惡債 的英文怎麼說

To break the grinding cycle of debt and poverty, yunus lent a total of $ 27 to begum and more than 40 of her neighbors in the village of joba

為了打破債務與貧窮的惡性循環，尤努斯借了廿七美元給貝加姆，再借四十多美元給她在何巴村的鄰居。

This part dissertates the concrete forms and constitution parts of infraction upon rights of obligee, pointing out that two forms are direct and indirect infraction and five constitution parts are : rights of obligee are legal ; infraction conductor has subject bad faith ; infraction conductor actualizes the delict ; rights of obligee are damaged ; the damage is the consequence of the infraction action

在這部分中，重點論述了侵害債權的具體形態及構成要件，指出可分為直接侵害和間接侵害兩種侵害債權的形態。分析了其構成要件： 1 ，債權為合法債權； 2 ，侵權行為人對于其行為主觀上具有惡意； 3 ，侵權人實施了不法行為； 4 ，債權人受到損害。 5 ，侵害債權的行為與損害後果有因果關系。

Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。

At some point, a decline in bond prices can even become self - reinforcing, as the subsequent disinvestment weakens the borrower ' s credit and leads to further bond price declines, until the company is eventually forced into bankruptcy

在某個時刻，當隨即而來的投資減少使借款人的信用下降、並導致債券價格繼續下降時，債券價格的下跌甚至可能變得自我惡化，最終迫使公司破產。

Obligatory right and right in rem. by probing into a dual trading, not only can the essence of right in rem and obligatory right be known better, but non - compliance and malicious act of the third party of mala fides would be disciplined so as tc speed up the flows of resources. the thesis is composed of four parts, totaling about 33, 000 words

二重買賣于實務中頗為常見，在理論上涉及債權與物權等諸多民法上的基本制度，研究二重買賣的法律問題，在理論上有助於深入認識債權和物權的本質，而在實務上對規制出賣人的背信行為和買受人的惡意侵害行為、促進物暢其流和保障社會交易的安全大有裨益。

Odious debt is not repayable.

惡債不予償還。

The most important is to prelect the benefits of creditors. however in practice, the phenomenon of violating creditor ' s rights is always happened. the abusing of rights of bankruptcy is a illegal act. nowadays, the bankruptcy liquidation system of our country is not so perfect, which leads to no particular law to practice. there are enterprises take advantage of it, so they can evade their debts. this phenomenon influences the rights of creditors badly. this essay firstly introduces the expression of damaging the rights of creditors in enterprise bankruptcy, and then further analyses it. this essay analyses the protection of the rights of creditors from these aspects that system of bankruptcy truslee, creditor autonomy, discontinuation of execution, legal responsibility. by seting up a perfect system of bankruptcy truslee, we can contral insolvent properties efficiently

破產是一種保護，破產法的基本原則是既保護債權人也保護債務人的利益，其中重在保護債權人的利益，而實踐中由於種種原因，債權人的利益被侵犯的不正常情形屢屢發生，其中破產權利的濫用更是一種惡意逃債的違法行為。目前我國的破產清算制度和法律體系還很不完善，尤其是非全民所有制企業法人的破產清算制度尚未完全建立，實踐中普遍缺乏可供操作的法律、法規的具體規定，從而導致了利用公司破產、被吊銷等以達到逃避債務目的的現象非常普遍，嚴重損害了債權人的利益。本文從企業破產過程中損害債權人利益的表現入手，對我國企業破產實踐中的損害債權人利益的原因進行剖析。

The food trade balance has shifted sharply against developing countries at a time of growing indebtedness and foreign exchange scarcities.

在發展國家的債務越來越重，和外匯越來越緊缺的時候，它們的糧食貿易收支狀況嚴重惡化了。

He denounced all landlords and money - lenders as evil predators

他痛斥所有地主和放債者都是罪惡的剝削者

While dining at a floating restaurant, he chances upon a high level triad meeting and notices a family being bullied. enraged by the sight he defeats the bullies using his special kick - eighteen dragon slaying kick. at the same time, he unwittingly takes a gold medal which is a precious trophy of the triad gangs

王小虎謝霆鋒飾演身手不凡且具俠義心腸，某日在畫舫用膳時因看不過黑社會到處橫行霸道欺壓債仔，遂與惡霸打起來小虎打交時誤打誤撞地取去黑幫頭子馬坤陳觀泰飾演的羅剎令，更因此惹上馬坤。

Forced to do the devil s bidding, johnny is determined to confront his fate and use his curse and powers to defend the innocent

