描述性人類學 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [miáoshùxìngrénlèixué]
描述性人類學 英文
descriptive anthropology
  • 描 : 動詞1. （照底樣畫） copy; depict; trace 2. （在原來顏色淡或需改正之處重復塗抹） retouch; touch up
  • 述 : Ⅰ動詞（陳說; 敘述） state; relate; narrate Ⅱ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 類 : Ⅰ名1 （許多相似或相同的事物的綜合; 種類） class; category; kind; type 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞...
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 描述 : describe; represent
  1. While jean de jeusalem predicts catastrophes and wars for the end of this century, he also describes the future as very beautiful : " humanity will evolve spiritually and regain its true greatness, and humankind will learn to live together in peace.

    雖然瓊德耶路撒冷預言本世紀末將會有災變及戰爭，然而他也描述了未來世界的美景：人類在靈性上將有長足的進展，並再度尋回自身的偉大，同時也將學習如何彼此和平共處。
  2. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  3. Sparedescription : in this paper, the major problems in water resources, flood and drought, and water environment in china are analysed, and new subjects of study on hydrology are pointed out, including the uncertainty of hydrological phenomena, the effect of human activities on hydrology, the calculation of water level frequency, the optimum effcet of water resource development and utilization, the analysis of water supply and demand, the mechanism of water - saving agricultural irrigation, flood and drought prevention, etc

    描述:從水資源開發利用與保護、水旱災害防治等方面論述中國當前存在的主要水問題：水危機和水浪費同時存在、水污染日趨嚴重、防洪減災任重道遠、生態環境破壞嚴重、全球氣候變暖產生不利影響；進而論述水文學研究面臨的新課題：水文現象的不確定性、人類活動對水文的影響、水位頻率計算、水資源開發利用的最佳效應、水資源供需分析、農業節水灌溉機理及水旱災害的防治，並指出必須加強對這些新課題的研究
  4. Abstract : a numerical model which can evaluate the movement of each individual occupant is developed, the model which divides a building setting into planar grids can described the position of each occupant at any point of time. the movement speed and direction of each occupant are dominated by the characteristic in the grids such as density, location etc. the approach in calculating movement pattern of each occupant and the exact evacuation time have been demonstrated in this paper, the result of the simulation is more accurate than that of the other software

    文摘:將建築物在平面上劃分成能反映人員具體位置的幾何坐標網格，根據不同人員在不同網格內的移動特性確定其移動速度，建立了描述人員疏散過程的數學模型，用場模擬的方法可以準確得到建築物疏散時間和人員疏散軌跡，其模擬結果與國外同類軟體對比具有較好的精度。
  5. Although the anthropological foundations for aesthetic experimental writing are diverse, they can be summed up as : ( 1 ) anthropology has dual goals, first describing the diverse social and cultural systems found among human species, and then attempting to discover regularities in this bewildering diversity ; ( 2 ) contemporary anthropological aesthetics provides the foundation for new aesthetics ; it is in itself a kind of experimental writing under the control of the cultural situations

    摘要美學實驗性寫作的人類學依據是各異的，但可以簡要地概括為： （ 1 ）人類學有一個雙重目標，首先是要描述那些分佈於各個人類種族中間的不同社會文化系統，然後又試圖去探索令人困惑的多樣性下所隱藏著的社會文化模式的規律性； （ 2 ）當代人類學美學為新美學提供了基礎，它本身就是一種受文化情境制約的實驗性寫作。
  6. Mathematics is a product of man. its laws were invented to help make sense of the universe, and are descriptive, not prescriptive

    數學是人類的一個產品。它的規則被發明用於幫助人們了解宇宙，它是描述性的，而不是說明性的。
  7. The hot dry rock geothermal energy is a r. ew clean energy and have excellent development prospects, but is not yet exploited on large - scale in our country then to mankind : the theories and technique of the heat extraction all belong to the new task in the new field, and already have a strong appeal to the international technology worker, and already have obtain certainly achievement, on the basis of study by our predecessors, this paper do the as follows work, acquire the following main result : lx present a many fields coupling mathematics model for solid - flow - heat of 3d blocked medium in hdr

