實尺發展 的英文怎麼說

And then, metal structure with aspect ratio 30 was obtained in our laboratory. eventually, a few micro parts with high aspect ratio were fabricated by liga process under the optimum condition. there were key parts of micro thruster, netlike nickel antielectron modulator, micro copper radiator, stainless steel micro components and many filter mediums with different shapes and dimensions

最後，我們利用liga技術加工的獨特優點，以發展其高深寬比技術的實際應用，先後製作了狹縫陣列鎳結構微推進器關鍵部件、薄壁網狀多孔鎳結構正電子慢化體、微型銅結構換熱氣和多種材料不同、尺寸各異的過濾介質，還結合利用liga技術和微細電火花技術的加工優點，製作出了不銹鋼微結構

The exclusive use of income per capita as a measurement of development can therefore lead(and has, in fact, led)to the welfare of vast numbers of people.

因此，孤立地使用人均收入作為發展的尺度，能導致（事實上已導致了）對廣大人民福利有害的經濟政策。

The important meaning in which this direction studied has lain in establishing the connection between the material science of concrete and civil engineering, analyse the strength in terms of material microcosmic or the mesoscopic, have important meaning to understanding, know the essential law of the strength of concrete. this text divides six chapters altogether. chapter one reviewed the pore structure in nowadays domestic and international research current situation, including the concrete examines research, research of the pore structure model and the research current situations of pore structure and strength relation of the pore method, have introduced some most important achievements of structure research of pore ; chapter two narrated much yardstick of the material mesoscopic structure of concrete and principle of examining pore technology of material of concrete, and the commonly used sign parameter in discussedding the pore and material pore of quito of cement and analyse, have explained that the influence factor of mip to the result of study of pore, has pointed out the limitation in mip in the pore structure ; analyse porosity and strength relation development course of model emphatically, and has carried on comparative analysis to the existing model, has pointed out the weak point of the original model ; on the basis of " ing integrate synthetically ", propose concrete pore structure compound body model and pore physical model of systemlex body ; chapter five carried on the corresponding test data to compares to the model parameter appearing in model of chapter four with and analyses, have received k value of the characteristic of strength of matrices of reflecting according to the method to return to analysis, and calculate the influence produced on the strength of concrete in revision that can probed into the content of cement, elastic mould and surface energy, exactness of the inspection model ; chapter six is the conclusion, according to studying the survey this text to some research conclusions of the pore structure and making corresponding prospect to the structure development of pore

第一章回顧了孔結構在當今國內外的研究現狀，包括混凝土測孔方法的研究、孔結構模型的研究及孔結構與強度關系的研究現狀，介紹了孔結構研究方面的一些最重要的成果；第二章敘述了混凝土材料細觀結構的多尺度性及混凝土材料測孔技術的原理，並討論了水泥基多孔材料孔隙分析中常用的表徵參數，也說明了壓汞法測孔對研究結果的影響因素，指出了壓汞法在孔結構研究中的局限性；第三章是著重分析了孔隙率與強度關系模型的發展歷程，並對已有的模型進行了比較分析，指出了原有模型的不足之處；第四章在「綜合集成」的基礎上，提出了混凝土孔結構復合體模型和孔系統的物理模型，並模擬了該模型下由各單體並聯形成的復合體的斷裂過程，最後根據所建模型編制了相應的計算程序，可根據輸入的孔徑分佈與水泥含量等參數，實現混凝土理論強度的計算；第五章對第四章模型中出現的模型參數進行了相應的試驗數據對比分析，根據回歸分析的方法得到了反映基體強度特徵的k值，並從理論上探討了水泥含量、彈性模量和表面能的修正對混凝土強度計算產生的影響，檢驗模型的正確性；第六章是結論與展望，根據研究綜述了本文對孔結構的一些研究結論並對孔結構發展作了相應的展望。

So the true variety of martian mineralogy started to become apparent only in 2001, when themis, an infrared camera that my group developed for another nasa orbiter, mars odyssey, began mapping the planet with 100 - meter resolution

因此直到2001年themis （我的研究團隊為nasa的另一艘軌道船火星奧德賽號所發展的紅外線攝影機）開始以100公尺的解析度描繪火星，實際的火星礦物種類才變得明確。

Besides, on the basis of real estate sevices, together with operated instances, chengdu chidu corporation constantly studies and learns from realistic problems on synthetic development of land, plan of tourism, management of cities and development of regional economy, and accumulates rich practical experience on scheming the development of towns, counties, cities and economy developing district, therefore, she is able to offer long - term counsellorship service and operation service on the spot

此外，在房地產項目服務基礎之上，成都尺度結合項目操作實力，持續探索總結土地綜合開發、旅遊規劃、城市經營和區域經濟發展的現實問題，積累了鎮域、縣域、市域和開發區經濟發展區域策劃的豐富實踐經驗，長期提供顧問和實地操作服務。

