探深桿 的英文怎麼說

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

Consequently, to optimize the appearance and structure design of retaining walls, especially to have a deeper understanding of the bearing mechanism of various retaining walls and select city retaining wall type reasonably are of great engineering significances and potential economic effect. based on a thorough analysis of the character and mechanism of city - retaining - wall structures, the design theories, construction technology, new wall types and development tendency are deeply discussed. besides, the characteristics of various types of city retaining wall are discussed, and the usual methods for earth pressure calculation are summarized

本文在綜合分析目前常用城市擋土結構的特點及其受力特性等基礎上，針對一般擋土墻設計理論、施工技術、新型結構以及未來的發展趨勢進行了深入探討，論述了城市擋土結構的特點，並對常用土壓力理論進行了綜述，介紹了城市擋土墻常見的類型，並介紹了常規的設計理論和方法；通過分析比較，優選出錨桿擋土結構和砌塊式擋土結構，並從錨桿錨固原理出發，結合工程實踐和大量現場試驗、對錨桿的抗拔承載力進行了深入研究，提出了用調整雙曲線模型法計算錨桿抗拔承載力的方法，對土壓力計算方法進行了探討，對其設計計算方法進行了研究。

Basing on the requirement of the project supported by chongqing science and technology committee, the study and development on original non - frictional and sequential operation ' s stepless speed regulator, the author has made some analysis to the physical principle and speed adjustment principle. in addition, as the main part of stepless speed regulators, the transformer was more concerned in the study. after probing the creation of its structure principle, this paper reveals its structure and dynamics rule, and creates a dynamics model and synthesis model of transformer

根據重慶市科委技術攻關項目《新型非摩擦式連續作用機械無級變速器的研製與開發》的要求，對該無級變速器的工作原理、調速原理及工作性能進行分析，並著重對無級變速器的核心部件轉換器進行分析，對其結構原理創新進行深入的探討，揭示了其結構及運動學的實質；建立了轉換器的運動學模型和綜合模型；對以轉換器這類以連桿作為輸出構件的曲柄搖桿機構的運動規律及其影響因素，首次進行了較深入、系統的分析研究，得出了一系列以連桿作為輸出構件的曲柄搖桿機構的運動規律。

In order to find out an economical, practical and reliable supporting method, some relevant technical personnel and i, based on successful experiences and project instances, designed the pre - stress anchor board supporting system, which is to exert pressure on the anchors and to independently support slopes. this system has successed and replaced the pile - anchor supporting system used in past

為探索一種經濟、實用、可靠的支護方法，結合一些成功的經驗和工程實例，筆者與有關技術人員一起設計了預應力錨板墻支護技術，在錨桿上施加預應力，主動、獨立支護邊坡，取代了過去了常用的樁?錨支護體系，並實施成功，成為島城近年來深基坑支護主要技術之一。

The foundation engineering is typical in both excavation depth and scale, on the basis of in - situ investigation, the design optimistic of retaining wall was discussioned in this paper, the mian reseaches including : the using of fem optimazition methods of rods system ; the delvopment of programs for optimazition of imbedding depth of structure based on matlab and for whole design optimaziton of the retaining structures based on ansys, under the two controlling factors of the saft coefficient and the reliability probability about the whole damage of retaining atructure ; the analysis on the m index of soil, the depth of retaining structures imbedded in the rock and the overall optimistic design of retaining structures

該基礎工程不論在開挖深度還是規模上都很具有代表性。作者在現場調研的基礎上，探討了基坑支護結構設計優化問題。主要研究內容可以歸納為：應用基於m法的彈性地基梁桿系有限元方法；在圍護結構整體穩定性安全系數與可靠性破壞概率兩種控制因素下，編寫了嵌巖深度優化的matlab程序與圍護結構整體設計優化的ansys批處理程序；進行了地層抗力比例系數反算、地下連續墻嵌巖深度優化與地下連續墻結構體系整體設計優化。

So in this thesis an in - depth exploration of the finite element simulation of fully grouted bolt will be done starting from the study of mechanics mechanism of fully grouted bolt, the result will provide reference for the design of fully grouted bolt and this have value of theory and engineering

