實貸實存 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shídàishícún]
實貸實存
英文
actual loans and deposits-
First of all, with dominant state - owned property right and ownership ' s misplacement and non - transference, state - owned commercial banks are long - term protected by the government, suffering from low efficiency and serious diseconomy in scale
因國有商業銀行長期受政府保護，效率低下，存在嚴重的規模不經濟，無法完全實現其法人財產權，不能形成有效的內部治理結構；二是高比例的不良貸款率。Certain selected tightening measures have been implemented, including moves by pboc to raise reserve requirements and rediscount rates ( see box below ), and administrative directives to impose strict land controls and to rein in credit expansion by curbing lending to overheating sectors
部分已實施的緊縮措施包括：人民銀行調高存款準備金率（見下表） 、透過行政指令嚴格控制土地資源，以及收緊對過熱行業的貸款，以控制信貸膨脹等。Based on large quantities of investigation and theories study, after checking the chinese and foreign culture levitate, the research combined our country current economy management system and the management system history that has important influence on the bank, and bring up the general reasons and special history stage reasons for which the commercial bank ' s loan risk exits. namely ( 1 ) the system lost, ( 2 ) the stubborn policy. ( 3 ) the administration interference, ( 4 ) unexhausted business enterprise reform, etc.
目前我國商業銀行正面臨著嚴重的貸款風險，本文在經過大量的實踐調查、理論研究與查閱中外文獻研究之後，結合我國現階段經濟管理體制、銀行管理體制的巨大變革的歷史階段對銀行產生的重大影響，提出了我國商業銀行貸款風險存在的一般原因與特殊歷史階段原因（即1 、體制失范2 、政策偏狹3 、行政干預4 、企業改革不徹底等深層次原因） 。The apbf institution has business ability and policy information advantages in censoring, so the loan policy may have " inductive effect " on commercial financial organs ; ( 3 ) agriculture and rural economy are confronted with many puzzles and challenges, and the poor - quality condition of our agriculture has not changed for a long time. it can be explained that we have not made full use of our economic and financial instruments and that the scarcity of finances has been in such a high level. combined with policy and financing, apbf is the most suitable choice for government to protect agriculture ; ( 4 ) developing apbf is in need of deepening of the reform of financial system
究其原因，外部在於農村經濟體制改革滯后、農村金融體制改革反復不定、對農業扶持和保護的力度不夠；內部在於制度上的缺陷所致：一是缺乏管理和運營的法律制度；二是在於對農業政策性金融的經營成果的計算和組織管理比較困難；三是由於農業政策性金融要代替商業金融對存在外部性的農業進行投資，這種業務在中國本來就是商業金融盡力迴避的困難工作；四是特殊的政策性制度設計導致農業政策性金融信貸資產風險大；五是自主經營權落實不夠。Chapter 2 : development of theories and practice of consumer credit chapter 3 : development and problems in domestic consumer credit business chapter 4 : solutions to the consumer credit business in china consumer credit substantially alters the ideology and operation model of commercial banks in china, and we are looking forward to the growth of domestic commercial banks into internationally competitive modern banks
第二章：消費信貸理論和實踐的發展。第三章：我國消費信貸的發展及存在的問題第四章：借鑒國際經驗發展我國消費信貸的對策消費信貸是商業銀行經營理念與經營方式的一個重大變革，我們期待著國內商業銀行真正成為具有國際競爭優勢的現代銀行。Rmb deposit and loan interest rate float block expands gradually, and progressively move towards marketization day by day. part iii : on the basis of using the experience and lessons of the change of interest rate in other countries for reference in course of the interest rate marketization, it is believed that there should be a course of raising up slightly in the interest rate in the early stage. but the market fluctuations it causes will not be too much ; according to actual operation result and a medium or long term of the reform, foreign currency interest rate has already drawn close to international interest rate competence progressively ; viewed from a short time, rmb loan interest rate total competence will tend towards dropping, some loan interest rate may rise ; the interest rate of the deposit will raise up unilaterally
