估值不足 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gūzhíbùzú]
估值不足
英文
undervalued-
The schnute model work well in full explored stocks such as scenario 1, 3, 4 and 5, especially in low biomass stocks such as scenario 3, but not suitable to the under explored stocks such as scenario 2. the w - h model generally performed well in all kind of scenarios especially in scenario 1, 4, and 5. in the swordfish, xiphias gladius, fishery, estimation of w - h model and d - fox model produced msy about 14000 ton, very near the result of prager in 1996
四種剩餘產量模型在充分捕撈且管理良好的漁業1中評估效果較好而在捕撈不足的漁業2中效果較差； schnute模型在充分捕撈的漁業如漁業1 、 3 、 4 、 5 、尤其是在低生物量的漁業3中評估效果較好，但不適合評估未充分捕撈的漁業，如漁業2 ； walters - hilborn模型（ w - h模型）適用於各種漁業，尤其是漁業1 、 4 、 5 ；在過度捕撈漁業中如漁業3 、 4 ，模型對參數q的估計較其它參數接近真值；在北大西洋箭魚（ xiphiasgladius ）漁業的評估中， w - h模型和d - fox模型對msy的估計約為14000噸，接近於prager （ 1996 ）的結果。When discussing the methods of goodwi11 evaluation, we point out the disadvantages of the present eva i uat i on formu i a se i ect i on and the parameter confirmation, import and deepen the theory of corporate life cycle to the work of enterprise income forecast, furthermore put forward a new model of excessive capitalized earning method on goodwill evaluation, and i i luminate the main points in the appl ication of the new model
在探討商譽評估方法時，本文針對現有評估方法公式選擇與參數確定方面的不足，引入並深化企業生命周期理論，將其應用於企業收益預測，進而提出了一種商譽評估超額收益現值法新的定量模型，並對新模型應用中的要點予以說明。A study by two imf economists, steven dunaway and xiangming li, found that estimates for the undervaluation of the yuan ranged from zero to nearly 50 %, depending on which method was used
兩名國際貨幣基金組織經濟學家? ?史蒂文.達納韋和李向明（音） ? ?的一項研究表明，因使用的方法不同，對於人民幣低估的價值估計從零到50 %不一而足。Moreover, this paper discusses the feasibility of option pricing theory by adopting cases. on the one hand, it admits this method plays a key role in the realization of " debt - in - lieu - of - equity " of state - owned enterprises and appraising the value of potential earning - capacity ; on the other hand, it illustrates the application of option pricing theory in appraisal is still immature. for it can not meet the prerequisite of the theory ; its result will not be generally accepted and the quality of appraisal staff are relatively lower, this method is not applicable to business valuation aiming at equity alteration. thus it should not be regarded as a brand - new appraisal method to be promot ed in the short run. in the finial the thesis forms its conclusion on method application of superseding cost method gradually. generalizing the use of income method and developing the sense of using option pricing method
由於成本法所固有的局限性，無法評估出資產組配成具有獲利能力的整體資產的創造性價值，因此注重企業獲利能力的收益法已成為轉軌時期中國評估業的現實選擇，並進一步對收益法的起源、方法特點和適用性進行了深入的分析；運用理性分析與案例分析相結合的方法對收益法發展的新階段? ?期權定價法應用於企業價值評估的可行性進行了研究，肯定了這一方法對國企實現「債轉股」和評估高新技術企業潛在獲利能力價值的重大意義，同時對此方法應用於企業價值評估不滿足前提條件、評估結果的可接受性、及評估人員素質等方面說明了這一方法在資產評估領域的應用尚不成熟，尤其不適用於產權變動為目的的企業價值評估，因而短期內不宜作為一種全新的評估方法推廣。The conventional variable structure control technique for uncertain system requires that the uncertainty bound is known as a premise to assure robustness. the requirement creates an over - conservative controller and enlarges chattering. the proposed controller regards the influence of unknown disturbances and parameter uncertainties as an equivalent disturbance and generates an on - line estimation used in smc to cancel the slowly varying uncertainties by the mechanism of time delay. the reaching law approach is used to get the conditions and band of quasi - sliding mode. the new methodology offers a robust feedback control with much lower gains and reduces chattering without a prior knowledge of the uncertainty bounds or matched conditions
