寸法常數 的英文怎麼說

On the premise of a given set of material parameter, structural boundary shape and condition, design variables - thickness of plate and shell, is designed to minimize the structural weight subjected to the constraint conditions. 1. for the problem with size and stress constraints, full stress design method is used to solve the sectional optimization of plate and shell structures

在給定了板殼的材料常數、板殼結構的邊界形狀和邊界條件的前提下，確定表徵板殼厚度的設計變量，在滿足約束條件下實現結構重量最小： 1 .對于尺寸和應力約束的問題，使用滿應力方法求解。

This paper referred to the massive domestic and foreign technical material, elaborated in the sheet forming value simulation theory essential technology in detail, points out when analysis sheet forming question should use the big distortion ball plasticity fem and introduce the application characteristic and the function summarizes of the sheet forming simulation software dynaform. secondly, analyzed the cover forming characteristic, simultaneously introduced the influence cover forming factor in detail : such as ramming direction, the craft addendum surface and the material pressing surface, the radius of convex - concave mold, draw bead, pressure strength, blank size and craft margin and so on. and simulates many typical automobiles cover panel with software : such lateral board, back taillight pedestal and storage cover

其次，分析了覆蓋件成形的特點和要求，同時詳細介紹了影響覆蓋件成形的因素如沖壓方向、工藝補充面和壓料面、凸凹模圓角、拉延筋、壓邊力、坯料尺寸和工藝切口等，並用數值模擬軟體對多個典型的汽車覆蓋件汽車后側圍板、后燈座以及轎車后備箱蓋的沖壓成形情況進行模擬，用模擬結果優化拉延工藝方案，比較了內覆蓋件和外覆蓋件在成形特點和要求的一些異同點，以及常見的起皺、拉裂和回彈、成形不足等缺陷的產生機理和相應對策，重點介紹工藝補充面和壓料面的設計及優化方法，因為拉延是沖壓工藝的關鍵工序，而工藝補充面和壓料面的設計是拉延工序的關鍵，對消除缺陷至關重要。

The results indicate that ( a ) before heat treatment, with the increasing of substrate temperatures, content of lower valency ( tij + ) decreases, the stoichiometric proportion of o / ti in all samples is about 2 ; the films have amorphous incompact columnar fiber structure, and with the increasing of substrate temperature, the size of columnar fiber increases ; the films have good hyalescence in visible range and great absorbability at the wavelength of 350nm ; optical constants of the films are calculated from the transmittance spectrums in visible range by mathematical analysis of the orders of interference, the results show that the refractive ind

研究結果表明， （ a ）熱處理前，隨著基片溫度的增加，薄膜中的低價氧化鈦含量逐漸減少，化學計量比趨于o ti = 2 ；薄膜具有非晶態不緻密的柱狀纖維結構，柱狀纖維的尺寸隨基片溫度的升高而增加;薄膜在可見光范圍內透明，在波長為35onzn時嚴重吸收，利用干涉級次法分析了薄膜的光學常數，結果表明，薄膜的折射率隨基片溫度的升高而增加，根據計算結果得到了tioz薄膜在不同基片溫度下的折射率色散曲線。

The experimental tests were conducted to obtain the probabilistic statistic distribution of design variables of cfrp wound pressure vessels ( such as elastic constants, strength of lamina, winding technology parameters and the geometric sizes ). and a goodness of fit test using the kolmogorov - smirnov method was used to get the best probabilistic distribution of design random variables

對cfrp纏繞壓力容器各重要設計變量（單向板彈性常數及其強度、壓力容器纏繞工藝參數及幾何尺寸）的隨機統計特徵進行了試驗研究，並根據kolmogorov - smirnov檢驗法，獲得各設計隨機變量的最優概率統計分佈。

In order to investigate the unsteady flow frequency domain performances of an axial flow compressor at different mass flow, rotating speed and blade row spacing, plus inlet flow distortion, and considering aerodynamic characteristics and stability of the compressor, the low speed research compressor ( lsc ) at college of energy and power in nuaa is used to carry out the experiment studies. a large amount of test data has been gained through dynamic pressure transducers embedded in the stator blades at the tip, middle and hub section, then fast fourier transform algorithm ( fft ) is applied to calculate the frequency data

為探討軸流壓氣機在工作流量、工作轉速及動?靜葉排軸向間距變化時的葉片排流場非定常頻譜特性變化規律，並耦合進氣畸變的影響，同時與壓氣機氣動性能和氣動穩定性相關聯，作者利用南京航空航天大學能源與動力學院的低速大尺寸軸流壓氣機（ lsc ）試驗器，採取在靜子葉片表面埋入動態壓力傳感器的實驗方法，對葉尖、葉中和葉根三個截面的動態壓力進行了測量，獲得了大量的可靠的實驗數據。

