yearly runoff 中文意思是什麼

yearly runoff 解釋
年徑流量
  • yearly : adj. 一年一次的;每年的;一年間的。 a yearly income 歲入。 a yearly plant 一年生植物。adv. 年年;一年一次;在那一年間。n. 年刊。
  • runoff : 降雨徑流
  1. Normally water resources is affected by human activities and climatic change, but it is affected mainly by climatic change in runoff forming regions located in the high and middle mountainous area in the northwestern china. river runoff in the hexi inland arid region all originates from the qilian mt. area and the change of mountainous runoff resulted from global weather warming up and will bring an important effect to the development of society and economy in the hexi region. so the response on mountainous runoff and its changing trends are analyzed on the basis of the measured data of precipitation, air temperature, and discharges observed from some weather and hydrologic stations in the studied area. the results show that seasonal variation of mountainous runoff in the hexi inland region is mainly affected by the river ' s geographical location and supply source, and the yearly change by precipitation and that in the west of the region by air temperature besides precipitation. there are some obviously regional differences in the influences of climatic change on surface runoff in the hexi inland arid region, that is, rivers runoff in the west of the hexi area have been increasing and rivers in the east part have been decreasing, and the rivers runoff in the central part presented slowly increase trend, such as the heihe river, but it is not quite obvious

    一般情況下,水資源的變化主要受氣候變化和人類活動的影響,但在位於我國西北內陸乾旱地區的中高山地帶,徑流的形成主要受前者的影響.甘肅省的河西內陸乾旱區是該省重要的工農業生產和經濟開發區,這里各項社會和經濟活動與出山徑流的變化都有著十分密切的關系.因此,筆者根據有關水文氣象臺站的降水、氣溫和徑流觀測資料,分析了以黑河、昌馬河、西營河等主要河流為代表的河西內陸區出山徑流的變化特徵與規律.結果表明,河西內陸區出山口徑流的季節變化主要受地理位置和河流補給來源的影響,而年際變幅則受山區降水量年際變化及變幅的影響十分明顯.目前,梨園河以西河流水量處于上升階段,梨園河以東的河流則處于下降的階段;以黑河幹流鶯落峽水文站年徑流為代表的走廊中部地區的出山口徑流正處於1990年開始的枯水段的上升段.但總體而言,河西內陸乾旱區出山口徑流的變化相對比較穩定.預計今後若干年內,河西內陸乾旱區東段河流出山口徑流的變化以偏枯為主,中段、西段河流出山口徑流的變化以平水或平水偏豐為主
  2. ( 2 ) the method of time series analysis and the stochastic models are introduced, and the yearly and monthly runoff series stochastic models at the heiyukou gauging station in heihe river are established and checked

    ( 2 )對水文系列的時間序列分析方法及常用的隨機模型進行了闡述,建立了黑河黑峪口站的年、月徑流序列生成模型並進行了檢驗。
  3. In this paper, subjects mainly focused are as follows : to meet with the requirement of forward business and the establishment of mid - long term generation planning of hydroelectric plant, the yearly runoff and the monthly runoff are studied in this paper, providing many kinds models that suited to min - long term runoff forecast, including the time series analysis, the nearest neighbor bootstrap regressive model, the grey topological model, recession curve model, threshold auto regression, mean generating function, and ann model etc. the forecast result proves that these models are useful

    本文從以下幾方面進行了較為深入的研究: ( 1 )為了滿足水電廠的期貨交易及編制水電站中長期發電計劃的需要,本文對年、月徑流預測進行了研究,提出了徑流中長期預測模型,包括:時間序列模型、最近鄰抽樣回歸模型、灰色拓撲預測、退水曲線模型、門限自回歸模型、均生函數模型及神經網路模型等,從預測成果來看,效果較好。
  4. ( 4 ) according to analysis of water resources characteristics of the dam system, following conclusions are obtained : amount of yearly available water resources of the dam system presents uncertainty ; water resources utilization by the dam system should focus on fully utilization of rainfall, runoff and flood ; meanwhile, water resources exploration of the dam system should reach the objective of maximum economic benefit in years ; a modeling system for water resources utilization and exploration by the dam system is established on the basis of reasonable investment and above objectives

    對壩系水資源的特點進行了深入研究,得出以下結論:壩系水資源年可利用量具有較大的隨機性;開發利用壩系水資源就是充分利用降雨和徑流洪水;壩系水資源開發應以多年經濟效益總體期望值最大為目標。同時引入了最佳水資源投入量的概念,並建立了壩系水資源開發利用模型。
  5. Research manifests that : ( 1 ) allocation in the year of precipitation is very uneven, and yearly precipitation is different in great scope, negative anomaly of precipitation appear concentratly in the 1990s, the precipitation in the 1990s decreased in different degree ; ( 2 ) close positive correlation exists between runoff and precipitation, runoff is abundant in the year with prolific precipitation, and generally in the year with scarce rain the volume of runoff is not enough ; ( 3 ) there is 20 % margin in their changes amplitude, this mainly resulted from high frequent human activities

    結果表明: ( 1 )流域內降水年內分配極其不均;年際變化劇烈,進入90年代后降水負距平集中出現, 20世紀90年代降水較多年均值有較大程度的減少; ( 2 )流域內河川徑流與降水之間存在密切的正相關關系,降水量多的年份,河川徑流豐富,反之較枯; ( 3 )河川徑流積極響應降水的變化,然而河川徑流變化幅度卻比降水變化幅度大20 % ,這個偏差主要是由於頻繁的人類活動的干擾造成的。
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