損害鑒定 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [sǔnhàijiàndìng]
損害鑒定 英文
damage survery
  • 損 : Ⅰ動詞1 （減少） decrease; lose 2 （損害） harm; damage 3 [方言] （用尖刻的話挖苦人） speak sarcas...
  • 鑒 : Ⅰ名詞1 （鏡子 古代用銅製成） ancient bronze mirror2 （可以作為警戒或引為教訓的事） warning; objec...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 損害 : harm; damage; injure; damnify; [生物學] lesion; blight
  • 鑒定 : 1 （評語） appraisal （of a person s strong and weak points） 2 （評定） appraise; identify; auth...
  1. Identification method of coal mining damage technology

    煤礦開采損害技術鑒定方法
  2. It consists of eight parts : from part one to part six the following are analysis and studies such as the definition and scope of products both at home and abroad, the definition and norms of judgement of the product defects, the imputation principle of pl, the subject of pl, the pl cause of counterplea, the compensation for damages of pl. etc. in part seven is a brief comparison between responsibility of quote and lawsuit limitation. and a conclusion is drawn from the above seven parts which will gives us some ideas about what we should learn and what will make it perfect for our pl

    第一部分至第六部分依次就中外產品責任法中產品的定義和范圍、產品缺陷的定義和判斷標準、產品責任的歸責原則、產品責任主體、產品責任的抗辯事由、產品責任的損害賠償進行了比較研究並就以上各方面我國產品責任立法必須完善之處分別在各部分進行了闡述；第七部分就產品責任訴訟中的舉證責任和訴訟時效進行了簡略的比較；結語部分就上述七部分我國產品責任法的可供借鑒之處和完善進行了結論性的綜述。
  3. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  4. From roundwood reservoir in county wicklow of a cubic capacity of 2, 400 million gallons, percolating through a subterranean aqueduct of filter mains of single and double pipeage constructed at an initial plant cost of 5 per linear yard by way of the dargle, rathdown, glen of the downs and callowhill to the 26 acre reservoir at stillorgan, a distance of 22 statute miles, and thence, through a system of relieving tanks, by a gradient of 250 feet to the city boundary at eustace bridge, upper leeson street, though from prolonged summer drouth and daily supply of 12 1 2 million gallons the water had fallen below the sill of the overflow weir for which reason the borough surveyor and waterworks engineer, mr spencer harty, c. e., on the instructions of the waterworks committee, had prohibited the use of municipal water for purposes other than those of consumption envisaging the possibility of recourse being had to the importable water of the grand and royal canals as in 1893 particularly as the south dublin guardians, notwithstanding their ration of 15 gallons per day per pauper supplied through a 6 inch meter, had been convicted of a wastage of 20, 000 gallons per night by a reading of their meter on the affirmation of the law agent of the corporation, mr ignatius rice, solicitor, thereby acting to the detriment of another section of the public, selfsupporting taxpayers, solvent, sound

    但是由於夏季久旱，再加上每天供水一千二百五十萬加侖，水位已降到低於排水口。都市監察官兼水道局技官土木工程師斯潘塞哈蒂奉水道局的指示鑒于有可能會像一八九三年那樣被迫利用大運河和皇家運河那不宜飲用的水，除了飲用外，下令一律禁止使用市裡供應的自來水。尤其是南都柏林濟貧院，盡管限定用六英寸的計量器，每個貧民每日配給十五加侖水，然而在市政府法律顧問辯護律師伊格內修斯賴斯的監督下，經查表證實，每夜要浪費兩萬加侖水，從而使院外的社會各階層也就是自費並有支付能力的納稅者們蒙受損害。
  5. It consists of subjective intention or great misfeasance of identifier, illegal identification, result of damages, causality between illegal identification and result of damages

    鑒定人主觀上有故意或重大過失、違法鑒定行為、損害結果、違法鑒定行為與損害結果有因果關系，是這一侵權責任的構成要件。
  6. Abstract : the facts causing medical disputes should be seen from twoaspects, one is bear responsibility by the hospital, the other is not. only those hospital who conform to the conditions of legal responsibility : the subject is hospital, the subject takes wrong behavior, some harm exists, there is causal relationship between wrong act and harm, should bear legal responsibility. people should abandon some wrong ideas, such as hospital must bear legal responsibility under the circumstances of doing harm to patients and medical accident identified

    文摘:引起醫療糾紛的事實可分為應由醫方承擔責任的事實和不應由醫方承擔責任的事實，只有醫方符合法律責任的構成要件? ?即醫療行為的主體是醫療單位、主體有過失或違反義務的行為、有損害後果、而且主體的行為與損害後果之間有因果關系，才需承擔法律責任，以消除只要有損害後果醫方就一定要承擔法律責任和只有鑒定為醫療事故的才承擔法律責任等方面的誤區。
  7. Since genealogy of law in both china ' s mainland and the anglo - american countries has recognized the spiritual infringement compensation claim, there should be a clear definition in china ' s future civil code

