展轉體位 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zhǎnzhuǎntǐwèi]
展轉體位
英文
alternative position-
While dissertating the functions of ngos, the author attempts to discard traditional approaches discussing in general functions of ngos ’, but tries to make further expansion, clarify the functions of ngos different fields during the transformation period, and discuss mainly it ’ s two major functions in accelerating social development and the reform of the government ; meanwhile, this article also points out the main problems of ngos in the transformation period : the indeterminate circumscription between ngos and government organizations, misplaced the organization goals, undivided functions of community and politics ; the lapsus in management and difficulties in operation caused by double management system ; the low level of ngos ’ internal management, weak survival ability, and the limited ability in mobilizing resources ; deficient management evaluation mechanism in ngos ’ ; low level of legalized management of ngos ’
在論述非政府組織的作用時，試圖拋開過去泛泛而談其作用的做法，做了進一步的拓展，釐清轉型期非政府組織在不同領域的作用，將其主要定位在對促進政府改革的作用和在社會發展中的作用兩大方面。同時，本文也指出了轉型期非政府組織存在的主要問題:非政府組織與政府組織的界限不明確，組織目標錯位，政社不分;雙重管理體製造成管理體制的漏洞和運作上的困難;非政府組織內部管理水平低，生存能力較弱，資源動員能力有限;非政府組織內部管理評估機制匱乏;非政府組織管理的法制化程度低等。Presently has to emphatically take eight methods for it : taking township project for locomotive to earnestly do well the general grogram on new countryside and new pasture construction ; fulfilling " six great engineering " to accelerate township ' s basic facilities construction of new countryside and new pasture and reinforce socialistic affairs development ; implementing " transformation 、 expansion and promotion " three strategies to increase production and lift efficiency of agriculture and stock breed and raise farmers and nomads ' incomes ; accelerating policy support and financial investments to strengthen the development impetus in countryside and pasture ; further do well program work to lay fundament for prodding the economy rapidly developed in new countryside and new pasture ; enhancing farmers and nomads ' skill training to bring up a group of socialistic new - type farmers and nomads who being cultured, skillful and understanding managements ; entirely deepen the reform in countryside and pasture to enhance the driving force and vitality of development of new countryside and new pasture ; realistically respect and protrude the main body position of farmer and nomad to basically change their traditional value concepts on production and livelihood
目前要著力採取八項措施：以村鎮規劃為龍頭，認真做好新農村新牧區建設總體規劃；實施「六大工程」 ，加速新農村新牧區村鎮基礎設施建設和社會事業發展；實施「轉變、拓展、提升」三大戰略，加速農牧業增產增效和農牧民增收；加大政策扶持和資金投入力度，增強農牧區發展的動力；進一步做好項目工作，為推動新農村新牧區經濟快速發展打好基礎；加速農牧民技能培訓，造就一批有文化、懂技術、會經營的社會主義新型農牧民；全面深化農村牧區改革，增強新農村新牧區發展的動力和活力；切實尊重和突出農牧民的主體地位，從根本上轉變農牧民傳統的生產、生活方式和價值觀念。Especially, as the most integrated model in all the models of position management, position management by object can motivate the initiation and enthusiasm of all the people in the enterprise by means of convert the organization ' s goals into the executable position ' s objectives. as a result of being hortative means and restricting means at the same time, position management by object aims at rapidly promoting the promising development of the enterprise
其中，作為崗位管理模式中最優的崗位目標管理模式，實質就是將組織的整體目標有效轉化為組織中各崗位的可操作目標，使崗位目標既成為一種激勵手段，又成為一種控制手段，從而達到全方位地調動組織內各個群體和全體成員的積極性、創造力和成就感，使企業總目標與各個方面的分目標融為一體，以求得企業的長遠、快速的發展。The ring laser gyro ( rlg ) is a new photoelectric inertia sensor based on the optic interference theory. it uses the difference between the frequency of the two beams of light, which run in the opposite direction in the resonant cavity, to measure the carrier ’ s rotate speed and the orientation in the inertial space