總體而言，發展中國家的存貸利差要高於發達國家；第二部分：在總結前幾年利率改革包括市場化改革的基礎上，認為，迄今為止，我國利率市場化改革的程度總體上還比較低：同業拆借利率、貨幣市場債券回購利率、現券交易利率、外幣貸款利率、大額外幣存款利率等已完全市場化或基本市場化，人民幣存貸款利率的浮動區間已逐漸擴大，並已漸進的方式日益走向市場化；第三部分：在借鑒境外利率市場化過程中利率變動的經驗教訓的基礎上，認為在我國利率市場化的初期，利率應該有一小幅上揚的過程，但是其造成的市場波動應該不會太大；從改革的實際運作結果和中長期來看，外幣利率已經逐步的向國際利率水平靠攏；從短期來看，人民幣貸款利率總水平將趨于下降，部分貸款利率有可能上升，存款利率將會單邊上揚。Based on the current situation of chinese housing mortgage loan insurance, a comprehensive system of housing mortgage loan insurance, which caters for the different consumers " demands for insurance, is put forward by the author. this system includes : housing mortgage loan insurance institution of government credit guarantee for the denizens of humble income and general income ; commercial housing mortgage loan insurance institution of having diversiform insurance fashions for the denizens of general income and booming income ; and bonding institution of government credit guarantee for promoting housing mortgage loan to securitization
在分析了我國已有住房抵押貸款保險情況（我國住房抵押貸款保險業務已初具規模，但仍存在不少問題；已有的住房抵押貸款保險的品種單一，覆蓋面很窄；現行的住房抵押貸款保險在實際操作中存在許多誤區）的前提下，筆者提出針對不同消費者建立多種保險方式的住房抵押貸款保險體系，包括：為中低收入居民服務的政策性住房抵押貸款保險機構、為中等偏上及高收入居民服務具有多種險種的商業性保險機構和為促進住房抵押貸款證券化的政策性保險機構。While the " divisible by nine " rule applies to renminbi deposits and loans, it does not affect how interest rates are determined for interbank borrowing and foreign currency deposits. but this minor inconsistency is definitely not a matter of earth - shaking importance that warrants eliminating the rule
被9整除的規則只適用於人民幣存款及貸款的利率，它並沒有影響到銀行同業拆借及外幣存款，但這樣的差別其實沒有甚麼大不了，就像中文用萬而不像英文般用千來表達數字而已。Our country still has no the specialized financing institution to loan to the medium and small enterprises. in addition, after the commercial bank system reform, grass - roots bans have no enough right to loan to the medium and small enterprises ; alter practicing asset - debt comparison management, the comparison of saving and loan made from higher class to lower class. the gap of loan supply increased remarkably
從深層原因看：一是供應不足，我國尚無專門為中小企業貸款的金融機構，加之商業銀行體制改革后，權限上收，以中小企業為放貸對象的基層銀行有責無權，有心無力；實行資產負債比例管理后，逐級下達「存貸比例」 ，貸款供應缺口明顯加大。The study shows four major problems existed in individual housing loan. 1 ) supply constraints of individual housing loan. fund sources are highly dependent on commercial banks while large fund idles in the society ; house accumulation fund contributed by the borrowers has not reached a reasonably big ratio of house purchase ; and housing loan businesses of less assortments, smaller amount, and shorter terms, worsen the fund supply
研究表明，當前我國個人住房消費信貸發展中存在著許多問題，主要包括：第一、個人住房消費信貸資金存在供應約束，從資金來源上看主要集中於商業銀行，未充分調動起社會閑散資金，公積金繳存比例小；從貸款方式來看，貸款品種單一，實貸額度小、期限較短。3. feasibility analysis of mbs the paper introduces and explains the theory of mbs and analysis the feasibility of mbs in china from many aspects, such as system, laws, financial environment, the situation of housing markets, macroeconomic effect, etc. the reform of land - using system provides mbs system pre - requisite ; the interrelated laws offer the law guarantee for mbs ; the issue of " security act " indicates that the security market of china is being normalized, and the developing prospect of finance in china brings mbs effective support ; the dilemma between the surplus and the shortage of commercial housing gives mbs an important turning point ; the macroeconomic effect of mbs is that it accelerates the economy, reduces the pressure of currency inflation, dissolves the operating risks of finance organs and makes the finance system operate steadily
三、我國住房抵押證券化的可行性分析本文從住房抵押貨款證券化（ mbs ）的理論分析入手，結合我國住房抵押貸款的發展狀況，分別從制度、法律保障、金融環境、住房市場現狀、宏觀經濟效應等幾方面論述了mbs在我國的可行性：土地使用制度改革為實施mbs提供了制度前提；配套法律制度為實施mbs提供了法律保障； 《證券法》的正式出臺，標志著我國證券市場走向規范，我國良好的金融業發展前景為mbs提供了有效的支持；現階段住房市場的有效供給與有效需求雙重約束的矛盾存在，為證券化實施提供了重要契機； mbs的宏觀經濟效應在於拉動國內需求，促進經濟增長，減輕通貨膨脹壓力，化解金融機構經營風險，保持金融體系穩定運行。This thesis begins with new basel agreement ’ s requirement on capital adequacy rate, and then by elaborating on the regulations in our country which reflects principles and methods in new basel agreement and the realities in our country, it argues the regulations ’ effects on the capital adequacy of listed banks. after that, by analyzing concretely and evaluating the capital adequacy and allocation of eight assets impairment of the five listed banks between 2001 and 2005, it reveals further the problems existing in allocation of assets impairment of the five listed banks and the influences of the problems on capital adequacy rate. in the end, conclusions are reached and suggestions are given
