指令經濟 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zhǐlìngjīngjì]
指令經濟
英文
command economy-
Through analyzing guan zi, zhao guo, fan sheng zhi shu, si min yue ling and other agricultural books, some agronomists on agricultural education, it states that in west han and east han dynasties agricultural science and technology made great progress, such as soil and tillage, drainage and irrigation, farm implements, crop cultivation, gardening, silkworm raising and mulberry growing, environment and ecology, agricultural economics and management
通過對《管子》 、趙過、 《 ?勝之書》 、 《四民月令》等農書及農業科學家農業教育的闡述，指出了兩漢時期的農業教育主要在農業科技教育方面取得進展，具體體現在土壤耕作教育、農田水利教育、農機具教育、作物栽培知識教育、園藝知識教育、蠶桑知識教育、環境生態教育、農業經濟管理教育等方面。“ document of title ” includes bill of lading, dock warrant, dock receipt, warehouse receipt or order for the delivery of goods, and also any other document which in the regular course of business or financing is treated as adequately evidencing that the person in possession of it is entitled to receive, hold and dispose of the document and the goods it covers
「產權文件」包括提單、碼頭賬單、碼頭收據、倉單或移交貨物的命令，和在固定的商務或經濟過程中被視為佔有其的該人有權接收、持有和處理其和其所指貨物的充分證據的任何其它文件。There were two contrary, yet predictable economic consequences from this extraordinary attempt at a socialist "command economy".
在社會主義「指令性經濟」中所做的極端性努力產生了兩個相反的，但可以預見的經濟後果。I suppose when the transmission mechanism basically involves what in a market economy is called moral suasion, but on the mainland is done by administrative order, it is easier for hearts and minds to follow the direction intended
在市場經濟中，政策傳導可以通過道德勸喻，在內地是透過行政指令的形式來運作，使經濟行為沿指定方向發展。Towards the end of the year, the us dollar strengthened again against the yen in the face of a deepening recession in japan, and the eeri rose back to close the year at 106
接近年底時，日本經濟衰退進一步惡化，令美元兌日圓再度轉強，於是港匯指數回升，年底時收市報106 。The payment and settlement system is the indispensable infrastructure of the market economy, which is composed by the capital transferring rules, the payment service ’ s offering organization and the way of realizing the capital ’ s settlement. and, it is also one of the financial arrangements about the realization between liability and assets
支付系統是市場經濟中金融基礎設施的重要組成部分，它是由關于資金轉移的規則、提供支付清算服務的機構和實現支付指令傳送及資金清算的手段共同組成的，用以實現債權債務清償及資金轉移的一種金融安排。In china, during the planned economy era, the government held the planned price regulation model, the price of municipal public utilities production was on or under the brim of marginal cost to reflect the strategy of commonweal, the government undertaked the deficit of municipal public utilities enterprise
建國以來，在計劃經濟思想的指導下，國家一直對城市公用事業採取指令性價格的規制管理模式。出於公益性的考慮，城市公用事業產品的價格一直以低於平均成本甚至低於邊際成本的價格提供給消費者，企業經營所造成的虧損全部由國家負擔。6 economic contracts that violate the state s mandatory plans ; and
六經濟合同違反國家指令性計劃的Especially, his opinions on the reformation of the state ownership and the establishment of the market mechanism broke through the forbidden zone of the traditional economics
他的關于所有制改革特別是國有制改革的理論和實施步驟，以及關于運用市場經濟體制以替代原有的指令性計劃經濟體制的理論和政策、策略都具有重大的突破性和明顯的超前性。These supply us benefit for reference. construction enterprise, on one hand, can select proper strategy on the basis of their own resource and condition, as external environment varies in order to seize opportunity. on the other hand, as reforms on economic systems progresses, and globalization and integration develop, move and move mne ' s come into china, and they confront much more competitors, which cannot be reduced by the nation ' s mandatory plan