尊尼得知自己難逃此債，把心一橫，決定與命運對抗，利用自己的異能去幫助那些無辜老弱，一場與惡魔和自己的心魔搏鬥的正邪大戰如箭在弦

Turn back before the wages of sin

在罪惡來向你討債之前

In recent years, increasing amounts of bad credits, caused mainly by lack of social credit and the dislocated relationship between creditors and debtors, have posed a great threat to china ' s financial system

摘要近些年來巨額銀行不良貸款使我國金融業面臨重大風險，產生這種風險的一個重要原因在於社會信用缺失，債權人和債務人關系的歷史錯位，從而導致了惡意逃債的債務人多如過江之卿。

Many took to gambling and got in over their heads, borrowing from shylock to pay their debts

許多人染上了賭博的惡習，愈陷愈深，不能自拔，於是向高利貸者借錢還債。

They feared more bad news, such as the downgrading of bond insurance, could set off a nasty downward spiral

他們擔心更多的壞消息，諸如擔保債券掉價，會引發惡性循環。

Some argue that this is an unsustainable bubble ? that reduced transparency and poorer governance among emerging - market issuers, as well as currency risks, are not reflected in the price

部分市場人事認為，這種發展趨勢是一個不可維持下去的市場泡沫- - - -因為，諸多圍繞新興市場發債人的不利因素：透明度下降，惡化的監管環境，已經貨幣風險，這些因素並沒有反映在票面價格上。

Before the systematic reform of the financial institutions, many enterprises had n ' t repaid the loan to the financial institutions, and many of then have n ' t repaid it even after the systematic reform, and the problem loans maintained the former state. some enterprises want to escape the loans during the systematic reform of the financial institutions, this caused the problem loan of the financial institutions increases continuously

目前，金融機構的問題貸款已成痼疾，惡意、懸空、逃廢、拖欠，甚至拒不償還金融債務的現象屢見不鮮，有相當一部分企業在改制前存在拖欠金融機構貸款行為，改制后對金融債務沒有落實，維護原狀，甚至個別企業借改制之機逃廢債務，致使金融機構的問題貸款不斷增長。

This paper makes an statistical analysis on the rate of every financing amount to overall capital source of chinese listed companies from year 1993 to 2000 and draws the characteristic of the financing order of chinese listed companies : the financing order is stock financing - bank loan - internal financing - bond financing from 1993 to 1997 soon after stock market was set up in china ; affected by various kinds of economic policies and other factors, the financing order is bank loan - stock financing - internal financing - bond financing after 19 98. the conclusion is reverse to the " pecking order theory " and that of the companies in developed countries, namely ignoring internal financing and having a partiality for stock financing, extremely with the disgust to debt financing

本文通過對我國上市公司1993年至2000年資金來源總體情況和和各年各融資方式所佔比重的統計分析，得出我國上市公司融資順序的特徵：我國上市公司在股市建立不久的1993年至1997年其融資順序為股票融資?銀行貸款?內部積累?債券融資， 1998年以後受各種經濟政策和制度因素的影響其融資順序為銀行貸款?股票融資?內部積累?債券融資。說明我國上市公司在融資過程中表現出與西方經典「融資順序理論」 （ peckingordertheory ）以及發達國家上市公司融資順序相異的「融資偏好悖論」 ，即忽視內部融資，對股權融資極度偏好和對債務融資的厭惡。

And you are offering to the ghosts, and hungry ghosts, then also the special being that you have negative karma with, like karmic debt to pay

4供養諸鬼魂及餓鬼道，同時特別供養那些我們對他欠了惡業的債主。

This paper analysis the reason in the level of cost and rules, build a model to test the financing cost of capital of listed companies, compare of the cost of equity financing and debt financing directly, prove the cost of equity financing is lower than debt financing in current period. because equity financing should be improving the capital structure of china ' s listed companies, equity financing is the first choice to the listed companies, another reason of the choice is the risk aversion of the manager to the hard constrained control of debt financing, but the soft constrained control of equity financing, hence the intensity of the equity financing

本文從成本和制度層面對上市公司股權融資偏好的原因進行分析，建立了我國上市公司的融資資本成本核算模型，直觀地比較了股權融資及債權融資的成本，證明在我國現階段股權融資的成本更低，而且由於股權融資可以明顯改善公司資本結構，所以中國上市公司的股權融資偏好是其理性選擇，另外我國上市公司的經營管理層厭惡債權融資還本付息的硬約束，更傾向于股權融資的軟約束，也加強了股權融資偏好的強度。