    高溫巖體地熱是我國以至人類尚未大規模利用而又極具廣闊開發遠景的新的潔凈能源，對其進行開發利用的理論與技術都屬于新型領域的新型課題，已經吸引了大批的國內外科技工作者的投入，並取得了一定的成果。在前人研究的基礎上，本文做了如下工作，獲得了如下主要成果： 1 、建立了高溫巖體地熱開發的塊裂介質固、流、熱多場耦合數學模型，模型控制方程包括完全耦合的變形方程、滲流方程、熱傳導與對流方程，描述了熱儲層的非線性特性。
  8. The financial theory of behavior integrated by research fruit of psychology, sociology and anthropology erects a set of descriptive models exactly reflecting decision - making behaviors of investors and market running status. the text makes pilot study in respect of investors " behavior of our country with the financial theory of behavior

    行為金融理論結合了心理學、社會學和人類學研究成果，建立了一套能夠正確反映投資者實際決策行為和市場運行狀況的描述性模型，因此，本文用行為金融理論對我國投資者行為進行了初步研究。
  9. Hence, to describe spatial characteristics of oasis landscape quantificationally and discuss the relation between the oasis landscape structure and human activity is most significant for more knowledge of the relationship between landscape structure, natural ecologic process and social economic activities, and for reasonable use of oasis land resources, oasis landscape ecology planning, desertification controlling and oasis environment evaluation, and so on

    因此，定量的描述綠洲景觀的空間特性，探討綠洲景觀結構與人類活動的關系，以便進一步了解景觀結構與自然生態過程和社會經濟活動之間的關系，以及對綠洲土地資源的合理利用、綠洲景觀生態設計和荒漠化的控制以及綠洲生態環境評價等提供科學依據。
  10. Based on existing theories and researches, this thesis aims to explore the coherence among some prosocial behavior patterns ( helping, sharing, co - operation and modestly declination ). outline the trends of children ' s prosocial behavior, probe into the relationships among students " prosocial behavior, peer relationships, interpersonal trust, social desirability and self - esteem in the elementary and middle schools, so that it can give a psychological explanation on the cultivation and education of children ' s prosocial behavior

    本研究力圖在前人已有的研究基礎上，考察中小學生親社會行為中的幾種具體行為類型（助人、分享、合作、謙讓）之間是否具有一致性，描述中小學生親社會行為的發展趨勢，探究同伴關系、人際信任、社會期望及自尊等因素與中小學生的親社會行為之間的關系，以期為中小學生親社會行為的培養與教育提供心理學依據。
  11. This skill extends to depictions of things that anthropologists and archaeologists often find troublesome : equally faithful representations of domed objects, some of them in threes, others with legs or antennae

    這種描述事物的擴展性令人類學家和考古學家經常感到敕手：同樣地對半球形物體的可靠描繪，一些是三個一體，另一個是擁有腳或者天線。
  12. Control systems in modern automatic engineering are nonlinear, time - changed and indefinite. lt is difficult to model by traditional method, even sometime impossible. under these circumstances we should apply model identification to gain the approximate model of object for effective control, there are many models to be chosen, fuzzy model is one of them, it is put forward with the development of fuzzy control. fuzzy model has characteristics of general approximation and strong nonlinear, it is fit for describing complex, nonlinear systems. to avoid rules expansion when the number of input values are very big. in this paper we apply hierarchical fuzzy model to resolve this problem, we also illustrate it has general approximation to any nonlinear systems. genetic algorithm is a algorithm to help find the best parameters of process. lt has abilities of global optimizing and implicit parallel, it can be generally used for all applications. in our paper we use fuzzy model as predictive model and apply ga to identify fuzzy model ( including hierarchical fuzzy model ), we made experiments to nonlinear predictive systems and got very good results. the paper contains chapters as below : chapter 1 preface

    現代控制工程中的系統多表現為非線性、時變和不確定性，採用傳統的建模方法比較困難，或者根本無法實現，在這種情況下，要實現有效的控制，必須採用模型辨識的方法來獲取對象的近似模型，並加以控制，目前用於系統辨識的模型種類很多，模糊模型是其中的一種，它隨著模糊控制的發展而被人提出，模糊模型具有萬能逼近和強非線性的特點，比較適合於描述復雜非線性系統，為了解決模糊模型在輸入變量較多時規則數膨脹的問題，文中引入遞階型模糊模型，並引證這種結構的通用逼近特性。遺傳演算法是模擬自然界生物進化「優勝劣汰」原理的一種參數尋優演算法，它具有隱含并行性和全局最優化的能力，並且對尋優對象的要求比較低，在工程應用和科學研究中，得到了廣泛的應用，本文將遺傳演算法引入模糊模型的辨識，取得了很好的效果。
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