壟斷價格制定 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lǒngduànjiàgézhìdìng]
壟斷價格制定 英文
monopolistic price setting
  • 壟 : 名詞1. （耕地上培成的土埂） ridge 2. （田地分界的稍稍高起的小路） raised path between fields3. （像壟的東西） ridge-like things
  • 斷 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分成段） break; snap 2 （斷絕;隔斷） break off; cut off; stop 3 （戒除） give up; abstai...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 格 : 格象聲詞rattle; gurgle
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 壟斷 : monopolize; forestall; monopoly
  • 價格 : price; tariff
  1. Pricing decisions made in a collusive atmosphere come close to monopoly pricing.

    在勾結的情況下制定的價格，接近於壟斷價格。
  2. The text study water supply pricing at theoretic and practice include below contents : the theoretic of water supply pricing : 1 ) the meanings and pricing of public utility : the public utility ' s habitude determines the monopolization position, but the pricing still suffer the government ' s strict control

    本文就供水價格的制定，從理論與實證兩個方面進行了研究，主要包括以下內容：供水價格理論： 1 ）公用事業的含義及定價理論：公用事業的特性決定了其自然壟斷地位，但其產品定價仍要受到政府的嚴格管制。
  3. Government ' s monopoly of capital market also leaded to the " shell " value of listed company which is irrelative to the company ' s invest value, which made the higher general price in the market. in addition to, the structure of investors which is consisting of many individual investors and few institution investors lets it easy to manipulate the stock market for the institution investors. according to the origins of the systematic risk, it is necessary to improve the market mechanism and market efficiency to eliminate the system root of the risk to decrease the risks

    突出地表現在：資本市場服務于國企轉制，造成上市公司股權結構存在缺陷，致使公司治理失效，上市公司缺乏持續發展的能力，公司經營風險轉化為市場的系統性風險；政府對資本市場準入的行政性壟斷，形成上市公司「殼」價值，虛高股票市場價格，引發系統性風險；金融市場分割，特別是貨幣市場資金缺乏進入資本市場的正常渠道，利率市場化水平低，影響金融資產定價，導致違規融資盛行，加大了市場風險；而由於市場監管不到位，以散戶為主的投資主體結構，則易導致機構大戶利用內幕信息操縱股價，機構投資者的發展不僅沒有成為穩定市場的力量，反而成為操縱市場的主力，加劇了市場波動。
  4. Next analyzed were the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission ; cost, ratemaking principle, method of acquiring the pipeline transmission fee, constitution, calculate, management and control after that, wt ; compared service cost methods with economic evaluation methods and the one - part pricing method with the two - part pricing method. later on was introduced the regulate coefficient of pipeline transmission fee structure, established the modificatory two - part pricing method, and found out a natural gas pipeline transmission pricing method that is fit for china ' s current situation. finally, we validated the rationality and applicability of this metho j by the demonstrational analysis on the natural gas pipeline transmission price of " the gas transmission from west to east " pipeline this paper ' s research fundamental is : the fundamental of natural gas pipeline transmission pricing should reflect the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission

    本文首先論述了自然壟斷行業的價格理論，然後分析了天然氣管輸的特點、定價原則及管輸費的收取方式、成本、構成、計算及其管理與調控；在此基礎上比較了中外天然氣管輸定價的服務成本法與經濟評價法，一部制定價法與兩部制定價法等；針對目前我國天然氣管道運價的制定現狀，本文深入研究了國際通用的天然氣管輸定價方法，引入「管輸費結構調整系數」的指標，建立修正的兩部制定價方法，找出了一套適合於我國當前國情的恰當的天然氣管輸定價方法，並通過「西氣東輸」管線加以實證分析，驗證了方法的合理性和適用性。
  5. 4. analyse the forms of water rights trade and put forward several trade ways, then introduce water rights market and several kinds of pricing, and set up two - part tariff of the transfer of water rights finally

    研究水權交易的種類並提出回購協議和抵押貸款的交易方式，然後介紹壟斷市場和水權市場，以及壟斷市場的幾種定價方式，最後建立水權轉讓的兩部制價格模型。
  6. The real estate development cost control methods are specified of decision, design, execution stage to reduce the construction cost, and it is compiling feasibility study report and capital invest estimation in decision, optimizing the design scheme and designed rationally in the technique and construction drawing design stage, electing rational construction scheme in construction stage, controlling the change in the work and field visas strictly, examining and approving budge detailed, budge planning use the quantities list, electing the best subcontractor, preventing some monopoly raise the price, collecting the detailed data in the fieldwork, making strict bargain

