water-surface gradient 中文意思是什麼
water-surface gradient
解釋
水面坡降-
The obtained polysilane - polyacrylate gradient films showed no macro - interface with the silicone content reducing gradually from the top surface to the bottom one. dma thermograms indicated that polysilane - polyacrylate gradient films contained two glass temperatures with their bands drifting from and their range extending much from each component. the good properties of waterproof, calorifics, and ultraviolet - absorption were also determined by dsc, uv and water contact angle measurements
結果表明：有機硅聚合物-聚丙烯酸酯梯度膜有一個較寬的玻璃化轉變溫區，玻璃化轉變范圍相對組分材料的玻璃化轉變范圍發生了擴展：有機硅聚合物-聚甲基丙烯酸酯梯度膜具有較好的熱學性能；硅含量的提高有利於改善膜層的憎水性能和紫外吸收性能。 -
Based on analysis of geologic foundation record about pingzhuang basin, a lot of sino - foreign geothermal geology record and investigation of field geology, measuring of ground temperature in person and geo - chemical analysis of ascension spring, gushing water of fault, the fact that the anomaly of geothermal gradient of pingzhuang basin, which is in region of low geothermal gradient, is caused by redistribution of conduction - oriented geothermal heat flow which is result from upheaval and depression of basin foundation bed is pointed out. after the field of ground temperature is simulated under the background of conduction - oriented geothermal heat flow by means of ansys, the characteristic of ground temperature distribution of top surface of basin foundation bed ( yixian team ) is revealed. the sound condition of transmissibility fault and feeding water source, which are imperative in formation of the low - medium temperature geothermal system of convective type, is possessed in pingzhuang basin
通過對平莊盆地基礎地質資料、國內外大量地熱地質資料的分析和野外地質調查、礦井實測地溫以及上升泉、斷層涌水的地球化學分析等工作基礎上，指出地處低地溫梯度背景區的平莊盆地地溫梯度異常是由於盆地基底隆起和坳陷引起傳導型大地熱流再分配所致；運用州sys數值模擬了大地熱流向地表傳導背景下的盆地地溫場，從而揭示了盆地基底（義縣組）頂界面地溫分佈特徵；闡明了盆地具有形成中低溫對流型地熱系統所必需的導水斷裂、補給水源等的良好條件，中低溫對流型地熱系統是地熱勘查的主要對象；圈定了平莊盆地北部朝陽溝?駱駝營子地熱勘查遠景區。 -
Also the theoretical basis of the method have been checked through simple deducing simulation and the influences of various physical parameters on the method have been studied. it is shown that the method is theoretically reliable for the production oil wells without very high production rate and is more suitable in field production for oil wells ( i ) in area with bigger geothermal gradient ; ( ii ) producing fluids ( oil and water ) with distinguish thermal characteristics ; ( iii ) producing oil with lower heat capacity or water with higher heat capacity ; ( iv ) with good surface measurement accuracy, as well as the method h as certain requirements on the accuracy of the temperature and flowmeter logs sensors
就該產出剖面方法的理論基礎進行了簡單的正演模擬和可能影響該方法的各項物理參數進行了全面的考察，結果表明，該方法對于非高產的生產油井來說在理論上是可靠的，在實際生產中適合於（ 1 ） 、油井所在地區地溫梯度較大的油井； （ 2 ） 、油水熱特性差別較大的油井； （ 3 ） 、油比熱容值偏低水比熱容值偏高的油井； （ 4 ） 、井口計量精度較高的油井，並且對井溫測井和流量測井的傳感性精度有一定的要求。 -
It has high selectivity in adsorpting water, polar molecule or polarizable molecule on account of the existing of mighty coulomb field and polar interaction in the internal of crystal cave of zeolite, the high electric field gradient and the uneven surface caused by the exposure of exchangable cation of equilibrium framework negative charge in framework structures
由於分子篩晶穴內部有強太原理工大學碩士學位論文摘要大的庫侖場和極性作用，再加上骨架中大量平衡骨架負電荷的可交換陽離子的暴露造成的高電場梯度及表面的不均性，使其對水、極性分子及可極化的分子具有高選擇的吸附性能。 -
The research include : 1 ) measuring co2 concentration in the soil air and vegetation air by using co2 measuring instruments ; 2 ) measuring the releasing rate of co2 coming from soil surface by using alkaline absorbing method ; 3 ) measuring the hydrochemical indexes of soil water. the research results are as follows : ( 1 ) the author has made field observation of depth distribution of soil air co2 in the mt. jinfo karst experiment site. the results show that two concentration gradient, soil to atmosphere and soil to carbonate rock, are form