This paper describes an aag ( attributed adjacency garaph ) based method of machining features recognition for shaft kind parts and 2. 5d parts on the acis platform, which can effectively recognize the main and assistant feature of these kinds of parts. using the class library provided by acis, all the geometrical information for defining a feature can be acquired. finally a xml neutral file describing the recognition result is provided for the later capp process and the generation of nc code

本文首先分析三維實體邊界模型的特徵識別方法及其特點，繼而採用基於屬性鄰接圖的特徵識別方法，研究了軸類零件及2 . 5維零件的加工特徵的分類及其識別，並在acis平臺上開發了相應的軟體原型系統，有效地識別該類零件的主特徵和常見的輔助特徵，且利用acis提供的類庫介面提取模型底層的幾何參數，得到定義各項特徵所需的幾何尺寸信息，最後以xml中性文件的形式輸出識別結果，為后續進行的工藝規劃、加工代碼生成提供初始數據，從而為cad / capp / cam的集成提供有效的方法。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

In allusion to section modality and transverse joint of common span bridges, we choose two kinds of calculating theories in transverse distributing calculate process : the theory of rigidity crossbeam and the theory of hinged girder and slab. making the use of the theory of optimized design, i constitute mathematics model and choose appropriate calculated method. and find the form and detail dimension of section when beams of the bridge satisfy bending moment ^ shearing force and torsional moment

在用橫向分佈理論計算單梁扭矩過程中，針對現有常用跨徑橋梁的截面形式和橫向連接狀況，選取了兩種計算理論：剛性橫梁法和鉸接梁（板）法，利用結構優化設計原理，建立主梁承載力的數學模型，選擇合適的優化計算方法，得出在滿足彎剪扭承載力要求時主梁的細部尺寸。

In chapter 1, we use the p1 nonconforing mortar element to discrete poisson equation, and adopt multigrid method to solve the discrete equations, we have proven that the algorithm has a uniform convergence rate, that is, the convergence rate is independent of the mesh size and level. the multigrid method for the stationary stokes equations based on mortar mixed element method is presented in chapter 2, and the uniform convergence rate of the method independent of mesh size and level for the w - cycle is proven

第二章求解的問題是定常stokes方程，用混合mortar元來離散原方程，每個子區域上用taylor - hood有限元進行離散，離散出的方程組用w -循環多重網格方法進行求解，第四節中證明了多重網格方法的一致收斂性，即收斂率與網格層數和網格尺寸無關。

This dissertation concentrates on the difficult problems that the pipeline or pipe defects are not estimated or evaluated quantitatively, intelligently by mfl ( magnetic flux leakage ) inspection method. from the practical demand, theoretical analysis and experiments or testing, the mfl inspection technology of pipeline or pipe defects are explained, summarized in detail in the whole paper, at the same time, the relationship between the mfl field distribution, the mfl signal shape and the defect geometry or severity, the analysis of the mfl data and the compensation of influencing the relationship factors, signal feature extraction, intelligent recognition of defect parameters and so on are studied systematically

論文針對管道（鋼管）缺陷漏磁檢測定量化、智能化的難題，緊密結合檢測現場實際需要，通過理論分析和大量實驗，系統分析總結了管道（鋼管）缺陷漏磁智能檢測技術，並在缺陷漏磁場分佈以及缺陷漏磁信號與缺陷外形參數間的關系、缺陷漏磁信號分析、漏磁信號影響因素補償、缺陷漏磁場波形特徵提取和缺陷外形尺寸定量識別等方面進行了深入研究，主要成果和創新如下：引出磁偶極子模型近似分析常見缺陷漏磁場，針對磁偶極子模型的不足，將有限元方法應用到缺陷漏磁場分析，實現了常見管道樣本缺陷漏磁場的模擬。

The portal frame is a hyper static structure, if it is analyzed by material - strength method, it is complex and large simplification must be made, and calculation accuracy is lower. larger safety - factor is often adopted to ensure the portal frame safe, this results in large structure size, more material cost and higher manufacture cost

該門架結構是一個高次靜不定問題，採用傳統的材料力學方法很難求得解析解，且要想求解需對結構作較大的簡化，造成計算結果誤差大，為此，常採用加大安全系數的方法以保證結構的安全可靠運行，結果使結構尺寸加大，浪費材料，增加製造成本。

