元載 的英文怎麼說

As a mix - mode chip, the application - specific controller including analog signal and digital signal processing block can be applied to receiving, amplifying, processing, controlling signals of pir, and offer a wide application in some fields. in analog circuits, by sub - threshold mosfet, a self - bias current source is presented, which has a high power supply restrain ratio and a complementary to absolute temperature characters

這款晶元是一款數模混合晶元，包括模擬信號處理（含模數介面模塊）和數字信號處理兩大模塊，完整實現對紅外信號的接收、放大、處理、控制，產生有效數字電平驅動繼電器、可控硅等負載，應用於自動燈等多種場合。

Fist of all, on the basis of the research of agone boffins, this author investigates the interaction mechanism of bolts and rock, and introduces the elastic ? lastic analytical resolution which is consist of the liner structure, the equivalent reinforced wall rock and the original wall rock in the simple loading from the equivalent well - proportioned view ; this solution is very important meaning for the engineering design. on the basis of coulomb friction model, the author introduces the finite element equation of the contact problem in order to provide the academic foundation for the application of msc. marc. finally, combining the engineering practice of the non - linear analysis of shield tunnel through yellow river of the south - north water transfer and using the model of friction, the author researched the evolution law of stress and displacement field in the structure of grouted rock bolts, and analyzed the effect to the stress and deformation of surrounding rock mass due to anchor supports

首先，在前人研究成果的基礎上，對錨桿與圍巖的相互作用機理進行研究，利用全長錨固錨桿的中性點理論，從等效均化的角度來考慮錨桿對圍巖的加固作用，並推導了在簡單荷載作用下，含有襯砌、等效加固后的圍巖、原始圍巖三者的彈塑性解析解，對工程設計有著重要的參考意義；在數值模擬方面，以考慮錨固圍巖滿足規則化庫侖摩擦模型為基礎，利用虛功原理推導了接觸問題的有限元方程的計算格式，為開發運用大型商用有限元軟體msc . marc提供了理論根據，也形成了本文的理論基礎：最後，論文以南水北調東線穿黃隧洞穩定性分析項目為工程實例，利用本文所述的接觸問題的摩擦模型理論，對錨桿支護結構的應力場、位移場的變化規律進行了研究，分析了加錨支護對隧洞圍巖應力、變形的影響。

An aqueous caustic solution removes carrier gas impurities harmful to the detector cell.

苛性堿溶液去除運載氣體中對檢測元件有害的雜質。

Based on the analysis of mechanism for joint region, the " frame - wall " and " aslope compression stub column " mechanical models and yielding patterns of core zone of the joints are set up. the shear load - carrying formulation for joint core zone is also given in terms of plastic ultimate analysis. and then, the comparisons between the formulas given in this paper and that of chinese design code ( draft ) and nonlinear fem as well are presented

對節點核心區的抗剪，通過受力機理的分析，建立了鋼「框架剪力墻」加混凝土「斜壓短受力體系及其屈服機制，根據塑性極限分析，給出了節點核心區抗剪承載力計算的迭加公式， 《規程》公式和非線性有限元近似模擬分析結果進行了比較。

With the help of the electronic computers, engineers employ it to figure out nearly all kinds of engineering problems ranging from astronavigation, construction, waterpower projects, ship - building and mechanical engineering etc. owing to the strong power of finite element method, one kind of software pack which based on the method is exploited and named algor feas to resolve problems on structure analysis for trusses and shells. this paper also employ algor feas software pack to analyze and compute the cableway towers, giving the accurate result on stress and displacement both in location and whole. finally, we also bring out some advice on structure improving

在此分析過程中：首先將物理模型簡化為力學模型，主要是將塔架結構按空間桿單元簡化為空間桁架結構，目的是將力學模型變換為數學模型；這一過程主要是利用autocad2000建立塔架的計算模型；再者，利用algorfeas軟體包讀入autocad建立的塔架計算模型生成初始數據卡利用計算機進行編程進行風載計算，再將計算結論整合入algorfeas產生的初始數據卡中，生成計算數據卡；接著，利用algorfeas軟體包計算塔架在不同載荷情況下的應力圖，位移圖，並且求出在不同載荷條件下的最大位移和最大應力等；然後，對塔架的穩定性進行分析；最後；根據計算結果提出改進建議。

This paper mainly aims at the characteristics of the hardware and software structure of the parallel computer on satellite, and has fulfilled researches of fault tolerant technique in three aspects of control theories and engineering : the first research of the system level fault - tolerant module is based on the system structure of the parallel computer on satellite, a kind of cold backup module and a kind of hot backup module for multiprocessor computer have been put forward. then the research of software fault tolerant technique which is based on the operate system named rtems has been carried, the mission level fault - tolerate arithmetic and the system level fault - tolerate mechanism and strategies based on the check point technique have been put forward, at the same time the self - repair technique of software which has used the technique of system re - inject has been studied. finally the technique of components level fault - tolerant based on fpga has been studied, a kind of two level fault - tolerant project which aims at the fault - tolerant module of the parallel computer on satellite has been put forward, and the augmentative of circuit that project design realization need is little, this project can avoid any breakdown of any part logic circuit of the fpga