環形激光陀螺儀（ ringlasergyro ，簡稱rlg ）是以光學干涉原理為基礎發展起來的新型光電慣性敏感儀器，它利用環形諧振腔內順、逆運行的兩束光的諧振頻率差來測量載體對于慣性空間的轉速和方位。Government ' s monopoly of capital market also leaded to the " shell " value of listed company which is irrelative to the company ' s invest value, which made the higher general price in the market. in addition to, the structure of investors which is consisting of many individual investors and few institution investors lets it easy to manipulate the stock market for the institution investors. according to the origins of the systematic risk, it is necessary to improve the market mechanism and market efficiency to eliminate the system root of the risk to decrease the risks
突出地表現在：資本市場服務于國企轉制，造成上市公司股權結構存在缺陷，致使公司治理失效，上市公司缺乏持續發展的能力，公司經營風險轉化為市場的系統性風險；政府對資本市場準入的行政性壟斷，形成上市公司「殼」價值，虛高股票市場價格，引發系統性風險；金融市場分割，特別是貨幣市場資金缺乏進入資本市場的正常渠道，利率市場化水平低，影響金融資產定價，導致違規融資盛行，加大了市場風險；而由於市場監管不到位，以散戶為主的投資主體結構，則易導致機構大戶利用內幕信息操縱股價，機構投資者的發展不僅沒有成為穩定市場的力量，反而成為操縱市場的主力，加劇了市場波動。Many planets ( for example, ganymede, mercury, the earth, jupiter and saturn ) and stars ( for example, the sun ) possess intrinsic magnetic fields. the explanation for their existence and variation remains a great challenge to planetary scientists and astrophysicists. this article attempts to review some recent developments and difficulties in the study of magnetohydrodynamics for the electrically conducting fluid interiors of planets and stars. it is the fluid motions, usually driven by thermal convection, that generate and sustain magnetic fields through magnetohydrodynamic processes in planets and stars. in planets, the magnetohydrodynamic processes are strongly affected by the combined and inseparable effects of rotation, magnetic fields and spherical geometry. the key dynamics involves the interaction between the coriolis and lorentz forces. in the sun, it is the solar tachocline, a thin shear flow layer located at the base of the convection envelope, that plays an essential role in the solar magnetohydrodynamic processes which produce the 11 - year sunspot cycle. some results of a new nonlinear three - dimensional solar dynamo model are also presented
許多行星（如木衛三，水星，地球，木星和土星）和恆星（如太陽）具有內部磁場.對這些磁場的存在和變化的解釋對行星科學家和天體物理學家是一個巨大的挑戰.本文試圖總結行星和恆星的導電流體內部磁流體力學研究的新近發展和困難.一般由熱對流驅動的流動通過磁流體力學過程產生並維持在行星和恆星中的磁場.在行星中磁流體力學過程強烈地受到轉動，磁場和球幾何位型的綜合影響.其動力學的關鍵方面涉及科里奧利力和洛倫茲力間的相互作用.在太陽中其流線，即處于對流層的薄的剪切流層在太陽的磁流體力學過程中扮演了一個基本的角色，並由之產生了11年的太陽黑子周期.本文也給出了一個新的非線性三維太陽發電機模型In the hardware design, the paper completes modules ’ design like outside memory, patulous a / d, patulous d / a, rs232 communication, ecan communication, led control, keyboard control, distant control, emulation, reset, logic voltage switch, dsp supply power regulate and ac - dc power circuit, as well as room layout design like anterior panel, back panel etc. and dsp transfers data with peripheral equipments except outside memory using serial ports. besides, the whole circuit is configured in interrupt response. thus, it can meet system demand as well as take full advantage of tms320f2812 ’ s hardware resource. in the software design, the paper finishs programs like the interface programms intercommunicates with people, the distant control program, ad and da modules ’ control program, in addition, the paper select the velocity and acceleration state - feedback algorithm and is written in the program. the software design uses dsp integrate exploiting environment named ccs2. 2 of ti inc. as software instrument, and programs with the combination of c language and assembly language. moreover, in order to maintenance or modify the software expediently and shorten software ’ s exploitation time, the design adopt software modularization technique. finally, some air cylinder experiments are carried out to proved that the pneumatic controller is very practical