對于剛剛從計劃經濟體制下脫胎走向市場經濟的大型國有施工企業，一方面，在擺脫了經濟體制的羈絆后，企業可以根據外部環境的變化和自身的資源和條件選擇適當的戰略，從而抓住機遇促進自身發展，但另一方面，隨著經濟體制改革的不斷深入和經濟全球化和一體化過程的加快，尤其是伴隨跨國公司大量進入中國所帶來的國際競爭的加劇，企業又面臨越來越多的威脅，逐漸失去了政府各種保護的國有大型施工企業再不能靠完成國家指令性計劃就高枕無憂。Anti dumping procedures on the one hand are a way of trade protection, at the same time they also are the expanding of their domestic political disputes into the arena of international trade. in a considerable number of cases, foreigners allege that china is not a market economy, they claim that the government grants chinese companies subsidies and that for this reason the prices of chinese export do not properly reflect their market value. therefore, they turn to the prices of third countries as a measure to determine whether chinese products are dumped onto their markets
在不少的立案中，國外對我國的經濟制度均採取了錯誤地理解，仍將我國視為非市場經濟國家，認為政府過度的給予企業的資助和補貼致使我國出口價格不能真實地反映產品的市場價值，因而參照「替代國」的價格確定我國的正常值並以此為據裁定傾銷；事實上，改革開放以來中國一直在向市場經濟轉型，經過十幾年的發展，我國大部分企業已經成功地進行了體制上的改革，實現了產權明晰，政企分開，企業作為市場經濟的主體獨立地在市場上自主經營、自負盈虧，企業正在向市場化邁進，我國已經努力實現了取消全部的指令性計劃，讓市場按市場規律發展。The socialist market consciously a pply the law of value and give a play to market mechanism, the macro - control of socialist market economy is shifted from direct management of economic activity mainly by administrative means to indirect one mainly by economic and legislative means, and appropriate system of control is set up. to reform the system of economic plan, we gradually reduce the scope of mandatory planning and expand the guiding planning
社會主義市場經濟自覺運用價值規律和發揮市場機制的作用，社會主義市場經濟的宏觀調控從主要依靠行政手段、對經濟活動進行直接調控轉到以經濟手段、法律手段為主的間接調控上來，建立起相應的調控體系，改革經濟計劃體制，逐步縮小指令性計劃，擴大指導性計劃。Eric li, legislator representing the accounting sector, felt that it was unrealistic of the government to say earlier on that 60 per cent of the budget deficit could be solved by economic recovery
立法會會計界議員李家祥說，政府早前指靠經濟復甦解決六成財赤的說法，沒法令人信服。The first target is reasonable. the second, however, looks suspiciously like a target set in a planned economy
前者合理，後者卻極有計劃經濟指標意味之嫌，令人深感憂慮。He noted that, as a positive outcome of the asian financial crisis, economies all over the region were taking important steps towards reforming their financial systems
任志剛指出，亞洲金融危機有一個令人非常鼓舞的正面結果，就是亞洲各地經濟都致力採取重大措施以改革金融體系。This chapter retrospects the history of fiscal transparency in china at first. in the planned economy, the conduct of government is featured by command guidance
本章總結回顧了我國財政透明度的歷史，認為在傳統計劃經濟體制下，政府行為以指令性為特徵，政府及財政管理信息封閉，財政透明度狀況很差。This article first introduces environmental value, its category and assessment of environmental value ; then environmental policy, environmental compensation of usa, and cercla, opa ’ 90 will be introduced. also, rules on assessment of environmental damage contemplated in directions issued by euro parliament and eu council of ministers and their developments will be explored. demonstrative analysis, comparative analysis and etc. will be applied in the research of the above law, and meanwhile, theory of environmental economics will be adopted in assessment of environmental damage
本文首先是通過環境的價值及其分類和評價環境價值的各種方法的介紹，讓大家對環境的價值有初步的認識;再通過對美國的環境對策、補償、責任法（ cercla ） 、油污法（ opa 』 90 ）和歐洲議會及歐盟部長理事會關于環境損害的預防和救濟的指令案中關于對自然環境資源的損害評價規則和發展過程進行分析探討，綜合運用實證分析、比較分析等方法來研究上述法律運用環境經濟學原理來確定損害賠償額的評價方法。What disappoints me most is the disclosure in the budget that for years, the government consumption expenditure deflator adopted in the drafting of the budget is different from the gdp deflator. the huge discrepancy, in particular, is shocking
在整個預算案中，最令我最失望的，反而是政府多年來在計算本身所採用的消費物價變動指數，竟然與整體經濟的物價變動指數不同，而且偏差得如此嚴重。But it isn ' t clear how effectively it can be carried out because the government has been struggling to enforce directives on an economy that is increasingly driven by private business
但是現在要談它的效果如何還為時過早，因為政府正不遺餘力的發布經濟指令調整被私營貿易所驅動的經濟體。In connection with the third risk, members noted that, while the administrative macro - economic adjustment measures had moderated growth in gdp and investment in the mainland, the inflationary and domestic demand pressures did not seem to have abated partly because of the loose monetary and financial conditions
項風險，委員會成員注意到雖然內地行政指令式的宏觀調控措施已令經濟增長及投資放緩，但部分由於貨幣及金融狀況寬松，通脹及內需壓力似乎未有減少。分享友人