本課題主要針對星載并行計算機體系結構及軟體結構的特點，從如下三個方面進行了容錯控制理論研究和實踐工作:首先進行了基於星載多cpu并行計算機體系結構的系統級容錯模型研究，提出了一種多cpu冷備份容錯模型和一種多cpu熱備份容錯模型;然後進行了基於rtems操作系統的軟體容錯技術研究，提出了任務級容錯調度演算法以及基於檢查點技術的系統級容錯恢復機制和策略，同時研究了利用系統重注入進行軟體在線自修復的容錯技術;最後研究了基於fpga的部件級容錯技術，提出了對容錯模塊這一星載并行計算機關鍵部件的兩級容錯方案，實現該方案所需增加的電路少，可避免板級晶元以及fpga晶元內部任何邏輯發生單點故障。

Accelerometer is the main inertia measurement device of inertia measure - ment and navigation system, it ’ s mainly used to measure the acceleration of carrier, and we can get the velocity and displacement of carrier from acceleration, so it ’ s wildly used in spaceflight, avigation, navigation and other fields, the capabilities of accelerometer are of the key function in the whole system

加速度計是慣性測量和導航系統的主要慣性元件之一，主要用於測量運載體的加速度值，而通過加速度又可以得到運載體的速度和位移，所以被廣泛應用於航天、航空和航海等領域，其性能的好壞在整個系統中起著關鍵性的作用。

In view of bearing capacity of the elastoplastic theory analysis, the author made a comparison between the achieved bearing capacity limit load pi / 4 of round base ( space problem ) and the limit load pi / 4 of bar groundwork foundation design ( plane problem ) from soil mechanics at home and abroad as well as foundation criterion, and explained why the value of formula in present design criterion from soil mechanics is inclined to be conservative. in the light of the author ' s many years experience of vibration test on the spot and the research work of relevant projects, the author worked over the dynamic pile testing of the bearing capacity of foundation and batholith, and gathered the parameter of dynamic analysis and testing. the author also talked over the difficult point of pile foundation design criteria in present batholith engineering world, i. e. the confirmation of batholith bearing capacity of pile end, from the following aspects : a ) confirmation of single axis counter - pressure strength of rock in house ; b ) f. e. m calculation of elastoplastic model ; c ) calculation of soil mechanics ; d ) deep well load test

然後，對巖土工程領域至今尚未解決，甚至不為人注意的考慮地基變形的地基承載力問題進行了實用化的探討，提出了考慮地基變形的地基承載力上程計算方法；對基於彈塑性理論分析的地基承載力國內尚未見報道的空間問題得到了圓形基礎（空間問題）的承載力界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，並與國內外土力學專著及地基基礎設計規范中的條形基礎（平面問題）的界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，進行了對比，從而定量上解釋了目前設計規范引用土力學承載力公式值偏於保守的這一情況；根據本文作者多年從事現場地基工程振動試驗及相關課題的研究工作，本文以截頭錐模型模擬地基，對地基（巖基）承載力的動測法進行了研究，為各類地基（包括巖基） ，匯總了動力分析和檢測川的參數：針對日前巖土工程界應用樁基設計規范中的難點? ?樁端巖基承載力的確定問題，從巖石室內單軸抗壓強度確定、基於彈塑性模型的有限單元法計算、土力學計算及深斤載荷試驗四方面進行了深入討論；本文作者根據多年現場載荷試驗的工程實踐，對深井荷試驗裝置的核心部分? ?反力裝置，設計了側壁支撐反力加載系統，該加載系統具有實用、簡便、穩定及安個等優點。

In summary the major research work in this thesis can be drawn as follows : 1. the techncal data and research information from woridwide aviation history about bird striking to airframe have been collected and reviewed more carefully the evolutions of bird striking load models and fem numerical compatation methods to bird strike also have been sununarized. this informational research makes great help to position further thesis work scientifically 2

本文研究工作可歸納總結為以下三個方面： 1 、較全面整理綜述了鳥體撞擊飛機結構在國內外航空史上的技術資料以及鳥撞問題理論與工程研究的歷史沿革，總結了撞擊載荷研究模型、有限元數值計算方法的發展歷程等，明確了本文研究工作的科學定位。