Abstract : technology dimensions of work parts always exceed the determined technology dimension limits. but when the work parts are big enough, it is still possible and valuable to modify the work parts " following technology process and technology dimensions, which are respectively called as dynamic technology process ( dtp ) and dynamic technology dimension ( dtd ), to ensure them to be qualified. a mathematical model is proposed which is about how to plan the dtd once the dtp is determined. a software has been written to testify the correctness of the above model. this model will be very useful in the capp and online quality assurance in the manufacturing of precise machine parts

文摘:工件的工藝尺寸在工藝過程中經常會超出許可的范圍，但當這些超差工件仍有足夠的加工余量時，通過修改其後續工藝路線（稱為動態工藝路線）及工藝尺寸（稱為動態工藝尺寸）仍有可能將其加工成成品.本文提出了一種在後續工藝路線確定后如何確定后續工藝尺寸的數學模型，並利用該模型成功地編制出了動態工藝尺寸設計的軟體，且用很多事例驗證了該模型的正確性.該方法可以應用於精密機械零件製造時的計算機輔助工藝過程設計及在線質量保證

A simple, but practical theoretical mode established in this paper is used to describe the < wp = 6 > dependence of the particles size on the reaction, where the experiment data of optical absorption have been employed in the model

採用化學方法在常溫下成功地制備了zno膠體，顆粒尺寸在5nm以下。根據吸收譜實驗數據和建立的理論模型估價了膠體顆粒的大小與反應時間的關系。

Generally, reserve 25mm lifting base to let the user use porcelain block to install suspended door. check whether the size measured fit for the users requirement in door sheet numbers. if not, ask the user to change the number

與客戶商討吊腳尺寸，通常的方法是預留25mm吊腳讓顧客用瓷片來遷就吊趟門檢查現場尺寸是否適合客戶所要求的門鈺數量，如不適合，要求客戶更改門

Abstract : since nearly all of the dimension parameters in technological process planning are coupled together, manual method in the process dimension parameter planning ( pdpp ) is not always efficient and effective. in order to increase design efficiency and effect, an essential mathematic model about pdpp is established, and two basic constraint sets are given. this model is not only helpful to realize the automation and optimization of pdpp, but also useful to verify the correctness of existing pdpp methods and to find better pdpp methods

文摘:由於工藝過程設計所涉及到的所有尺寸參數幾乎都是耦合著的，因此採用人工的、憑借經驗的方法進行工序尺寸參數設計常常效率甚低.為了提高設計效率及經濟效果，建立了一種工序尺寸參數設計的基本數學模型，並給出了兩個基本可行域的結構.該模型的建立不僅可用於實現工序尺寸參數設計的最優化和自動化，而且可用於證明已有方法的正確性及發現更好的設計方法

A time - frequency analysis method is presented to solve paper machine press section bearing vibration signals of unstable and complication, applying wavelet function to the unstable signals for faulty bearing according to paper machine press section roll bearing characteristic, and process the vibration signals by means of decomposition and reconstruction, obtaining the vibration signals in different frequency bands, the statistic in frequency domain of relevant frequency bands is served as monitoring feature

摘要針對紙機壓榨部滾動軸承尺寸大響應弱、運轉速度低、低頻信號容易淹沒、調制源多、振動信號非平穩性等特點而導致常規的傅立葉分析診斷故障效果不佳的情況，提出了一種應用小波變換的時頻分析方法，對振動信號進行分解和重構處理，獲得了振動信號在不同的頻段的分量，提取相應特徵頻段重構分量的功率譜的頻域統計值作為特徵參數，從而實現對軸承故障診斷。

The research results include the follows : present some rules for selecting measuring method according to the characteristics of product, study some problems in data preprocessing such as noise removing, probe radius compensation, edge data extracting, sun - regions merging, and local data mending or re - sampling etc. to ensure the part cad models being built and assembled accurately at dimension and shape in re modeling application, three kinds of model modifying techniques are presented such as model - based modifying, drawing - based modifying and physical model - based modifying

這些問題包括：根據產品表面形狀及建模方法，提出了一些選擇測量方法的原則；研究了消除測量數據噪聲信號、 cmm測頭半徑補償、測量數據邊界處理、測量數據塊拼合、數據補缺與補測等測量數據預處理問題。為了解決復雜外形產品re建模經常遇到的零件cad模型配合問題與尺寸精度、形狀精度問題，作者研究了基於cad模型的修正、基於零件圖樣的修正、基於物理模型的修正等三種模型修正技術。