    鑒于大陸法系和英美法系各主要國家的立法和判例都已經承認了旅遊合同中的精神損害賠償請求權，因此在我國未來的民法典中也應當對此加以明確規定。
  8. Moreover, it analyzes the doctrine of liability fixation, and summaries the constitutive requirements of liability for medical damages as the following : medical damage, medical fault, causality between medical fault and damage. the second chapter of the article mainly studies issues exist commonly in actions for medical damages. firstly, it makes clear the subject of the liability for damages and subject of the right to damages, and analyzes several problems concerning the medical expertise

    第二章主要研究醫療損害賠償訴訟中具有普遍性的幾個問題，明確了醫療損害賠償的責任主體和請求權主體，分析了醫療損害賠償訴訟中的鑒定問題，論述了醫療過失的認定標準，提出了醫療過失與損害後果的因果關系的復雜性，肯定了我國在醫療損害賠償訴訟中實行舉證責任倒置的合理性，闡述了醫療損害賠償紛紛案件可以適用《消費者權益保護法》和應當適用1年訴訟時效。
  9. Moreover, in the last part of the thesis, the author expounds her views on the compensation for mental damage arisen from breach of contract, a much disputed topic in remedies for breach of contract. if the thesis is of any help to the development of jurisprudence and practice on the scope of compensation for breach of contract, the author ' s efforts will be paid off

    有鑒於此，筆者不揣淺陋，擬從比較法角度，結合我國國情，對違約損害賠償范圍的確定做一比較系統、細化的闡述，並設專章對頗有爭議的違約中精神損害賠償問題闡明了自己的看法。
  10. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  11. This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually

    但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。
  12. Discussion of identifying method about mining damage

    采動損害鑒定方法探討
  13. These problems not only result in extraordinary decentralization and waste of administer justice resources, but also influence the implement and realization of neutral and independent notions greatly, ravage identification ' s scientific nature and legal nature, further destroy the justice in judicature

    這不僅導致了司法資源的嚴重分散和浪費，而且還嚴重影響到中立和獨立理念在司法鑒定中的貫徹與實現，損害鑒定的科學性和法律性，並進一步破壞司法公正。
  14. This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in china wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following : first, under the condition that there is a distance of time between inj ury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation ; the second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries ; the third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation

    本文重點探討的就是公民生命權受到侵害、健康權受到侵害、 「死者人格」受到侵害這三種情形下的受害人近親屬的精神損害賠償請求權問題。探討以介紹和比較國外相關法律規定和學術理論為前提，結合我國的實際情況，從理論與實踐相結合的角度對以上各問題分別進行了分析，並提出了作者自己的一些見解：第一、在公民從受傷害到死亡有一段時間距離的情形下，死者的近親屬除依法享有其固有的精神損害賠償請求權以外，還可以繼承死者生前就其所受之精神損害而享有的精神損害賠償請求權；第二、在加害人的行為已造成直接受害人殘疾，或者是造成其健康嚴重受損的其他後果的情形下，我國應在借鑒國外已有立法和判例的基礎上，賦予一定范圍內的受害人近親屬以精神損害賠償請求權；第三、法律保護死者人格不受侵害的目的是為了保護死者近親屬的利益和維護公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近親屬能證明其訴訟主體的合法性，能夠證實侵害「死者人格」的行為已構成侵權，即可推定死者近親屬因此而遭受了精神痛苦? ?無須舉證的「名義上的精神損害」 ，死者近親屬即可提起精神損害賠償之訴。最後，本文認為，加強對受害人近親屬的權利和利益保護問題的研究，既有一定的必要性，同時又具有十分重要的現實意義。
  15. After defining the nature of company law and company constitution, we have no difficult to decide : it is possible that breaking the company law and company constitution will produce flaw decision of flaws. after considering synthetically two pairs of basic point : break the law and break the company constitution, break the entity rule and break the procedure rule, we decide divided standard of kind of action : as to all grounds of action, we classify breaking the law and breaking company constitution ; as to law, we classify breaking entity rule and procedure rule. all grounds of action that include breaking company law and breaking procedure rule of the law are brought into action on canceling decision, and as to grounds of action that the content of decision break the law, we bring them into action on invalid decision. besides, this thesis talks about the value of action on confirming the decision not exist and action on canceling a