常規變結構控制用於不確定系統，須利用不確定性界確保系統的魯棒性，控制器過于保守且抖振變大.本文把未知干擾和參數不確定性的影響等效為名義系統的外界干擾，利用時延技術對干擾進行在線估計，並將估計值引入到變結構控制中，從而抵消掉系統中的慢變不確定性，利用離散趨近律法，推出了準滑動模態的存在條件及其帶寬.該方法克服了以往控制方法中須已知不確定性界的限制，且不必滿足匹配條件，用較低的控制增益保證了系統的魯棒性，降低了準滑動模態帶即削弱了抖振Abstract : the conventional variable structure control technique for uncertain system requires that the uncertainty bound is known as a premise to assure robustness. the requirement creates an over - conservative controller and enlarges chattering. the proposed controller regards the influence of unknown disturbances and parameter uncertainties as an equivalent disturbance and generates an on - line estimation used in smc to cancel the slowly varying uncertainties by the mechanism of time delay. the reaching law approach is used to get the conditions and band of quasi - sliding mode. the new methodology offers a robust feedback control with much lower gains and reduces chattering without a prior knowledge of the uncertainty bounds or matched conditions
文摘:常規變結構控制用於不確定系統，須利用不確定性界確保系統的魯棒性，控制器過于保守且抖振變大.本文把未知干擾和參數不確定性的影響等效為名義系統的外界干擾，利用時延技術對干擾進行在線估計，並將估計值引入到變結構控制中，從而抵消掉系統中的慢變不確定性，利用離散趨近律法，推出了準滑動模態的存在條件及其帶寬.該方法克服了以往控制方法中須已知不確定性界的限制，且不必滿足匹配條件，用較低的控制增益保證了系統的魯棒性，降低了準滑動模態帶即削弱了抖振This article, firstly, analyzes the uncertainties in the process of investment analyses, and reveals the nature, classification and characteristics of uncertainties. secondly, the article raises the theory basis of solving the uncertainties - the theory of options and the game theory, and analyzes the possibility that using the theory of options and the game theory in the analyses of investment. thirdly, the investment projects are classified according to new standard, and then the article raises the different method for different investment projects
但是傳統的投資項目可行性評估一般採用的是凈現值法，這種方法認為投資項目的成本可以在投資后以某種方式收回，而不使企業蒙受損失，並且這種方法未能考慮到投資的靈活性問題，忽略了與投資項目相關的各種不確定性因素，而正是這些不確定性因素形成了投資項目的投資機會價值，因此使用傳統的投資分析方法可能會造成企業項目投資價值的低估和投資不足。By studying the status quo of domestic and foreign valuation theories and methods of hi - tech enterprise, the thesis analyzed the existing deficiency of the studies, and put forward a model of valuation of the investment opportunity of hi - tech enterprise on the base of features of hi - tech enterprise and the domestic practicalities
通過對高新技術企業價值評估的國內外現狀研究，分析了目前存在的不足。並根據高新技術企業的特點，結合我國的實際情況，提出了高新技術企業投資機會價值評估模型。Models with different measurements precision based on phasor measurements are built. as for measurements with low precision, the voltage phasor of nodes with pmus are iterated as state variables. as for the measurements with enough precision, the measurements of pmu are regarded as state results directly