在硬體設計中，本文完成了片外存儲器擴展、 a / d擴展、 d / a擴展、 rs232通信介面、 ecan通信總線介面、液晶顯示控制、鍵盤控制、遠程控制、模擬、復位、邏輯電平轉換、 dsp工作電源校正電路和ac - dc電源等模塊設計以及控制器前面板、後面板等的空間布局設計。其中dsp與除外部存儲器的外圍設備之間的數據傳送全部採用串口通信，同時系統電路配置成中斷響應方式，這樣既滿足了系統要求，又充分利用了tms320f2812的硬體資源。在軟體設計中，本文完成了人機界面功能模塊、遠程控制模塊、 ad擴展模塊、 da擴展模塊、速度和加速度狀態反饋的控制演算法的程序設計。It designed signal amplifying circuit, frequency tricking circuit, data sampling and keeping circuit. the choice of 12 bits high accuracy a / d integrated data sampling card made program simply, high flexible and expandable. and to each error which is likely to occur in high voltage capacity type equipment during the monitoring, analysis and judgement are given
在硬體電路實現上，注意選擇信號傳感器；合理設計了信號放大電路和濾波電路；設計了頻率跟蹤電路，數據采樣/保持電路；結合軟體控制選用了12位高精度的a / d轉換器，使軟體編程簡化且具有較高的靈和性和可擴展性。The main problems are : the party is not separated from the government and the power of the party committee is over - concentrated ; managing is over - staffed and the style of management is out - of - date ; the government organization is carved up and the functions of the government is dismembered ; the functions of the governmeng has not essentiallg transformed and their responsibilities are in confusion ; the financial system is imperfect, so the financial capacity of the township is muck limited ; the function of the people ' s congress is so weak that its initiative has n ' t been brought into full play ; the contra diations between the town ship government and the urllage lommittee are sharpening and the regular work is notin normal progress. the causes for these problems are complex. in my opinion, the causes are closely associated with the effect of traditional system of organization, the restricton of administrative surroumding and the unfithess of personnel qualith. and that ' s because the construction of the leqal system is backward and the administrative area is not rationally divided
這些特點和我國實行市場經濟體制的新形勢，暴露了當前鄉鎮行政管理中存在的突出問題，主要表現在：黨政不分、黨委權利過分集中；人浮於事、管理方式陳舊；機構條塊分割，政府職能被肢解；政府職能尚未根本轉變，責任錯位；財政體制不完善、鄉鎮財政舉步維艱；人民代表大會功能柔弱，作用沒有充分發揮；政府與村委會矛盾加劇，工作難以正常開展等等。這些問題存在的原因比較復雜，主要是傳統體制、行政環境的影響和隊伍素質、法制建設的不適應。The turnaround of american tort law from traditional to modern embodied the trend from restricting tortuous liability to expanding. the basic reason of the trend was the transformation of economy and society in the advent of 20th century. at that time, the appeal court of new york became the pioneer in the innovation of american tort law by its eminent economic status and relatively exoteric judicial tradition. on the basis of refuting the formalism legal thought, cardozo carried on and develop the realistic legal thought of holmes and pound. meanwhile, he took full advantage of this practical legal thought in the field of american tort law
美國的侵權行為法由傳統向現代的轉向體現為從限制侵權責任到擴大侵權責任的趨勢，而這一趨勢的產生又是以19世紀末20世紀初美國經濟和社會的轉型為根本動因的。 20世紀初，紐約上訴法院以其顯赫的經濟地位、相對開放的司法傳統，而成為美國侵權行為法變革的先導。在批判形式主義法律思想的基礎上，卡多佐繼承和發展了霍姆斯、龐德等人的現實主義法律思想，並將這種務實的法律思想充分體現在了侵權行為法領域的實踐和創新中。By study, we think that the key of innovation on the organizational mechanism is to establish the central status of peasant households in aom, search for the agent of organizing for the peasant households, give energetic support to the driving functions of dragon - head corporations and transmit the role of the government departments and the committees of village members, recreate the agricultural socialized service system which seems the peasant households as the center
