實用闊度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shíyòngkuòdù]
實用闊度
英文
effective width-
Seven plots selected from wanglang reserve were distributed in different types of forest and at different altitude, and different plot has different microclimate. soil property, microbial population, soil nutrient content of forest soil were determined in wanglang natural reserve, from may to october 2002 to july 2003, the ecological distribution of three main groups, bacteria, actinomycete and fungi were determined in the forest soils by the cell enumeration methods. six kinds of physiological groups, including ammoniation bacteria, nitrification bacteria, nitrosification bacteria, aerobic autogenesis azotobacter, aerobic cellulose - decomposing bacteria and anaerobic cellulose - decomposing bacteria were enumerated by the most - probable number ( mpn )
2001年10月在王朗自然保護區內設立了3個定位研究樣地和4個臨時樣地，通過多次現場采樣與室內實驗分析，測定了白樺林、岷江冷杉林、紫果雲杉林、繡線菊-羊茅群落、羊茅群落及高山柳灌木叢等6種不同植物群落內土壤微生物三大類群數量、功能微生物數量、土壤養分，並在固定樣地內使用埋袋法進行了三個埋藏深度的凋落物分解袋試驗，初步研究了枝條、闊葉、針葉等凋落物組分在不同分解階段所含養分的動態變化。Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil
文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil
為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25Therefore, a model of three sectors, respectively referring to domestic sector, manufacturing export sector and primary product export sector, has been established here to measure the technology spillover effects of export on domestic sector. finally, based on a broader framework, this dissertation went on to investigate the relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth, while the result shows that though there exists a notable dispute about how to measure the degree of china ' s openness, the index of trade dependence still maintains the better one to reflect china ' s economic openness. in the meanwhile, impulse response function ( irf ) method and forecasting errors variance decomposition ( fevd ) method, both of which are based on the vector auto - regression ( var ) system, are used here to investigate the dynamic relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth
與傳統理論不同，新增長理論和新貿易理論都強調技術進步的作用，因此本文構建了一個三部門的技術外溢效應模型（國內部門、工業製成品出口部門以及初級產品出口部門） ，考察了工業製成品出口和初級產品出口對國內非出口部門不同的技術外溢效應；第四，從更加廣闊的視野就貿易開放度與中國經濟增長問題進行研究，有關貿易開放度如何度量一直是存在較大爭議的問題，本文首先對該類研究文獻進行了較為詳盡的述評，然後運用生產函數方法對所選取的5個貿易開放度度量指標進行了檢驗，結果發現盡管一些已有研究認為外貿依存度無法真實度量一國經濟開放水平，但是本文研究結果表明外貿依存度仍是度量我國貿易開放度的較好指標，進一步採用基於var系統的脈沖響應函數法以及預測誤差方法分解法對貿易開放促進經濟增長的作用進行了動態刻畫。The theoretical research, computer simulation and experimental results analysis show that maskless laser interferometric lithography and holographic lithography have the characteristics of large field of view, high resolution, distortionless, relatively simple system structure, low costs and convenient realization way. they have a broad application prospect
激光干涉光刻技術研究四川大學博士學位論文理論研究、計算模擬和實驗結果分析表明，無掩模激光干涉光刻和全息光刻具有大視場、高解析度、無畸變、系統相對簡單、成本較低，實現方便等特點，具有廣闊的應用前景。In this paper, the practical data is analysed and get a good effect. it proves that it is vailed for vti layers using the approximation moveout formula in this paper. this method has a good foreground