Abstract : the application and development of urban digital cartography are discussed with urban 1 500 digital areo - photogrammetry

文摘:本文基於實際應用，結合城市航測1 500大比例尺數字化地形圖的實踐，討論了城市數字化制圖的應用及發展前景。

According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。

Because meiyu rainstorm happens quickly, predicts in short time and often causes disaster. so study on the mechanism of mesoscale rainstorm system has a great value

由於梅雨暴雨突發性強、預報時效短，常造成重大自然災害，研究梅雨暴雨中尺度系統的發生發展機理，具有重要的理論和實際意義。

Strongly strengthening of the low level jet and releasing of the latent heat of condensation have effect on the occurrance of the disturbance of the moist potential vorticity in low lever, which is important conditions to the genesis and development of mesoscale vortex

低空急流的加強以及凝結潛熱的釋放均可以影響到低層濕位渦擾動的產生，從而有利於中尺度低渦的生成和發展。減弱低空急流的對比實驗證明了低空急流在對流層中低層中尺度低渦的生成和發展過程中起著關鍵性作用。

It is developed from large - scale objective model experiment to reduced scale model experiment ; from simple mechanics device to various advanced detecting device ; and the theory is developed from elastic mechanics, plastic mechanics to fracture mechanics and damage mechanics. the study of concrete fracture has also developed from macro - level to meso - level

從大型的實物模型試驗，到各種縮尺模型試驗；從簡單的力學儀器，到各種先進探測儀器的使用；理論上也由彈性力學、塑性力學發展到了斷裂力學、損傷力學等，對混凝土斷裂問題的研究，更是由宏觀領域進入了細觀層次。

Thirdly, the mathematics model of forecasting low flow was established in fengcong and fenglin regions according to these factors influencing the amount of low flow in karst drainage ( the area of drainage, lithology, the type of landforms and its special assembly and forest ) the conception of low water resources carrying capacity was first put forward according to the changing law of low water resources in space and the situation of exploitation and utilization in karst drainage ( ie, under the condition of the virtuous ecological environment and the available technology, the explorable amount of water resources in certain areas is capacity and limitation which is able to coordinate the development of population, enviroment and economy during the period of low flow seasons ) and preliminarily analyzed its connotation, characteristic and established the index system of low flow in karst drainage

三是根據影響喀斯特流域枯水徑流的下墊面因素（空間尺度、巖性、地貌類型、植被） ，分別對峰叢和峰林等喀斯特地區建立枯水徑流預測模型。根據喀斯特流域枯水資源的空間變化規律以及實際開發利用狀況，首次提出了枯水資源承載力的概念，即在枯水季節期間，保持良性的生態環境和現有的技術條件下，某一區域內可開採的水資源量對支持該地區人口、經濟與環境協調發展的能力和限度。並初步分析了枯水資源承載力的內涵、特性，從水資源的供需方面確立了喀斯特流域枯水資源承載力的指標體系。

To the large - scale atmosphere, we separate the terms of the horizontal vorticity converting into the vertical vorticity, which considered as the baroclinic terms, from the terms that not including horizontal vorticity by the rules of the p coordinate transforming to the z coordinate in the traditional vorticity equation, and carry out the scale analysis, and then conclude that the baroclinic terms are able to reach the same magnitude grade as the partial derivative of the vertical vorticity to time when it takes place the large scale precipitation in the summer monsoon period in china. by analyzing the game reanalysis data from april to august in 1998 in the region of chinese continent, we found that the baroclinic terms is important to the large - scale cyclone developing above the 600hpa, and the magnitude changing of the baroclinic terms is nearly in - phase as the monsoon movement, so which imply exactly that the magnitude changing of the baroclinic terms is the one of the natural characters of the summer monsoon evolution and equivalent to the movement rule of the subtropical high of the western pacific

在p坐標垂直渦度方程中，利用p坐標向z坐標轉換的公式將水平渦度向垂直渦度轉化的所有項分離出來，這些項具有明顯的斜壓特徵，對其進行尺度分析后，得出在可以忽略潛熱釋放對渦度影響的對流層中、高層，此轉化項是大尺度斜壓渦度發展的重要項。通過對1998年48月的game再分析資料進行實際計算也發現，轉化項在東亞夏季風上升支的600hpa及以上層次對垂直渦度的局地變化貢獻很大，不能忽略。同時發現水平渦度向垂直渦度的轉化在南海季風爆發時和江淮梅雨入梅及發展過程中均有指示性意義，在南海季風爆發以後，在中國東南部地區，轉化項的大小與夏季風的活躍和中斷等活動有著幾乎一致的變化規律，這從側面也指出了，此轉化項的變化是夏季風演變所具有的本質特徵，並且它反映出了西太平洋副高在中國大陸的活動情況。