    討論了房地產開發項目的決策階段、設計階段、實施階段分別需要採取的相關措施和方法，以盡量降低項目的工程造價，即在決策階段編寫詳細的可行性研究報告和編制投資估算；在設計階段優化設計方案，進行合理的技術設計和施工圖設計；在實施階段選擇合理的施工方案，嚴格控制工程變更和現場簽證，嚴格審核工程施工圖預算，工程造價的預算採用工程量清單報價，擇優確定專業分包單位，防止少數壟斷性行業任意抬價，深入現場，收集和掌握施工有關資料，制定嚴密的合同條款。
  7. With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior

    傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。
  8. For example, the administratively monopolized access regulation that caused the upper section ( railway network operation ) and lower section ( the transportation businesses ) integrated ; the relatively closed investment mechanism that at first mainly depended on government allocation, then mainly relied on railway ' s building fund ; the price regulation that controls the right of price setting strictly and keeps a low price level for a long time ; the income distribution regulation that with its income and expense carried out in two separate ways ; finally, the regulation framework that with the roles wrongly arranged and with inadequate supervision and lagged legislation

    由此可以看出，我國鐵路規制體制的計劃經濟痕跡非常明顯：在進入上，實行「上下一體」的行政性壟斷；在投資上，實行先以國家為主而後以鐵路建設基金為主的相對封閉的投資體制；在運價上，國家嚴格控制定價權，並長期以來保持低價位；在收益分配上，實行收支兩條線的清算制度；最後，在規制的組織架構方面，不僅角色錯位，而且缺乏監督，立法滯后。
  9. The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as the followings : l ) deducing and proving the " three in one " theory of natural monopoly, that is, from the angles of economies of scale, economies of scope and economies of network, giving an explanation of natural monopoly ; 2 ) putting forward the concept of " strict superadditivity " and proving that total value function and total revenue function of network economy have strict superadditivity ; 3 ) summarizing the emerging characteristics in the market definition of natural monopoly, that is, in the monopoly industry, " market " tends to be more and more smaller than " industry " ; 4 ) expounding that the objective patterns of regulatory reforms of the railway industry in china are explicit regulation with partly characteristics of implicit regulation ; 5 ) proving the idea that the structural reforms of the railway industry in china should be hierarchical ; 6 ) demonstrating the theoretical bases for whether infrastructure management should be separated from transpo rt operation ; 7 ) expounding and proving that the interior of the railway industry in china should implement the differential property rights reform pattern

    本文的研究特點在於： （ 1 ）在規模經濟、范圍經濟的基礎上進一步推導並證明了網路經濟與自然壟斷的關系，即自然壟斷可以從規模經濟、范圍經濟、網路經濟三個角度來解釋論述； （ 2 ）明確提出了一個與鮑莫爾、潘澤與威利格等人提出的「成本劣加性」相類似的概念? ?價值優加性，並證明了網路經濟的總價值函數和總收益函數具有嚴格優加性； （ 3 ）概括了自然壟斷市場界定中所出現的新特徵，即在壟斷產業中， 「市場」正越來越小於「產業」 ； （ 4 ）進一步論證了中國鐵路產業規制創新的目標模式是兼有部分內生規制特點的外生規制； （ 5 ）在中國鐵路產業的結構改革中應體現分層次的思想； （ 6 ）明確論述了內容提要鐵路路網公司等自然壟斷環節是否分割的理論基礎; （ 7 ）提出並進一步證明了中國鐵路產業內部應實行差異化的產權改革模式。
  10. Yet intellectual property ' s legal monopolization is a decisive factor of franchisor ' s right in restricting franchisee ' s activities in their contract to some extent. at the same time, franchise also involves three parties of franchisor, franchisee, and other relevant competitors and includes competitive relation in terms of the horizontal and vertical levels. besides, a franchisor tends to use his advantages to abuse his rights, restricting competition against the anti - monopoly law such as tied selling, resale price maintenance and regional restrictions, when he signs a contract with a franchisor