The scielltific computational theories and methods on bird strike to the windshield of aircraft have been systematically studied and summed up in this thesis, such as fem comptltational principles and procedures to elastic dynamic problems under the conditions of small and non - linear finite deformation, 3d viscous elastic constitutive theory and incremelltal expression under the consideration of the rate effect of non - metallic materials like the aircraft windshield, and the numerical compatational principles and key constitutions for impact - contact dynamic subjects

2 、系統學習並歸納總結了鳥體撞擊風擋結構問題中的科學計算理論與計算方法。按照鳥撞問題數值計算方法逐步深入的思路，系統總結了小變形結構動力學有限元數值計算方法、有限變形的幾何非線性有限元數值計算方法、粘彈性體非線性形變的本構物理關系；對于實施復雜結構有限元動力學計算的載荷增量方法提出了對newmark差分的改進以及進行材料與幾何非線性數值計算的細致步驟。

By analyzed interactions of combined limit pipe load components, simplified check formula for pipe load strength are put forward and the calculation method of relevant allowable pipe load values based on shell finite element analysis is presented as well

通過對組合極限接管載荷分量相互關系的分析，提出了接管載荷強度驗算簡化公式和以殼結構有限元應力分析為基礎的許用接管載荷計算方法。

Chiral quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized from cinchonine in cinchona alkaloids using chloromethylated polystyrene - polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and glycol as polymer - supported phase transfer catalysts, finsl products were characterized by ftir, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, x - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( xps )

摘要以金雞納生物堿中的辛可寧為原料，氯甲基化聚苯乙烯聚乙二醇、一縮二乙二醇、二縮三乙二醇、乙二醇等為載體合成了幾種聚合物負載的手性季銨鹽，並對它們的結構用紅外光譜、元素分析、掃描電鏡和x射線光電子能譜等測試手段進行了表徵。

The materials as explant in transformation come from birch leaf, stem segment and leaf stalk, and the spider toxin gene was used as foreign gene for this transformation experiment. it showed that the best explant was the big leaf, on which the transformation frequency was 22 %. by gus detection, there were 43 percent of the plants with kanamycin resistance, and 100 percent of positive result, by pcr amplification, was gotten from random sampling

利用雙元載體的根癌農桿菌lba4404菌株（ agrobacteriumtumefaciens ） ，含質粒pyhy （目的基因及npt 、 gus基因） ，對白樺試管苗莖段，葉柄，葉片三種外植體進行侵染，結果表明：大葉片生長勢強，為轉基因的最優外植體，轉化率能夠達到22 。

Electronic components. chip carrier

電子元件.晶元載體

Sectional specification for sockets for chip carriers for use in electronic equipment

電子設備用晶元載體插座分規范

In the study of floral - dip method, flowering inflorescences of oilseed rape growing in field are immersed in floral - dip solution resuspended with cultured agrobacterium tumefaciens lba4404 or eha105, resided binary plasmid pbi121

在油菜花序浸泡法（ noraldip ）轉基因的研究中，用含雙元載體及報告基因的農桿菌在生產大田直接浸染正在開放的油菜花朵。

Sander ， f. e. a. （ 1985 ） ， “ alternative methods of dispute resolution ： an overview ” ， （ 37 ） university of florida law review ， 1 - 8

蘇力， 1996a ： 「法律規避與法律多元」 ，載蘇力： 《法治及其本土資源》 ，中國政法大學出版社。

They indicated that ecbp21 may have some relative with the response to stress treatments. further more, we constructed the binary vector containing ecbp21 - gfp chimeric gene and got transgenic plants by using the agrobacterium vacuum infiltration method

4 .初步開展了轉基因研究:為了進一步確定ecbp21在植物生長發育過程中的作用，構建了ecbp21植物表達二元載體，通過真空滲透法轉化了擬南芥並獲得了轉基因植株。

The chimeric gene was introduced into arabidopsis through the method of vacuum infiltration which is widely used in arobidopsis tansformation. transgenic plants were screened by means of kanamycin resistance and further identified by genomic pcr and western blotting, through the phenotype observation of transgenic plants, the speculation that apoplast calmodulin may play a certain role in regulating the development and growth of plants was made

最後，融合基因被插入二元載體plbj21 ，通過電擊法轉入農桿菌gv3101 ，真空滲入法轉入了擬南芥，轉基因擬南芥通過kan抗性篩選而得到，並進一步進行了基因組pcr鑒定和western雜交的鑒定。

2. an anther specific chimaeric male sterile gene expression box with a enhanced promoter ( ta29 ) driving coda gene was constructed and the expression box was inserted into binary vector p3301 that contains a l - phosphinothricin ( ppt ) - resistant selective marker gene and - glucuronidase ( gus ) reporter gene in t - dna region

以增強的ta29啟動子驅動克隆的coda基因，構建成花藥特異性嵌合基因表達盒；將此表達盒插入雙元載體p3301 ，構建成以ppt抗性基因為選擇標記，以gus為報告基因的植物表達載體。