vpm 中文意思是什麼

Our previous studies confirmed that the central pathway of trigeminal proprioceptive sensation consists of four orders of neurons, and neurons from the first - to the fourth - order are located, respectively, in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus ( vme ), the dorsomedial part of the subnucleus oralis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and its adjacent reticular formation ( vodm - lrf ), the " zone - shaped area " [ including the caudolateral part of the supratrigeminal nucleus ( vsup - cl ), the dorsomedial part of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus ( vpdm ), the area ventral to the motor trigeminal nucleus ( avm ) and the area dorsal to the superior olivary nucleus ( ado ) ] and the contralateral ventral posteromedial nucleus ( vpm ) of the thalamus. because the pathway is a novel one, there has been little systematic morphological data available so far regarding the neurotransmitters involved in this pathway

該通路中第二、三級神經元所在地分別是三叉神經脊束核吻側亞核背內側區及其鄰接的網狀結構（ dorsomedialpartofthesubnucleusoralisofthespinaltrigeminalnucleusanditsadjacentreticularformation ， vodm - lrf ）和帶狀區[包括背側的三叉上核尾外側部（ caudolateralpartofthesupratrigeminalnucleus ， vsup - cl ）和感覺主核背內側部（ dorsomedialpartoftheprincipalsensorytrigeminalnucleus ， vpdm ）及腹側的兩個分別位於三叉神經運動核腹側和上橄欖核背側的暫命名為avm （ areaventraltothemotortrigeminalnucleus ）和ado （ areadorsaltothesuperiorolivarynucleus ）的兩個小核團] 。

Although its function is not known completely, pv may play important roles in the axonal flow, cell metabolism and synaptic transmission through binding with ca2 +. our previous studies showed that pv is distributed densely in the relay nuclei on the central four orders pathway of the trigeminal proprioceptive sensation and there are approximately 30 - 50 % of pv - li neurons projected to vpm of the thalamus in the third - order nuclei

我們最近的研究表明， pv樣免疫陽性細胞在三叉神經本體覺中樞通路各級核團中均有較密集的分佈，並且在二、三級神經元所在地? vodm - lrf和帶狀區中大約有30 - 50的pv樣陽性神經元為投射神經元。

Injected group, 0. 1 % saccharin ( 1. 5 ~ 2ml / rat, in 5min ) intraoral infused group and cta group. the expression of endogenous leucin - enkephalin ( lek ) in the rat brain was observed and 5 parts of the thalamus including laterodorsal thalamic nucleus ( ld ), lateral part of mediodorsal thalamic nucleus ( mdl ), ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus ( vpl ), ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus ( vpm ) and reticular thalamic nucleus ( rt ) were comparatively researched before and after the acquisition of cta applying lek - immunocytochemistry. in behavioral experiment, 18 adult male sd rats were divided into normal cta group ( control ) and 2 naloxone i. p

為探討cta形成過程中enk的作用，本實驗用成年雄性sd大鼠35隻，分為空白對照組、生理鹽水（ 2體重）腹腔注射組、 0 . 15mlicl溶液（ 2體重）腹腔注射組、 0 . 1糖精溶液口腔灌流組（ 1 . 5 - 2ml只， 5min ）和cta建立組，採用免疫細胞化學方法，觀察了亮腦啡肽（ lek ）陽性神經元在大鼠腦內的分佈情況，並比較了各組大鼠丘腦外側背核（ ld ） 、丘腦內側背核外側部（ mdl ） 、丘腦腹后外側核（ vpl ） 、丘腦腹后內側核（ vpm ）以及丘腦網狀核（ rt ）等5個腦區內lek表達水平的差異；另外將成年雄性sd大鼠18隻，分為正常cta建立組以及在cta建立前或cta建立后阿片受體拮抗劑納洛酮（ 2mg kg體重）腹腔注射組，對內源性阿片樣物質對于cta建立和保持的影響進行了行為學研究。

Fifth, vpm is real - time digital simulation system software of launch vehicle and missile

5 、 vpm是運載火箭和導彈的實時數字模擬軟體系統。

Making use of user " s module offered by vpm, write the emulation procedure of the towed flight

第三部分熟悉模擬框架軟體vpm ，並利用vpm提供的用戶模塊編寫牽引飛行模擬程序。

Subsequently, the process - centered ipd architecture and enovia vpm / pm - based integrated product development environment for helicopter design have been established

以此為基礎，建立了面向直升機設計、以過程為中心的集成產品開發體系和基於enoviavpm pm的集成產品開發環境。

Aimmed to extend the function of initial virtual prototype with modeling ( vpm ) for dynamics, this thesis improved the fidelity of prototype and added the simulated bus and visualization funtion for vpm

本文針對動力學虛擬樣機（ vpm ）的前期成果的功能擴展需求，提高樣機的擬真程度，為虛擬樣機增加總線模擬功能以及可視化功能。

Firstly, the modeling theory and method of vpm for dynamics are researched. the thoughts of integrated modeling and oriented - object method are absorbed in building the geometric model of visualization function

本文首先研究了動力學虛擬樣機的建模理論與方法，吸收一體化建模的思想，利用面向對象的程序設計方法，完成了實現可視化功能的幾何模型的建模。

3. the numbers of lek - immunoreactive neurons in ld and vpm of saccharin intraoral infused group were significantly more than those in control group while the numbers in ld and mdl of licl i. p. injected group were remarkably fewer than those in control group

3 、糖精溶液口腔灌流組大鼠丘腦外側背核（ ld ）和丘腦腹后內側核（ wm ）內比k免疫陽性神經元數均顯著多於對照組：卜兀1腹腔注射組大鼠的ld和丘腦內側背核外側部（ mdl ）內lek免疫陽性神經元數顯著少於對照組。

Through the analyze of dividing the sub - systems, interaction with environment, interaction with man and machine, a coarse - grained virtual prototype of space station has been assembled by the user model and the common model of vpm, it include environment system, dynamic system, time system, gnc system and power system. ( 3 ) the space environment model design

通過對空間站虛擬樣機系統的子系統劃分、與環境的交互、人機的交互的分析，採用用戶模塊和vpm系統提供的通用模塊初步組裝出一個空間站的粗粒度虛擬樣機系統，包括空間環境、動力學系統、時間系統、 gnc系統、電力系統； （ 3 ）空間環境模塊設計。

4. the numbers of lek - immunoreactive neurons in ld, mdl and vpm of cta group were remarkably fewer than those in saccharin intraoral infused of cta group were remarkably fewer than those in saccharin intraoral infused group. the numbers in ld, mdl, vpl and rt had no significant difference with those in licl i. p

4 、 cta組大鼠的、 mdl以及wm內陽性神經元數顯著少於糖精溶液口腔灌流組；而其ld 、 mdl 、丘腦腹后外側核（ vpl ）以及匠腦網狀核（ rt ） 「內lek免疫陽性神經元數與lici腹腔注射組相比均無顯著差異。

It can efficiently reduce the time and cost of development and can provide support method, such as, optimizing design, real time simulation, failure diagnosis, on orbit management etc. this thesis base on vpm platform to build a coarse - grained virtual prototype of space station, mainly discussed : ( 1 ) the construction and expanding of vpm virtual prototype, a user model about space station has been programmed for vpm

這樣可以有效的縮短研製周期、節約研製費用，並為實際運行提供優化設計、實時模擬運行、故障診斷、運行管理等支持手段。本論文基於虛擬樣機vpm平臺，建立了空間站粗粒度虛擬樣機，主要進行了以下的研究： （ 1 ） vpm虛擬樣機的構成、擴充。