再次，探討農業產業化經營組織機制創新的主要途徑。研究認為，組織機制創新的關鍵是確立農戶在產業化經營中的中心地位，為農戶尋找組織化的「代理人」 ，大力發展合作社等中介組織，增強龍頭企業帶動功能，及時轉變政府部門和村委會角色，重新構建以農戶為中心的農業社會化服務體系。In chapter 9 we summarize the whole paper, and explain the shortages of this paper and problems to further study. main conclusions of this paper are as follows : the first, state - owned funds have always been predominant in venture capital sources in china, and this caused the " government - operated model " which leads to excessive government ' s interferes and distorted venture capital contracts ; the second, limited partnership contract is better than incorporated company contract, because the former has obvious advantages in not only encouragement and controls, but also in investors " profits. however, this paper insists, incorporated company contracts will still be very popular in the near future because limited partnership still be illegal in most provinces of china ; the third, venture capitalists " share of profits in compensation clause of fundraising contracts is influenced by investors " attitude towards difficulties and obstacles of future investment
本文研究的主要結論：第一，在我國風險資本來源中，政府風險資本一直居於主導地位，這造就了我國風險投資的「官辦官營」模式，使其契約機制從一開始就帶有「行政干預」的烙印；第二，有限合夥契約在約束機制、激勵機制、投資者收益三個方面都明顯優于公司制契約，因此是我國風險融資契約的發展方向，但由於有限合夥在我國受到法律限制，公司制契約在一定時期內仍是我國風險融資契約的主要形式；第三，融資契約報酬條款中的激勵系數受主體先驗概率影響，借鑒有限合夥契約，可對我國公司制融資契約進行改造與重構；第四，與債權契約、普通股契約相比，可轉換優先股契約可以有效緩解風險投資過程中的信息不對稱、降低代理成本，因此是我國風險投資契約的最優選擇。Since the reform, budget accounting system have been revised many times however, with the development of socialist market economy system, the budget accounting environment is changing rapidly, government turn to offer public product and adjust market ; the range of the financial revenue and expenditure are diversified, the user of governmental accounting information expand constantly, the requisition of the governmental accounting information improves etc. it is inevitable for the revolution of budget accounting to enhance our government performance and establish modern government managerial system. we should draw lessons from international reform experiences and take the china - style road - the " stage - by - stage - going " way of the reformation
但是，隨著社會主義市場經濟體制的發展，我國預算會計環境正在發生重要的變化：政府和市場在社會經濟運行中的分工逐步明晰；政府職能重點轉向公共品提供和宏觀調控；財政收支的內容和形式更加多樣化；近年實行的部門預算編制、國庫集中收付制度和政府采購制度等預算管理制度方面的改革；事業單位資金來源渠道多元化和經營性業務的增加；政府會計信息使用者的范圍不斷擴大，對政府會計信息的內容和質量的要求不斷提高等。According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d
本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。As a heavy - populated country, china is faced with economic system reform, and the elements of pred system are full of contradiction. county level administrative units are key segment of sustainable development, so it is urgent to study county level pred system evolution
作為發展中的人口大國，我國目前又處于經濟體制轉型時期， pred系統各要素間的矛盾尤為突出，縣級行政單位是落實可持續發展行動的基礎單元和關鍵環節，因此，作為全國pred系統基礎的縣域pred系統演變研究更是迫在眉睫。The applicability of chinese constitution is determined by five factors ; but the influence of former soviet union ' s constitutional theary together with the low law consciousness of chinese society and the constitution ' s low applicability had resulted in the nonapplication of chinese constitution before 1980s ; the application of it in both the special initi - tute authorized by the constitution and the courts since 1980s has shown that the constitution not only should be applied but it is actually applicable, but the application has been in a low level concerning the geographical areao and the cases in which the law is applied
從憲法在現實中適用的情況看：第一，憲法可以也應該適用，因為： （ 1 ）憲法是法，具有法的基本屬性； （ 2 ）憲法是根本法，當它的下位法「缺位」或下位法與它相違背時憲法應適用； （ 3 ）憲法有自己的獨特的調整對象，普通法無法替代，普通法的適用代替不了憲法的適用； （ 4 ）在社會轉型時期，社會關系不斷發生變化，而普通法的較具體性以及法的穩定性使普通法難以適應社會的需要，而憲法的原則性、概括性則能適應社會不斷發展變化的需要。Lijiang dexin hotel is the traveling and sightseeing commercial hotel, which is built according to 4 - star standard, located on the famous international cultural heritage site ; in nanmen, lijiang ancient city, it expresses the building style adequately where naxi s residenters live in, its building mixed with the naxi s traditional culture, simple and unsophisticated, open out the feature of the ancient people s residence adequately, " three lane c shine wall ", " gallop turns turret ", stand on the courtyard, through the corridor, you will see the naxi s culture incisively and vividly