    因為特許經營與壟斷專營有相似之處，在特許經營中，特許人（或稱特許權人）通過特許經營合同將其所擁有的商標、商號、專利或專有技術等使用權授予被特許人，這就涉及到知識產權、產品銷售權、技術技巧等的轉讓，而知識產權本身的合法壟斷性質決定了特許人在特許經營合同中有權對被特許人的活動進行一定的限制；同時，特許經營又涉及特許人、被特許人和其他相關競爭者，包含橫向、縱向兩個層次的競爭關系，特許人與被特許人簽訂特許經營合同時，極有可能利用其優勢地位濫用特許權，做出搭售、維持轉售價格、區域限制等與反壟斷法相抵觸的限制競爭行為。
  11. Third, on the condition that demand may fluctuate randomly, the paper studies the pricing methods to the information production, emphases studies methods of production determining and pricing upon condition that the demand function of the information production is linearly. considering the monopoly of the information production, this paper studies the problem of third - degree discrimination pricing in the scenario of no capability limit and in the scenario of capability planning respectively. in every scenario, we present decision methods of third - degree discrimination pricing for producing according to order form and for no ordering respectively

    三、信息產品的市場需求函數可能發生隨機擾動，本文對在需求函數發生隨機擾動的情形下信息產品廠商如何進行定價進行了研究，並重點研究了信息產品需求函數具有線性結構時產量和價格的決策問題；同時考慮到信息產品的壟斷性，分析了當信息產品壟斷廠商擁有幾個相互隔離的子市場時，如何對其產品進行三度差別定價，具體的研究針對信息產品廠商在「沒有生產容量限制」和「要求生產容量設計」兩種情形下展開，在每一種情形下，又分「按訂單組織生產」和「沒有訂單可以利用」兩種情況分別進行研究，給出了信息產品三度差別定價決策的模型和求解。
  12. Sixth : no reasonable price system in the natural monopoly industry. charter three chiefly entitles the experiences of natural monopoly industry price regulation about the typical market - economy country. after analyzing the regulation to natural monopoly industry and its price in america, japan, england, the author draws the general rule that the government regulates natural monopoly industry and its price

    通過對美國、日本、英國對自然壟斷行業及其價格管制的分析，得出發達國家對自然壟斷行業及其價格進行管制的一般經驗，主要表現在價格管制的原則、管制價格的確定方法、價格管制的保障體系幾個方面，並簡單論述發達國家價格管制的新趨勢：放鬆管制、引競爭。
  13. Besides introduction of regulations in several countries and regions, this chapter stresses on the excessive pricing and regulation of natural monopoly enterprises, hi the author ' s opinion, it is necessary to regulate natural monopoly enterprises through law considering the possibility and reality of excessive pricing. both the investment returns price regulation in u. s. and the maximum price regulation in u. k. have advantages respectively. however, an incentive price regulation will be more appropriate for natural monopoly enterprises

    作者認為，由於自然壟斷企業存在超高定價的可能性與現實性，政府以立法的形式對自然壟斷企業進行規制是必需的，美國法上的投資回報率價格規制和英國法上的最高限價規制方法各有長處，設立一種激勵性的價格規制方法更符合自然壟斷企業的經營情況。
  14. We should not underestimate the effects of outside competition and also should strengthen supervision and management from the government. with regards to the railway management model, this paper figures that, considering the reality of our transportation systems, we can choose a mixed model named " separation of infrastructure from operation + regional companies " and at the same time, we should effectively deal with the matter of ' way access authority "

    關于鐵路運價政策的問題，本文分析了鐵路的壟斷性對運價的影響，認為，放開鐵路運價后鐵路形成壟斷價格的可能性不大，因此不會導致鐵路運價的上漲;分析了鐵路運價的機理，闡述了運能對運價影響的間接性和不確定性，運量對鐵路運價影響的直接性、周期性和雙向性，競爭對運價影響的抑制性和不平衡性。
  15. As a form of abuse of dominant position, predatory pricing is prohibited by antitrust law. predatory pricing is so similar to normal competition that there is no consensus about whether it should be prohibited or how it should be regulated

    掠奪性定價作為濫用市場支配地位的范型之一為反壟斷法所規制，由於掠奪性定價行為與正常的價格競爭行為極為相似，就是否應當規制或者應當如何規制問題，均有很大爭議。
  16. Study on product pricing of successive monopolistic upstream and downstream firms under different price regulations

    連續壟斷的上下游企業在價格管制條件下的產品定價研究
  17. To coordinate the conflict, this paper suggests that we should, definitude the value orientation of both laws ; prescribe the coherent criteria to judge for illegal price behaviors in both laws ; prescribe the coherent adjusting measures on illegal price behaviors in both laws ; and have the exemption in anti - monopoly linked to related contents in the price law

    為協調反壟斷法和價格法之間的沖突，應該明確兩部法律各自的價值取向；在兩部法律中規定相銜接的價格違法行為界定標準；在兩部法律中規定相銜接的價格違法行為調整方式；利用反壟斷法的豁免制度與價格法相關內容進行銜接。
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