本文還結合實際資料進行了分析，取得了較好的效果，說明了用本文建立時距曲線擬合公式進行橫向各向同性介質多波速度分析是可行的，且具有廣闊的發展前景。Veneer dyeing can improve wood visual characteristics and imitatethe color and luster of precious wood species, to increase the decorative effect. the veneers of hardwood species such as % populus tomentosa, paulownia elongata % were adopted to make dyeing experiments by using acid dyestuff. the result shows : the acid dyestuff in textile industry could be used in wood dyeing process. compound dyeing can be adopted by using the mixture of several kinds of dyestuff. the different treatment methods before the wood was dyed affects the dyeing effect of wood. there is a great difference in the deformed degree of dyeing veneers, smooth level has a relation with wood density. the density of dyestuff, dyeing time and dyeing temperature and so on have many influences on dyeing effect. different technological process has been used in veneers of different wood speicies
木材單板染色有利於改善木材視覺特性，可以實現模仿珍貴樹種木材的色澤，提高裝飾效果.該研究選取毛白楊和泡桐等闊葉樹種木材單板採用酸性染料進行染色實驗，結果表明：紡織工業用酸性染料可用於木材染色，也可以採用幾種染料混合復合染色；木材染色前的不同處理方法影響木材的染色效果；染色單板的變形程度有較大差異，平整度與木材密度相關；染料濃度、染色時間和染色溫度等對染色效果有較大的影響，不同樹種單板應採用不同工藝The paper studies composition of grasshopper community in different habitats, found that differences in family, genus and species and analyzed the causes of those. the author analyzed the following aspects by spss software and the measure of euclidean distance : ( 1 ) analyzed the relationship between grasshopper species and geographical distribution and divided 9 forestry belt into 3 main habitat model : low mountain conifer and broadleaf integrated forestry belt ; low mountain chanbai conifer forestry belt and middle - high conifer - betula ermam / - tundra belt ; adopted sum of deviation of square to clustered ecological species groups, and thus divided 48 grasshopper species into 3 main category, 12 ecological species groups
在長白山地區蝗蟲生態分佈特點的研究中，主要應用spss軟體包、採用euclideandistance測度法對以下兩方面內容進行了分析： （ 1 ）對長白山地區蝗蟲地理分佈關系進行了分析，將長白山9個林帶劃分為三大生境型：低山針闊葉混交林帶、低山長白松林帶和中高山針葉?岳樺?苔原復合體； （ 2 ）利用離差平方和法對生態種組進行等級聚類，結合實地調查結果，將48種蝗蟲劃分為三大類12個生態種組。C60, a new type of semiconductor material, has many superior properties, such as wide forbidden band, direct band gap, rapid responding time, high optical damage threshold value and wide responding frequency band etc. these capabilities indicate that c60 film will be used widely in computer, integrate optical instrument and storage device etc. however, the preparation and the purification of c60 material affect the large - scale application at all times
C _ （ 60 ）薄膜作為新的半導體材料具備許多優越特性，如禁帶寬度大、直接帶隙、快速響應時間、高的光學損傷閥值、較寬的響應頻帶等，這些性能預示了c _ （ 60 ）薄膜在計算機、集成光學器件、光存儲器等方面具有廣闊的應用前景，但c _ （ 60 ）材料的制備與提純還一直是阻礙該新材料投入大規模實際應用的主要因素。A microstructure resonant pressure sensor measures applied pressure by detecting change of resonant frequency of its mechanical resonator. the sensor is characterized by its very small size, high accuracy, excellent stability and convenient interfacing with digital electronics, showing broad application prospects
微結構諧振式壓力傳感器是通過檢測其機械諧振器諧振頻率的變化來實現壓力測量，特點是尺寸小，精度高，穩定性好，易與數字電路介面，具有廣闊的應用前景。With the development of modern science and technology, it is more and more necessary to apply the advanced manufacturing technology with higher precision, efficiency and intelligence in the modern industrial manufacture. machine vision technology has much virtue such as rapid, repetition, intelligent, non - contact and with strong anti - jamming ability. it is used in the flexible manufacturing system ( fms ) and increases the systems ’ flexibility, automatization and intelligentizing level