為此，本文擬從研究全長粘結式砂漿錨桿的作用機理入手，深入探討其有限元模擬方法，進而為隧道全長粘結式砂漿錨桿的設計提供參考依據，具有重要的理論與工程實際意義。

Secondly, in view of the limitation and shortage of traditional simulation of finite element approaches for bolt, a new composite grouted bolt element including nonlinear contacting relation will be built based on the above study of the mechanics mechanism of fully grouted bolt. then, an elastic - plastic finite element program will be developed for the analyses of tunnel stability, in which the composite grouted bolt element and nonlinear finite element analysis method will be used ; the patterns and the affect of main design parameters on the support effect of bolt will be analysed using the program, and conclusions of guidance importance for tunnel support design will be drawn. finally, simulation compution for the excavation and support of a highway tunnel will be made out using the above production, and the method of application of the program will be discussed ; analysis of the deformation, stress and distribution of plastic range will be done, and rational support plan will be worked out, which is of guidance importance for tunnel support design and the thery and technique of fully grouted bolt used in tunneling will be perfected further

首先，本文在綜合分析隧道穩定性影響因素及失穩破壞模式的基礎上，對全長粘結式砂漿錨桿作用力學機理進行了深入研究，為全長粘結式砂漿錨桿的有限元模擬分析奠定了基礎;其次，針對傳統錨桿有限元模擬方法的局限性與不足，在上述全長粘結式砂漿錨桿作用力學機理研究基礎上，建立出能反映界面非線性粘結的新型復合砂漿錨桿有限單元模型;然後，運用上述復合砂漿錨桿單元模型，引進非線性有限元分析手段，開發了隧道支護穩定性分析的有限元程序，並就全長粘結式砂漿錨桿的型式與設計參數對支護效果的影響進行了深入探討，得到了對隧道支護設計具有指導意義的結論;最後，運用本文研究成果對某公路隧道工程實例進行了開挖與支護的模擬計算，探討了其應用方法，並就隧道變形與應力及塑性區分佈規律進行了分析，從而提出了合理的支護方案，為隧道支護設計提供了參考依據，完善了隧道全長粘結式砂漿錨桿支護的理論與方法。

Abstract : based on the reality of safety management in china, the necessity of utilizing the control mechanism balanced economically by the worker ' s injury to the management is analyzed. further more, the complex evaluation model and index system for building the control mechanism was established

文摘:從我國安全管理實際出發，分析了藉助于工傷保險的經濟杠桿作用實現國家對企業安全管理制約機制的必要性，並對建立制約機制有關的指標體系及綜合評估模型，以及該機制實現等問題進行了深入探討。

Pole type : plug - in depth l1 m distance from probe to flange

桿式：插入深度l米探頭到法蘭的距離

Pole type : insert depth l m distance from the probe to flange

桿式：插入深度l米探頭到法蘭的距離

Based on analysis of the characteristics of the composite soil nailed wall, simulating the soil nail, concrete layer, deep mixing pile and step excavation, a model is established to calculate the deformation of the wall, compiled simple and applied program of one dimension fem ; according to the field test data and the calculated data by the fem software this paper has developed, the design method and deformation of the wall in xi ' an area is discussed. the shape of destructive sliding surface of the wall in loess strata in xi ' an area with deep groundwater is gotten. finally the lateral deformation distribution and the experiential formula to predict maximal horizontal displacement of the composite soil nailed wall are given

針對復合土釘墻構造的特點，建立了模擬復合土釘墻受力變形的一種計算模型，該計算模型可對土釘、面層、深層攪拌樁以及分層開挖等進行簡化模擬；編寫了簡單實用的桿系有限元程序；結合工程實測資料及有限元法分析的結果，探討了西安地區的土釘設計以及復合土釘墻的變形規律，得出了西安地區一般黃土在無地下水時的破壞滑動面形狀，復合土釘墻的側向變形曲線以及計算復合土釘墻最大水平位移的經驗公式。

Thirdly, subspace iterative method is adopted in the paper, and natural periods and modes of preceding fifteen steps of zhongshan no. one bridge are solved, dynamic characteristics of this kind of structural system are obtained, inherent link between dynamic characteristics and structural rigidity is discussed deep, the viewpoint is provided that dynamic characteristics of a structure are considered as important basis whether structural scheme is rational ; in addition, the author brings out some own views and opinions about calculational methods of prestress value of different sorts of tie rods, simulation of local rigidity region, foundation of a local finite element model of a node