本文從新巴塞爾協議對資本充足率的要求出發，論述我國運用巴塞爾協議基本的原則與方法並結合我國的實際情況制定的規章制度對上市銀行資本充足狀況產生的影響，通過對五家上市銀行2001 ~ 2005年中期資本充足狀況和八項資產損失準備計提情況進行具體分析並評價其合理性和貸款損失準備的充足性，進一步揭示五家上市銀行在資產損失準備計提中存在的問題和對資本充足率計算的影響，最後提出相關政策建議。Part 4 is the empirical analysis to chinese listed companies " financings behavior. reaching for the company ' s financing structural analysis of the developed country, making the conclusion : profit financing ratio is the highest financing, bank loan is the most important way in the external financing, final just selecting equity financing, analyzing to the financing structure of chinese listed companies, the listed company ' s financing
第四部分我國上市公司融資行為的實證分析這部分包括第四章是本文的另?個重點，先對發達國家公司融資結構分析，發達國家公司融資順序為:留存收益比率最高，銀行貸款是最重要的外部融資方式，最後才』選擇股權融資。On the other hand, the author draws a conclusion that this system is feasible from our country ' s reality - the development of credit economy, the improvement of personality of natural person, the rising of consumed debit and credit, and the evolvement of legislative tradition
另一方面，從我國現存的實際情況，如信用經濟的發展、自然人人格的完善、消費借貸的上升以及立法傳統的影響等得出結論：自然人破產制度是切實可行的。第三部分具體建構了我國自然人破產制度。The thesis started with briefing on undp ' s assistance to china, highlighting poverty alleviation ( pa ) as the top priority area of technical assistance to china. then the thesis raised the main problems hindering the realization of 8 - 7 poverty reduction programme, namely the incapability of targeting the poor, low repayment rate as well as low efficiency for using pa loans. the thesis answered why undp microfinance ( mf ) projects could solve these problems by elaborating undp projects " features and operating procedure through theory and practice
然後從理論和實踐兩方面詳盡論述了undp小額信貸項目的特點和運作模式，說明了小額信貸扶貧的原理，分析了小額信貸制度本身瞄準窮人的科學性和邏輯性，回答了小額信貸項目為什麼能夠解決政府扶貧中存在的扶貧不到戶、貸款還款率和資金使用率低以及項目成功率低等問題，從而使政府在扶貧攻堅過程中推廣了小額信貸扶貧模式，為我國「八七」扶貧攻堅計劃的實現做出了貢獻。This thesis, through extensive investigation on site for present situation of mse credit guarantee finance in mianyang, incorporated relevant theory of mse credit guarantee with the present development of mse credit guarantee in domestic and abroad, analysis the guarantee financing case of mianyang zijiang electronic ltd. study the guarantee operation of mianyang tianli credit guarantee ltd. in detail, point out. the problem existed in mse credit guarantee institution in mianyang. at last, the thesis gave the strategy and proposal of how to improving the credit guaranty system in mianyang
本文對綿陽市中小企業信用擔保融資的現狀作了詳實的實地調研，結合對中小企業信用擔保有關理論的探討以及目前國內外中小企業信用擔保的發展情況的介紹，運用實證分析和案例分析法，分析了綿陽市資江電子有限責任公司的擔保融資案例，具體解剖了綿陽市天力信貸擔保公司的擔保運作機制，指出綿陽市中小企業信用擔保融資存在的問題，最後提出了完善綿陽市中小企業信用擔保體系的對策及建議。Third, the author probes a couple of pledges such as credits on bill, receipt, stocks and real property earning right in detail because they are closely relative to financing in commercial banks. the author expounds unique opinions about those pledges due to his senior working experience in commercial bank
再次，具體討論了與國內商業銀行信貸業務密切相關的存單、票據、股權及不動產收益權質押，重點對這幾類權利質押理論及實踐中存在的問題進行深入分析，提出了一些獨到的見解。Since the mortgage is registered, it produces external effects : the mortgagor and the mortgagee ca n ' t manage the uncompleted building at their will, and especially emphasizing on the problem of re - selling the house that is still under construction by the mortgagor ; both the mortgagor and the mortgagee ' s creditors have no right to bring a coercive execution against the uncompleted building
樓花按揭的公示決定了其對外的效力:按揭人、按揭權人都不得擅自處分被按揭權益，其中著重論述了炒樓花的問題;按揭雙方的債權人都無權對被按揭權益提起強制執行之訴。樓花按揭貸款實踐中，來自開發商的風險是確實存在的，實踐也證明了這一點。Keep the housing accumulation fund safe, maintain value, increase in value and allot the increasing value reasonably, practice high interest of deposit and low interest of loan and the difference is subsidized by the government, the housing accumulation supervision commission, fiscal and audit branch of the government should supervise the collection of housing accumulation fund and its uses
建立招標選擇儲存機構，或建立政策性的儲存機構；保證住房公積金安全、保值、增值和對增值收益應合理進行分配；對住房公積金實行高存低貸，其利息差額由政府補貼；住房公積金管理委員會、財政、審計等部門應對住房公積金的籌集，使用進行有效監督。Actual loans and deposits
實貸實存分享友人