隨著現代科技的發展，現代化工業生產對製造精度更高、效率更快、智能化更高的先進製造技術要求越來越迫切;機器視覺技術具有快速性、可重復性、智能化、非接觸、現場抗干擾能力強等優點，機器視覺技術應用於柔性製造系統中大大提高了系統得柔性化、自動化、和智能化水平，適應了現代製造業的進步和發展要求，在實際應用中顯示出了廣闊的應用前景。The project is to develop the 100mhz wideband digital storage oscilloscope ( wdso ) ， typical performance character : input signal - 3db bandwidth is 100mhz, real time sampling frequency is 20msa / s, equivalent sampling frequency is 10gsa / s, resolution is 8bits, dual signal channel, and delicacy is 5mv 5v div per channel ， time sweep velocity is 2. 5ns - - 5s div 。 so the project is provided with higher performance - to - price ratio, stronger competitive capacity in market and widest applied foreground at the area of wdso
本次課題的具體目標是實現100mhz帶寬的數字存儲示波器正樣機的研製，具體主要性能指標達到最高實時采樣率20msa / s 、等效采樣率10gsa / s 、被觀測信號3db模擬帶寬達100mhz 、采樣數字解析度8bit ；雙通道，幅值靈敏度： 5mv 5v div ，掃速2 . 5ns - - 5s div 。該方案具有較高的性價比，較強的市場競爭力和廣闊的應用前景。The abnormality of the blood coagulation is always associated with diseases, for example, theoplegia, hemophilia, etc. in clinic, it is important to both doctors and patients that the coagulation function must be clear before taking some medical treatments like surgery, puncturation etc. thus, there is a potential and wide prospective application in coagulation time research using these biosensors because of its advantages such as highly sensitivity, real time detection, small occupying and low cost
臨床實踐中，在採取某些醫療措施之前，也必須充分了解該病人的凝血功能情況。因此，凝血系統功能的檢查對醫療者和醫療對象都十分重要。壓電傳感器具有靈敏度高、可實時檢測、體積小、成本低廉等特點，因此，研究將壓電傳感器應用於凝血時間檢測將具有潛在的廣闊的應用前景。With its smaller volume, lower price and better anti - jamming, singlechip have been widely applied in modern control system operating scene which have been put in collecting data in order to achieve shop floor control. the pic singlechip which is made by microchip co. in the u. s. a, with its risc architecture, high price verse performance ration, high speed, has been working in low voltage, lower power depletion, higer driving power, lower price otp technology and smaller volume, has been represents a new trend in the microprocessors ; as a transmission media, sms ( short message service ) which is a basic service in the gsm network, with its lower price and high reliability, has become important media in people ’ s daily life and trade communication ; led ’ s panel which has been applied in publishing the news and advertising in the enterprise is a control technic, a photoelectricity technic, communications technic, digital - image processing technic all rolled into one
單片機以其體積小、價格低、抗干擾性好等特點，在現代控制系統中常用在操作現場進行數據採集，以及實現現場控制。 pic單片機系列是美國microchip公司推出的，採用risc結構的高性價比嵌入式控制器，其高速度、低電壓工作，低功耗，強大驅動能力，低價otp技術，體積小巧等都體現了單片微控制器工業的新趨勢;作為信息的傳輸媒體， sms短消息服務是gsm網路的一種基本業務，以其低成本、高可靠性的方便快捷通信方式成為人們日常生活和商業交流的重要載體;集控制技術、光電技術、通信技術、數字圖像處理技術於一體的led電子顯示屏為企事業的信息發布和廣告宣傳提供了廣闊的便利。Dfse, which is an integrated system implemented by utilizing the distributed simulation technologies, will be widely used to meet the need of flight simulation in the demonstration, design or experiment aspect of an aerospace vehicle and other
本文研製的dfse系統是根據飛行器系統細粒度模擬的具體需要來設計完成的一套比較完整的分散式飛行模擬通用平臺，它在飛行器系統論證、設計與模擬實驗等方面以及相關領域中都有著廣闊的應用前景。Based on the thoroughly review and summary in the progress history of the multiphase flows researching in recent fifty years, the thesis was made an advanced discussion on the wide foreground of the multiphase flows " study and application, and clarified some concept of multiphase flows " study. take gas - solid two - phase flows for example, the thesis discussed and classified the theoretical model of multiphase flows " study, that is continuum model, discrete particle model and pseudo particle model, and made a deep and detail discussion on the foundation, advantage and disadvantage about the three physical model. the thesis considered that all the mathematics models of the multiphase flows " study are based on the three physical models