麗江德鑫酒店按四星標準建造，位於著名的世界文化遺產麗古城南門內。是充分展現納西民居建築風格的旅遊觀光商務型新酒店，其建築古樸，亭臺水榭，納西傳統文化融匯其間充分展現了納西族「三坊一照壁」 「走馬轉角樓」的古民居特色駐足於庭院，穿行於長廊，古老的納西文化風韻體現得淋漓盡致，酒店按照四星級酒店標準建設，設施設備全，共有35間套房。Part three has expounded further the explorations investigated rs activities in it environment in several middle schools in lan zhou and the relevant analysis based on those. such aspects as it environment, schools, teachers, students and practice of pbl activities are investigated. it was found that those schools who have no any pbl activity are lack of finance, it facility, rs knowledge, consciousness for rs from leaders in schools, effective organizing activities for pbl, and teachers " research capabilities for pbl ; on the contrast, those schools who have pbl activities achieved many benefits such as students " improved capabilities of acquiring, analyzing, evaluating, and processing information, changes of students " traditional studying manners, students " advanced capacities of synthetically applying knowledge, communication and cooperation, students " developed creative intelligence and practice abilities on research, students " high social responsibility and courage facing to frustration, extended modern education concept and increased performance of teachers, update of schools " facilities, innovation of schools " management system
在本部分，論文通過初步走訪調研、問卷調查，研究從信息技術環境、學校、教師、學生以及研究性學習活動開展的具體實施情況幾個層面進行了詳盡的調查，發現了在未開展活動的學校主要存在以下原因：資金短缺、信息技術環境落後；師生有關研究性學習活動的理論素養貧乏；學校領導思想意識不到位，對研究性學習活動的領導組織不得力；教師的業務能力、科研水平低下等原因；同時也分析了開展活動的學校在活動中取得的收益和存在的不足，其中收獲有：學生方面培養了學生獲取、評價、處理和分析信息等多方面的能力、轉變了學生的學習方式、培養了學生綜合運用知識的能力、培養了學生的創新精神和研究的實踐能力、增強了學生與他人交往、協同工作的能力、增強了學生的社會責任感以及面對困難、戰勝挫折的心理素質；更新了教師的現代教育教學觀念和意識，提高了教師的業務能力和素質；加快了學校教學設施的完善和更新，推動了學校各種管理體制、激勵機制的改革。For example, the research on the general strategy in developing products is inadequate ; the research on the environment and market is inadequate and short of prediction and this is responsible for the short - term effects of the products in the market ; the application of modern technology should be improved in developing products ; investment should be increased ; relevant policies haven " t been carried out properly ; and the transfer of scientific and technological achievements should be speeded up. next the essay analyses the current situations in jianshe group in exploring the motorcycle market. it points out jianshe group " s weak points in product quality, enterprise image, brand reputation and sales network
文章先從宏觀上對比分析中外摩托車產品的發展狀況，結合摩托車產品在國內、國外的需求和競爭的現狀，指出了我國摩托車工業仍有相當的發展空間，然後針對建設集團在產品開發和市場開拓這兩方面工作的具體現狀，做了深入剖析，首先是對產品開發工作，闡明了建設集團在產品開發中具有的人才、技術和經驗等優勢，同時也存在著許多問題，諸如對產品開發總體戰略的研究薄弱，對環境和市場的研究缺乏超前性和充分性而導致產品的市場短期效應，產品開發中現代技術的應用還需加強，產品開發要素投入的不足、政策的不到位以及科技成果轉換、轉化慢等等問題。The basic working principles and characteristics of srm will be described firstly in this paper, as well as its developing survey and researching directions. and then the srd system will be separated into several function parts to be introduced respectively in details : ( 1 ) to analyze the basic characteristics of the srm including electromagnetism, current and torque of every angle field of the rotor based on the subsection - linearized inductance characteristics of stator windings and several idealized supposes. ( 2 ) how to design and realize the h - bridge converter, and the method to use it ; ( 3 ) how to design and realize the controller based on dsp ( tms320f240 ) and the control strategies, as well as the program ; ( 4 ) to introduce the monitor program running in a pc, which is programmed by delphi
本文首先介紹了srm的基本工作原理和特點以及srd系統發展概況和研究方向，然後以srd的功能構成為線索分部分進行介紹： （ 1 ） srm的特性及控制策略分析，在電感分段線性化等簡化條件下分析得出了各個轉子位置角度區間的電磁、電流和轉矩特性並分析了控制策略； （ 2 ）分析設計了h橋式功率變換器的設計和工程實現的方法，並設計了基於這種功率變換器的換相邏輯； （ 3 ）分析設計了以dsp為核心的控制器以及控制方法，並介紹了該控制器的軟硬體實現； （ 4 ）介紹了如何用delphi編制實現上位機監控程序。分享友人