They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem
本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型
巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外
巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式
巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找
出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型
巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為
巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。
An active volcano vomits forth smoke and lava.
活火山噴
出煙霧和熔
巖。
After long - term synthetic action of these factors, the complicated rock mass in the right dam foundation come into being. the adjoining rock engineering geological classification of water - conservancy and hydraulic - power project reconnaissance code ( gb50287 - 99 ), geomechanic system ( bieniawski, 1973 ), rock mass quality index z ( xiaowang, 1995 ), artificial neural network and field classification were used in the rock mass quality classification
本文採用水利水電工程地質勘察規范（ gb50287 - 99 ）的圍
巖工程地質分類、
巖體rmr分類（ bieniawski ， 1973 ） 、
巖體質量指數z分級（小灣， 1995 ）以及人工神經網路分類，對壩區
巖體按其基本指標作
出定量化評分、分級。
On the second floor, mammals are exhibited, what are more fantastic are africa tropical grassland animals and australia marsupial animals ; on the right side, minerals, rocks and precious stones are exhibited and there is also special show room for aerolites
二層左側展
出哺乳動物，其中較精彩的是非洲熱帶草原動物和澳大利亞有袋動物的陳列；右側陳列礦物、
巖石、寶石，並有專室陳列隕石。
The local directional drilling is just staring in terrane, the equipments and the technologies ca n ' t satisfy far and far the spot construction needs, according to current circumstance and considing the existed equipments, the author put forward drilling by air hammer in terrane, having designed compounded - drilling tools, and recommended technology parameters. producing experiments have obtained good achievements in economic and in techniques
國內定向鉆進鋪管技術在
巖層只是剛剛起步，設備、工藝遠遠不能滿足現場施工需要，本文針對國內、外
巖層定向鉆進非開挖設備及工藝現狀，結合國內大多施工單位的已有設備，提
出巖層空氣潛孔錘導向鉆進工法，設計了適合
巖層鉆進的實用鉆具，並提
出具有針對性的工藝參數，生產性試驗取得了良好的經濟技術指標。
In the past 15 years new opportunities to study the region ' s rock and fossil records have finally enabled investigators to piece together a more complete picture of amazonian history
過去15年來，由於有新的機會研究該地區
巖石及化石記錄，終于使研究人員得以拼湊
出更完整的亞馬遜河歷史全貌。
Based on the studies of petrotexture, structural deformation and the relevant metamorphism, this paper indicates that this peridotite massif is the product of ultramafic magma cumulated at the crust - mantle transtion zone and has undergone the early stage of plastic deformation under the condition of granulite facies （ 800 ） and late ductile shearing at amphibolite and greenschist facies in relevance to uplifting
本文通過
巖體的結構、構造變形及相應的變質作用研究，提
出了該橄欖
巖體是由超基性
巖漿在殼幔過渡帶結晶而成，並經歷了與圍
巖一致的麻粒
巖相（ 800 ）條件下的早期塑性變形以及角閃
巖相和綠片
巖相退化變質條件下與逆沖上升有關的韌性剪切變形。
In view of the natural conditions in loess area of gansu, in the light of investigation conditions of seepage of built loess and weak rock highway tunnels in this area and classification of water gushing conditions for railway tunnels, and by engineering analogism, the classification of tunnel water gushing types suited the structure design of highway tunnel waterproof and drainage, and the three methods for checking and subdividing water gushing types are presented