在此基礎上，建立了基於相角量測的狀態估計模型，對不同精度的pmu量測值採用不同的狀態估計模型， pmu精度較低時，在增加量測量冗餘度的同時， pmu所在節點的電壓相量仍然作為狀態變量參加迭代； pmu精度足夠高時，直接將pmu的量測值作為狀態估計的狀態解， pmu所在節點的電壓相量不參加狀態估計。In this paper the shortcomings of the constant impedance control method has been analyzed, in accordance with efa system " s characteristics, requests of design and developing direction of efa control system an intelligent control method has been proposed. based neural network the model of the efa is established, which can pre - estimate the echo of control variable of efa. by analyzing the result of pre - estimate the control variable can then be adjusted in real time
本文分析了電弧爐恆阻抗控制存在的不足，在此基礎上針對系統的特點和控制要求，參考國內外電弧爐控制的研究發展方向，提出了一種基於神經網路的電弧爐控制方法，即利用神經網路建立電弧爐模型，並對系統的響應進行預估，將對預估值和期望值進行比較計算並對實際控制量進行校正。Secondly, two carbon fiber reinforced composite beams were fabricated, and their modal frequencies were measured by an experiment method. thirdly, delaminations were modeled by pairs of nodes with the same coordinates but different node numbers, while the modal frequencies of these beams with different delamination location and size were computed by an eas piezoelectric solid element. moreover, a novel method combining computational mechanics and neural network was demonstrated for composite health monitoring ; the first five flexure modal frequencies obtained by fem were modified by a primary revising approach and were used to train the neural network
本文較全面地評述了神經網路的應用模型、改進演算法等，編制了bp神經網路程序：制備了纖維增強復合材料試件，並進行實驗模態分析；利用坐標相同、節點號不同的方法模擬脫層損傷，基於eas列式的壓電固體單元計算了不同脫層損傷情況下的頻率信息；針對基於實驗數據訓練神經網路存在樣本不足的缺陷，本文提出了利用有限元方法對含有脫層損傷的復合材料試件進行數值模擬，以前五階彎曲模態頻率構建訓練樣本的新思路，並提出了一種初步的計算值修正方法，以此構建神經網路的訓練樣本：將實驗模態分析的結果送入訓練好的神經網路進行預測，實現了對復合材料梁的脫層損傷的定位和損傷程度的評估。The second, third and fourth chapter, introduce three main enterprise valuation approaches and methods : dcf ( discounted cash flow ) method, market multiplier method and adjusting the book value of the financial statements. these chapters are also the predominant part of this thesis. the fifth chapter focuses on the comparison research on the different valuation methods, sets forth the advantages and disadvantages of each method, at the same time, introduces rim, eva and ddm valuation methods
本文共分五部分：第一部分介紹企業價值概念；第二、三、四部分分別介紹了現金流量折現法、市場比較評估法、調整賬面價值法三種企業價值評估方法，並對每種方法的關鍵理論問題做出了闡述；第五部分對這些評估方法進行了比較研究，分析了各方法的優點和不足，提出了各方法的適用范圍，並簡要介紹了rim 、 eva和ddm三種國外較新的價值評估方法。According to the difference of the using characters of buildings, the heating system is divided into two categories, the continuous heating system and the intermittent heating system. to the intermittent heating system, it is essential to estimate accurately the preheat time. overestimation of preheat will cause unnecessary energy wastage whilst underestimation will lead to a loss of comfort conditions at the start of occupancy
對預熱時間過分的估計（即tp的估計值大於實際值）會使在工作期未到來前房間的溫度已經達到了舒適溫度，這將導致燃料的浪費；反之，對預熱時間估計不足（即tp的估計值小於實際值）將使在工作期到來時房間的溫度還未達到舒適溫度，這使人覺得不舒適。We develops programs tailored to meet their client ' s goals and exceed their expectations, focusing on : long - term reinforcement training, sales and customer service training, mystery shopping & on - line scoring system, customer and employee surveys, etc
我們開發的解決方案不僅滿足客戶的需求，更超出客戶期望值，方案包括長期強化培訓、銷售及對客服務培訓、神秘購物及網路評估工具、員工及賓客滿意度調查等。This ensures that the students can finish the task in a short time. of course, it does n ' t mean that the teacher has done all for students, for the students still need to read, select, dispose and process the resource provided by teacher. the teaching under network environment is to emphasize on the development of the students " ability not just the knowledge they gained