本次實驗以典型的亞熱帶巖溶分佈區?金佛山自然保護區為例，選擇了巖溶窪地內的高山草甸和靠窪地邊緣地帶的方竹林、裸地以及石林內的喬木林4個樣地，對土壤co _ 2濃度空間分佈規律以及晝夜動態和日動態變化狀況進行了觀測，獲得了如下新的認識： （ 1 ）土壤中co _ 2濃度分佈的觀測結果表明，土壤中具有土壤-大氣、土壤-碳酸鹽巖兩個方向的co _ 2濃度梯度。 -
8 disaster factors of soil erosion have been defined : surface material, landform and slope gradient, cover - degree, topographic, 30min rainfall intensity, engineering measure grade of conservation of water - soil, irregular subsidence and volume weight
確定了土壤水性的8個致災因子: 30而n暴雨強度、地表物質、地形坡度、植被搜蓋度、植被類型、工程水土保持措施等級、容重和非均勻沉降 -
( 2 ) a series of experiments on time scale distortion are made with real river model, inflow and outflow boundary condition, and continuous simulation. by means of analysis of the experimental data on model water level, water - surface gradient, cross velocity, outflow discharge process and the sediment transportation capacity, the main physical reasons for the above hydraulic parameters deviations caused by time scale distortion are illustrated : response delay of model channel storage capacity and rate of water level with time
（ 2 ）採用真實的河工模型和入出流邊界控制條件以及連續模擬的方法進行了有關時間變態率的系列試驗，通過模型水位、比降、流速、出口流量過程線和斷面挾沙力試驗資料的分析，闡明了時間變態引起上述各種水力參數偏離的主要物理原因：模型的槽蓄響應和洪水過程時間變化率的響應滯后。 -
Absolute amounts of soil erosion is not large for the falling gradient in black soil region, but the nutrient is high in erosion soil, the nutrient of erosion soil and runoff is high, which leads to soil fertility degeneration, while n and p nutrient pour into water with surface runoff, it leads to water nutrient enrichment and pollution, and becomes one of confined factors of water nutrient enrichment
吉林農業大學碩士學位論文黑土地表徑流氮磷養分特徵及其與肥力退化的關系由於黑土耕作區坡度平緩，土壤侵蝕的絕對量並不很大，但由於土壤中攜帶的養分高，養分流失的較多，流失的養分將引起肥力的退化，而且氮磷等養分隨地表徑流流出匯入各種水體，引起水體富營養化和污染，成為水體富營養化的限制因子。 -
Experiment data is analyzed with method of projection pursuit for more reliability and utility value. this paper first systematically studied energy dissipater of suspension girder in steep gradient with supercritical flow according to used in actual engineering and received perfect effect. experimental studies about the distribution velocity, the variation of water surface and pressure are undertaken
然而，文章主要針對已獲國家自然科學基金資助，且已在實際工程實踐中產生了良好消能效果的陡坡急流懸柵消能工的部分試驗成果，進行了較全面深入地討論，即具體根據試驗資料系統分析了懸柵陡槽內泄水時的流速分佈、底板壓力分佈及水面線變化情況。 -
2. on the basis of analyzing experimental data for slope land of loess plateau in different slope gradient and rain intensity and soil and water conservation tillage measures, using curve - fitting techniques, a soil infiltration rates model was woke out, the accuracy of the model is tested by a series of experiment data, the result of these indicate that the soil infiltration rates model is accurate and has good stability for slope land of loess plateau. 3. using soil infiltration rates and runoff time and wetting frontal surface depth of soil infiltration reflect effect of factor affecting soil infiltration rates
（ 3 ）採用土壤穩定入滲速率、坡面開始產流時間、土壤濕潤鋒面下滲深度三個指標來反映坡耕地土壤入滲影響（土壤性質、土壤初始含水率、地面坡度、降雨強度、積水深度、水土保持耕作措施等）因素效用大小，建立了各因素與三個指標的關系模型，詳細分析了不同水土保持耕作措施強化土壤入滲的影響，其中等高耕作作用最為顯著，其次是人工掏挖和人工鋤耕。 -
Results were as follows : surface erosion occurs in vast areas, but in low intensions ; gravitation erosion was caused by rainstorm, and always happened in steep slope with gradient degree more than 35 ; water loss is the most important form in low mountainous areas
結果表明：坡面面蝕發生范圍廣，程度重，但強度不大；重力侵蝕的誘因是暴雨，多發生在坡度大於35 %的陡坡坡面；水的流失是低山丘陵區坡面水土流失的重要形式。
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