摘要針對甘肅黃土區的自然條件，依據該地區已建黃土及軟
巖公路隧道滲漏水調查情況和鐵路隨道涌水狀態分類，運用工程類比法提
出適合該地區公路隧道防排水結構設計的隧道涌水類型劃分及對涌水類型校核與細分的三種方法。
( 3 ) 6 the 3rd - order sequence have been identified in early cretaceous, the position of sequence is erected on 2 sets andesite
（ 3 ）將下白堊統劃分為6個三級層序，指
出本區兩層安山
巖的層序位置。
By studying, the main conclusions have been achieved as follows : i. the volcanic rocks, as the result of the partial melting of enriched mantle, comprise calc - alkaline andesite and dacite and a few tholeiite
通過研究，得
出以下主要認識： 1 、火山
巖為一套以鈣堿性安山
巖為主，含少量拉斑玄武
巖和英安
巖。
The fault controlled the magmatism and metallization relevant to the contact zone, and deformed successively and produced cataclastic rocks and two sets of joints ; the second stage was from late cretaceous to eocene. the fault zone deformed right - laterally under ne - sw striking transtention, and new joints zone was produced at the end of the two main faults because of local stress concentration. the fault produced inchoative cataclastic rocks, and two sets of typical joints in plutons ; the third stage of deformation was relatively faint and only a little of microcracks was produced and infilled with vei ns in the deformed rocks, which was during the himalayan movement
其後的繼承性活動在斷裂帶內形成碎裂程度最強達到碎裂
巖的碎裂
巖系列構造
巖，變形帶兩側發育兩組典型的共軛剪節理；第二次在晚白堊世?始新世，斷裂在北東?南西向近水平擠壓作用下右行張扭性活動，斷裂帶兩主斷裂在斜列重疊的端部由於局部應力集中進一步擴展形成節理帶，而斷裂在
巖體區也發育兩組典型的共軛剪節理，斷裂內形成初碎裂
巖為主的構造
巖；第三次是喜山期以西側抬升、東側下降的強烈升降為主的活動，在基
巖中，主斷層兩側圍
巖出現微破裂。
Thick volcanic rock layers ( tuff ) occurred along the coast and on offshore islands of eastern hong kong
濃厚的火山
巖層（凝灰
巖）
出現于本港沿岸及東面的離岸島嶼。
In the thesis, the ree concentration and ree distribution patterns are also studied for stream water, granite fissure water and water from carbonatite around the baisha region
本文還討論了該區的河水、花崗
巖裂隙水、灰
巖出露地區地下水的稀土含量及其分佈模式。
According to the characteristics of basalt in guizhou province, in combination with weathering features of basalt, the design of trenches and side - slope are discussed, especially the design of side - slope of the contacting part between basalt and limestone is studied, in order to make the roadbed design safe and reasonable and reach the requirement
摘要根據貴州省玄武
巖出露特點，結合玄武
巖的風化特點，探討玄武
巖路段路塹邊坡設計，特別是對玄武
巖與灰
巖接觸部位的邊坡設計提
出了重點研究，使路基設計既安全合理，又達到環境保護的要求。
The carbonate area is to 32 thousands km2 and it occupies to 38. 83 % of chongqing dimensionality area. and it mostly distributes in the northeast and southeast. the districts and vi counties, which carbonate distribution area is beyond 50 % of dimensionality area, include nantong, nanchuan, wulong, pengshui, qianjiang, youyang, xiushan, wuxi and chengkou
重慶市幅員面積8 . 24萬km ~ 2 ，碳酸鹽
巖出露面積3 . 20萬km ~ 2 ，占幅員面積的38 . 83 ，主要集中於渝東北和渝東南各縣，其中碳酸鹽
巖面積占土地面積50以上的區縣有南桐礦區、南川、武隆、彭水、黔江、酉陽、秀山、巫溪、城口，佔30以上的縣有豐都、奉節、巫山，石柱和涪陵都在28以上。
The bareness carbonatite rock in chongqing is about 3. 91 x 104km2, makes up of 50 % of the overall land, and distributes mostly at northeast ( include three gorges reservoir area ) and southeast counties of chongqing
重慶市碳酸鹽巖出露面積約3 . 91萬km ~ 2 ，約占幅員總面積（ 8 . 24萬km ~ 2 ）的50 ，主要集中分佈於渝東北（其中包括三峽庫區）和渝東南各區市縣。