Webquest很好的解決了這個問題，既能比較充分的利用網路資源，又不至於使學生在網上耗費太多的時間，原因是每一個webquest都是經過教師精心設計的，包括webquest的主題、任務、過程、評估等，特別是在資源的使用上，教師在設計webquest的時候已經對網上的資源進行了精心的挑選，保證所選的網頁對學生的學習是有價值的和足夠的，這樣做保證了學生在較短的時間內完成學習任務。This part put forward the system conception of kdd and the apriori algorithm. then evolved the create - frequent - set algorithm which was fit for the freight agent management system. because of the shortage of efficiency, 1 improved the algorithm. because some of the items were not boolean variables, 1 need the quantitaitve attributes association rules discovering algorithm. in general, there had the levels among the items, so multilevel association rules existed. after perfecting the algorithmic need interpret and evaluate the knowledge. in the end, 1 discussed the privacy and security of kdd. the fifth part described the future problems and prospect
第四章是論文的主體，著重介紹知識發現的全過程，按照semma方法論首先進行數據準備，然後進入數據挖掘階段，提出知識發現的概念體系和公認的apriori演算法，從該演算法演變出適合於貨代管理系統的生成頻繁項目集的演算法；因為在實際應用中存在效率上的不足，因此進一步地提出了改進方案；在事務處理中各個項目並不都是布爾型變量，因此需要特定的針對多值屬性的關聯規則發現演算法；通常情況下，項目之間存在有層次關系，因此多層次關聯規則的發現普遍存在；演算法完善並運行后需要對發現的知識進行解釋和評估；本章的最後討論了知識發現的私有性和安全性問題；第五章講述有待解決的問題和發展前景。Then, further comment is given out on the application of embedded value in the management process of marketing based on analyzing the shortcomings of rules that are set by circ and the calculation of a traditional participating endowment insurance. i hope that this paper will deepen the understanding of embedded value theory and provide some clues when pushing ev into management of value improvement
文章在分析了中國保險監督管理委員會相關規定的不足的基礎上，進一步提出應用內含價值法于展業過程中的績效評估以及薪酬激勵方面的觀點和措施，希望以此加深人們對內含價值理論方面的理解，同時對于應用價值評估方法到公司日常經營管理上能夠有所啟發。Value assessment system is the kernel to strategy alliance. the traditional cash flow analysis method hardly assess the value of high tech enterprise correctly, while the option pricing theory can compensate the traditional pricing method shortage
價值評估機制是風險投資戰略聯盟的重要機制，傳統現金流分析法難以準確評估高新技術企業的價值，但期權定價理論卻可彌補傳統定價方法的不足。The paper gave out that these problems were resulted in the challenge of conflict of individual value and community value, the shock of value pluralist trend, the influence of diversity of value idealism and customs, the improper deal with the contradiction of social fair principle and social utility, and unbalance of development caused by region variety, also the paper explains that labor - technology education is the important way to promote the junior middle school students " allover development by enucleating that labor - technology education has the functions such as grooming virtues, enlightening wisdom, benefiting goodness, strengthening mind and body, accelerating creation and exercising living and practice ability
本文討論了初中階段勞動技術教育的內涵及其結構，分析了當代初中勞動技術教育存在著的諸如制度欠缺、教材陳舊、方法簡單、投入不足、師資不穩、評估薄弱等一系列問題，並認為產生這些問題的根源在於：個體價值與群體價值沖突帶來的挑戰、價值多元化趨勢的沖擊、價值目標的理想性與世俗性對立造成的影響、社會公正原則與社會功利矛盾的處理不當以及地域差異導致的發展失衡。At last, it made a conclusion that the profit method is close to the internal valuation of brand and it is the most reasonable method which value property according to profit
最終得出收益現值法在我國現行市場條件下，不但可以滿足需要而且其評估值也最接近商標內在價值，是最為合理的一種評估方法。分享友人