Sustainable development, which pursue long - time economic increase and quality advancement, is to satisfy both the needs of the present age and that of the future. shaowu, a county in mountainous area of fujian, plays a major role in the sustainable development in minjiang watershed. the thesis based on the theory of district sustainable development put forward the problems, pontentia and advantage which shaowu is faced with. the pattern of shaowu sustainable development and approach to implement it is also discussed. also, the thesis sets forth the important meaning of policy selection to the sustainable development and bring forward the adaptive policy of the sustainable development in shaowu

縣域可持續發展是指在一定時空尺度上，以長期的經濟增長及質量提高為目標，從而既滿足當代縣域發展的需要，又滿足未來縣域的發展需求。邵武是福建省的一個山區縣級市，邵武的可持續發展對閩江流域的經濟可持續發展起著重要作用。本文建立在區域可持續發展的理論基礎之上，並對區域可持續發展理論進行概括，通過對邵武資源環境和社會經濟基礎系統的分析，提出邵武可持續發展面臨的問題和所具有的潛力和優勢，充分論述邵武實現可持續發展的模式內容和實施途徑。

Finally, the srh, ehi, brn and sbrn, ssietc severe convective storm parameters are introuced. the case study during " 03. 7 " meiyu period showed that all the parameters are effective for prediction of the severe storm ' s occurrence and development, and have a worth of extending in our actual prediction work

最後，文中綜合介紹了螺旋度srh 、能量螺旋度ehi 、粗理查遜數brn及簡化的粗理查遜數sbrn 、風暴強度參數ssi等強對流風暴的環境參數，並將這些參數應用於實例分析，結果表明：風暴參數產品對中尺度強對流風暴的發生發展有一定的指示作用，值得在氣象業務工作中去推廣。

With the research of the evolvement features of barotropic and baroclinic atmosphere flow fields, the mechanism has been studied of the formation, development and die out of the heavy rainfall which occurred in wu - han during the period of 21 - 22, july 1998. the results are shown as follows : the evolvement of the rainstorm has a close relation to the barotropic component of the real atmospheric flow filed. and the barotropic component is, to a certain degree, also responsible for the coupling characteristics of high - and low - level jets

本文從研究大氣正、斜壓流場的演變特徵入手研究了1998年7月武漢的一次強暴雨發生、發展、消亡全過程的機理，研究結果表明： （ 1 ）未經過尺度分離的實際大氣流場正壓分量的演變與此次暴雨的醞踉、發展和消亡相對應，並且正壓分量在一定程度上反映高、低空急流耦合特徵。

The effects of the different tripping size were not alike, 20 % tripping annulus was the best size for a pipe flow to obtain fully developed turbulence in the experiment. 8

不同尺寸的擋環對流動中心處相對湍流強度的影響不同，實驗結果表明， 20擋環是形成充分發展圓管湍流的最佳尺寸。

In the paper, present condition and developing tendency of forklifts are presented, design plans of a new developed electrical - driven universal - way forklifts - cpd2hc ~ are introduced, dimensions of its changing direction trapezoid are designed by means of optimized method, static and dynamical stabilities of the forklifts are studied and tested through build model, given conclusions from above researches are of great important to raise design quality and working performance of this kind of forklifts, which lay the foundations of developing more practical, durable and advanced productions

論文闡述了叉車的現狀和發展趨勢，介紹了新研製的cpd2hc型電動萬向叉車的設計方案，並利用優化的方法對轉向梯形臂的幾何尺寸進行了優化設計，論文還研究和驗證了電動萬向叉車的靜態穩定性和動態穩定性，所得結論對于提高這種型式叉車的設計質量和工作性能有重要的意義，為研製更實用、更耐用、性能更先進的產品奠定了基礎。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

The new facility, which has a floor area of approximately 130, 000 sq. ft., represents a major commitment by the group to the scientific advancement of tcm in the region

新設施總樓面面積近13萬平方尺，標志集團致力促進區內傳統中藥業朝向科學發展的另一具體實踐。

Abstract : this paper expounds the education philosophy and practice of landscape architecture in tsinghua university of china, including the education philosophy with essential features of " integrating wisdom of eastern and western, wisdom of ancient chinese thinking and new technology " the curriculum with essential features of " trans - disciplinary and balance between theories and practice " the studio with essential features of " multi - scales and public concerns " and strategies of discipline construction with essential features of " integration and interaction "

摘要:概括了（古代）園林向（近現代）風景園林拓展和轉變的3個趨勢：公共性、跨學科、多尺度；從4個方面論述了清華大學風景園林教育思想及其實踐：以「東西容通、新舊合治」為特徵的教育理念；以「學科融貫、知行兼舉」為特徵的課程體系；以「多尺度、公共性」為特徵的學科發展方向；以「融通型、互動式」為特徵的學科建設戰略。