另外，提出在施工階段中某些構件的應力有可能比成橋狀態的應力還大，需防止在施工狀態中構件因強度不足而破壞；再次，採用于空間迭代法，求解了拱式組合體系橋梁的自振周期和振型，得出該種結構體系的動力特性，深入探討了動力特性和結構剛度之間的內在聯系，提出了把結構的動力特性作為判斷結構方案是否合理的重要依據。此外，本文還就系桿預應力值的確定方法、局部剛度區域的模擬、節點局部有限元分析提出了作者的見解和看法，對解決類似問題得出了一些有參考意義的結論。

This dissertation has presented a new method on the measuring and checking procedures of the dynamic unbalance of the motorcycle crank and made a deep research on its measuring device. what have been done is as follows : firstly, the dissertation has thoroughly discussed the basic theory of rotor unbalance such as its varieties ， characters and rules of the movement which is under the excitation of the inertial force and inertial moment induced by the unbalance mass. it also has deeply expounded the dynamic mechanics of the specially formed components ? crank, especially in the area of the crank integrated with shaft and piston

本論文針對摩托車發動機曲柄連桿機構為研究對象，對曲柄連桿機構動平衡的測試提出了一種新方法，並對其數字化測試裝置進行了深入研究，完成的主要工作及取得的成果如下：首先，對動平衡理論進行了詳細的探討，論述了不平衡產生的原因，不平衡種類及轉子在不平衡量產生的慣性力激勵下的運動規律，並對曲軸這一結構特殊的剛性轉子的平衡理論進行了闡述，重點研究了曲柄連桿機構這一往復式機械構件的力學特性。

This dissertation has presented a new method on the measuring and checking procedures of the dynamic unbalance of the motorcycle single - cylinder engine crank - connecting rod mechanism and made a deep research on its measuring device. what have been done is as follows : firstly, the dissertation has thoroughly discussed the basic theory of rotor unbalance such as its varieties, damages, characters and rules of the movement which is under the excitation of the inertial force and inertial moment induced by the unbalance mass. it also has deeply expounded the dynamic mechanics of the specially formed components - crank shaft, especially in the area of the crank - connecting rod mechanism

本論文針對摩托車單缸發動機曲柄連桿機構為研究對象，對曲柄連桿機構動平衡的測試提出了一種新方法，並對其數字化測試裝置進行了深入研究，完成的主要工作及取得的成果如下：首先，對動平衡理論進行了詳細的探討，論述了不平衡產生的原因、危害，不平衡的種類及轉子在不平衡慣性力激勵下的運動規律，並對曲軸這一結構特殊的剛性轉子的平衡理論進行了闡述，重點研究了曲柄連桿機構這一往復式機械構件的力學特性。

Thereby, this paper has carried through an in - depth study on wear mechanism between tool joint of drill pipe and casing, problems caused by wear and measures to deal with wear based on researches at home and abroad. the research contents include : in order to reveal mechanism of wear occurred between tool joint and casing, distribution of the contact pressure between the tool joint and casing for different loads was obtained with finite element method. furthermore, the mathematical model of maximum contact pressure and the wear depth on casing was established

所以，本文在國內外研究的基礎上，對鉆桿與套管摩擦磨損的機理、引發的系列問題及其預防措施進行了深入研究，研究內容主要包括：為探討鉆桿接頭與套管摩擦磨損的機理，採用有限元法研究了不同載荷下接頭與套管之間接觸壓力的分佈規律，並建立了最大接觸壓力與磨損量的數學模型。

This paper discusses the performance of load bearing under different boundary conditions by model test and finite element analysis. the x - side binding of the supporting surface connecting with up - side chord member of slice arch is the most important factor that affects membrane effect of the slab. the load bearig capacity of the slab with fixed end increased forty percent of the capacity of the simple - supported slab, because membrane effect of the slab with fixed end is remarkable

本文通過模型試驗和有限元分析，較深入地探討了在不同邊界條件下微彎板的受力性能，結果發現與拱片上弦桿連接的支承面有側向約束條件是影響微彎板的薄膜效應最重要的因素，當該支承面為固結狀態時，薄膜效應十分顯著，其承載力比簡支約束微彎板的承載力提高了約40 。