulation that caused the upper section ( railway network operation ) and lower section ( the transportation businesses ) integrated ; the relatively closed investment mechanism that at first mainly depended on government allocation, then mainly relied on railway ' s building fund ; the price regulation that controls the right of price setting strictly and keeps a low price level for a long time ; the income distribution regulation that with its income and expense carried out in two separate ways ; finally, the regulation framework that with the roles wrongly arranged and with inadequate supervision and lagged legislation
由此可以看出，我國鐵路規制體制的計劃經濟痕跡非常明顯：在進入上，實行「上下一體」的行政性壟斷；在投資上，實行先以國家為主而後以鐵路建設基金為主的相對封閉的投資體制；在運價上，國家嚴格控制定價權，並長期以來保持低價位；在收益分配上，實行收支兩條線的清算制度；最後，在規制的組織架構方面，不僅角色錯位，而且缺乏監督，立法滯后。 -
The simulation findings uncover that : either a higher inefficiency level of e - marketplace, or a higher opportunity cost that a seller in the traditional marketplace takes, or a low upper limit of active sellers in e - marketplace, or a higher probability of taking stochastic actions, or less information to form expectation, can be propitious for spurring the shift from the traditional marketplace to the e - marketplace. as for the popular “ thorough shift ” presumption, this paper puts forward that, an aggressive shift from traditional marketplace to e - marketplace is probably built on an effort by the buyer to constrain his own bargaining power or to share benefits with the supplier. by developing economic models and leveraging the general game theory, this paper also finds out that cost is the critical factor that governs the evolution of monopolistic market, monopolistic competitive market and oligarchic market
保持其它因素不變，以上因素對市場演化的影響作用分別為:市場演化對電子市場競爭無效率度高度敏感，當電子市場競爭無效率度小幅度下降時，市場顯著地偏向傳統市場，當電子市場競爭無效率度小幅度上升時，市場顯著地偏向電子市場;傳統交易中賣方所承擔的隱性成本是市場演化的另一個決定性因素，當傳統交易中的賣方所承擔的隱性成本取值較大時，電子市場將佔主導地位，當傳統交易中的賣方所承擔的隱性成本取值較小時，傳統市場將佔主導地位， ;當為電子市場中實際參與每筆交易的賣方設置一個低的上限時，傳統市場將迅速演化為電子市場;市場參與者的非理性行動概率越大，市場越容易向電子市場 -
The influence of the low to the rainfall of different part of yangtze river had special characteristic : the first low mostly influenced upper reaches, while the second and the third influenced the middle and the lower reaches of yangtze river. when the lows moved to the sea and japan, the rainfall presented the characteristic of the high - level cold low rain produce
三個低渦對長江中下游降水的影響有明顯的區域特徵：第一個低渦生成在青藏高原東側，並且移動路徑經向度很大，因此對長江中上有的降水影響較大；第二個及第三個低渦產生在大別山地區，在我國東部主要沿緯向移動，因此對長江中下游降水影響較大。 -
The results show that the event is directly affected by the formation and evolution of southwest vortex and mcc cloud cluster which locate in the intersection region of the upper - level jet and the low - level jet
結果表明：高、低空急流耦合區中西南低渦及mcc特徵雲團的形成和維持是造成此次特大暴雨的直接影響系統。 -
The low - level jet stream is the result of the spread of the momentum from the upper - level jet stream
低空急流是高空急流的動量向下輸送的結果。低空急流的生成先於水汽及降水的爆發。 -
A transverse secondary circulation is produced by the coupling of high and low jets, while the sinking branch of the secondary circulation providing the dynamic conditions for the dry intrusion air. during the period of the heavy rain process, dry intrusion descends southward along the intense constant potential temperature lines, which promotes the lower cyclone. in addition, the pouring of upper - level dry air not only decreases ground temperature behind the front but also increases surface pressure and velocity
由於高、低空急流耦合，在高空急流中心左側產生的下沉運動和高空急流中心右側、低空急流左側產生的上升運動在鋒面上形成一次級環流，次級環流的下沉支運動為對流層高層干空氣和高位渦的下傳提供了動力條件；進一步研究發現，干侵入沿相當位溫密集帶向南向下伸展，引起對流層低層氣旋性渦度的發展；此外，高層乾冷空氣向下注入，導致地面溫度降低、氣壓升高、風速加大、低層輻合增強、上升速度加大，從而促進了新的對流運動，引起降水增強。 -
The interaction of the positive isobaric moist potential vorticity disturbance at low and upper level is a possible mechanism of the genesis and development of mesoscale vortex
發現高低空正的濕位渦擾動的共同作用是對流層中低層中尺度低渦生成的一種可能機制。 -
On the beginning, the first low was warmer from the low level to the high level. only after developing, it also became colder on the low level and wanner on the upper level, which was the result of the release of coagulation heat with rainfall
第一個低渦在出生時從低層到高層都是暖心結構，但在發展之後也成為下冷上暖的結構，三個低渦在發展過程中出現的這種下冷上暖的結構表明在低渦中上層有大量的降水釋放凝結潛熱。
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