本文在系統、全面地回顧和總結近五十年來多相流研究發展歷史的基礎上，進一步論述了多相流研究和應用的廣闊前景；澄清了多相流研究中存在的一些模糊概念；以氣固兩相流研究為例，對多相流研究的各種理論模型進行了系統的分析、歸納和分類，從而把氣固兩相流研究的物理模型按其刻劃的尺度和屬性分為三類，即：連續介質模型（ continuummodel ） 、離散顆粒模型（ discreteparticlemodel ） 、流體擬顆粒模型（ pseudoparticlemodel ） ，並對三類物理模型賴于存在的基礎、長處和存在的問題進行了深入的分析、討論；同時指出，多相流研究的各種數學模型都是建立在以上三類物理模型的基礎上的，從而對各種數學模型的實質、優缺點和今後發展方向有了清晰的了解。In this paper, a cutting experiment using metal cutting tools with frictional reducing groove is described. the calculation and analysis of measured cutting force data shows that this kind of cutting tools can reduce the data of cutting force. and according to these, the relations among frictional reducing groove parameters and other parameters such as feed engagement were analyzed. cutting tools with frictional reducing groove have practical value when great cutting depth and feed engagement are needed because the cutting force is reduced obviously. frictional reducing groove has wide prospect in the use of non - regrinding tools
通過採用磨有減摩槽的車刀進行切削實驗，將測得的切削力數據計算分析得出磨有減摩槽的刀具可降低切削力的數據，並由此分析減摩槽參數與進給量等參數之間的關系.磨有減摩槽的刀具在大切削深度、大進給量的切削加工方面有明顯的降低切削力的效果和實用價值，用於不重磨刀片刀具上具有廣闊的前景For settling the contradictions among gradually polluted yellow river water, falling behind technology of water factory and desired improvement of water quality, for renewing baotou water factories and rebuilding new water factory, this experiment research provides the best process choice and design basis, which can be used as an example by person of the same profession, therefore creates fine condition for carrying out deeply water treatment and ensuring the safety of drinking water, and which has broad social returns and market applying prospect
本文的試驗研究為解決黃河水源日漸污染、水廠工藝落後與出水水質不斷提高之間的矛盾、為包頭市各水廠的更新改造和今後建新水廠提供了最佳的工藝選擇和設計依據，並可為廣大同行所借鑒，從而為實施水質深度處理、保證飲用水安全提供了行之有效的途徑，具有廣泛的社會效益和廣闊的市場應用前景。Earthquake mitigation for structures using magnetorheological ( mr ) dampers has much merit, such as fine control effect, low external energy, cheap cost, simple construction etc. it has a wide application foreground for our country due to many earthquakes
利用磁流變阻尼器進行建築結構的減震控制具有控制精度高、所需外部能源少、經濟實用、構造簡單等特點，這對于多發地震的我國無疑具有廣闊的應用前景。Although there is no real option pricing trading market all across the nation, the application of the theories will enjoy the bright future because many financial tools and businesses embody the idea of the option. the main applications include : the pricing of the company ' s financing tools, including stock, bond, convertible bond and so on ; the calculation of the proportion of liability to stock in case of changing the liability a company owes to a creditor into the stock share ; the evaluation of the value of a loan and analysis of the credit risk of loans in our country from the point of option ; and the evaluation of the effectiveness of executive stock. option and the improvement of the executive stock option
盡管目前中國還沒有期權交易市場，但由於許多金融工具和金融業務中都包含了期權的思想，期權定價理論在我國仍有廣闊的應用前景，本文對此進行了探索。主要的應用內容有以下四方面：公司融資工具，既包括傳統融資工具股票、債券的定價，也包括新型融資工具可轉換債券和認股權證的定價；債轉股業務中比例的確定，用布萊克-斯科爾斯模型和二項分佈模型兩種方法計算；貸款業務定價，並從期權角度分析我國貸款的信用風險狀況、成因；經理人期權激勵，包括其原理、對其有效性的實證分析，並引進指數期權作為改進方法。分享友人