    最後，針對我國目前立法中此項制度的缺失，比較借鑒各國和地區的立法例，建構了我國的股東大會決議瑕疵救濟制度:確立了無效之訴、撤銷之訴和確認決議不存在之訴三類訴訟體制，並且設定對股東會決議中的輕微違法由法官裁量決定是否影響決議的效力，對不影響決議效力的輕微違法移交行政機關處理。此外，還對股東會決議瑕疵救濟的法律後果、該項制度的立法方式、訴訟的當事人、損害賠償問題、訴之合併及撤銷之訴的除斥期間等一一提出了自己的立法建議。
  16. The person held traffic accident liability does n ' t bear private law liability because of executing duty. thereby, the author further clarifies the distinction between traffic accident liability and legal liability. through demonstration, this thesis clarifies theoretically and practically the vague understanding that equates directly traffic accident liability with liability of civil compensation for damage, responsibility for administrative malfeasances and criminal liability

    通過論述，澄清了目前在理論界、實踐中將交通事故責任與民事損害賠償責任、行政違法責任、刑事責任直接等同的模糊認識，揭示了交通事故責任與法律責任的關系，即交通事故責任不是法律責任，而是為其他相關國家機構認定法律責任（刑事責任、行政責任、民事責任）提供證據意義上的鑒定結論。
  17. The thesis constructs the system of civil compensate for environmental damage resulting from gene pollution in some aspects, such as liability principal, constitutive requirements, compensation principle, compensation range, compensation mode and certification of causality. the thesis thinks that some rules from traditional environmental tort should apply to environmental tort resulting from gmos, including no - fault liability, inferred causality and the inversion of the burden of proof. the thesis indicates china should found the funds for prevention of gene risk and create the system of funds for prevention of gene risk in some aspects, such as the mission of funds, resource of funds and operation of funds

    最後，本文認為，與傳統污染相比，基因污染有隱蔽性、增殖性、不可清除性和後果的不確定性等特點;基於風險防範原則和污染者負擔原則，從責任主體、構成要件、賠償原則、賠償范圍、賠償的類型、因果關系的鑒定等方面創造性地構建了gmos導致的環境損害民事賠償制度，主張傳統環境侵權中的無過錯責任原則、因果關系的推定和舉證責任的倒置等也應適用於gmos導致的環境侵權;鑒于傳統民事侵權賠償救濟的種種局限，本文強烈主張構建gmos損害賠償社會化救濟機制，即成立基因風險防範基金，並從基金的用途或任務、基金的來源和基金的具體運作等方面開拓性地建構了基因風險防範基金制度的雛形，設計了基因風險防範基金的兩個配套制度，即基因稅制和gmos強制責任保險制度。
  18. Focused on assessment & compensation for oil pollution damage from ships in dalian bay, the dissertation first makes a deep analysis of the inflection factors to oil pollution damage and then evaluates respective mathematical model, such as measurement of oil property, general models for diffuse and volatilization of such substances according to the numerical simulation of the tidal dynamics in the water of dalian bay. based on the corresponding oil pollution regulations, the scope and judgment criteria of oil pollution compensation are laid out. respective compensation measurement methods are developed after those of more mature international practice

    文中剖析溢油事故可能造成損害程度大小的影響因素，包括建立石油化學數據庫並將油品特性進行量化及通過對大連灣潮流和潮位的計算，建立溢油擴散、揮發模型等；依據現行油污賠償法規，確定油污損害應予賠償的范圍和判定標準；吸收和借鑒國際上相對成熟的評估技術，建立各項損害的賠償計算方法；運用visualbasic6 . 0對損害評估部分進行了計算機編程實現。
  19. In various kinds of contract remedies for commercial affairs, damages is as a kind of most effective remedy, because it can fill in the injured party quickly, and does not need delinquent party to cooperate, it is convenient for court to carry out, so already extensive to acceptance for both parties of contract, however, though the laws of various countries stipulate this system, seeing that historical origins of various countries, difference of the culture background, regulations about the damages are not all the same

    在各種商事違約救濟方式中，損害賠償作為一種最有效的補救措施，因其能以最快速度填補受損害方的利益，且無需違約方配合，便於法院執行，因此已被合同雙方當事人所廣泛的接受，但是，盡管各國法律對此制度都有規定，鑒于各國歷史淵源、文化背景的不同，關于損害賠償相關法律制度的規定也都不盡相同。
  20. This paper deploys research about the damnification identify, employ capacity and reinforce technology with reason of double bend arch bridge through finding out disease position of construct and cause, colligating these result of the actual bridge detection and load test and analysis and research on the theoretics of damnification, and so on, despending on a lots of measure and means, finding out its present condition and checking structure internal force through choosing the proper mechanics model according as a lots of prototype information

    本題以安徽省省道s310上k139 + 000處的大店崗橋為實例，從檢測入手，利用各種檢測方法和手段，了解雙曲拱橋的現行工況，並依據各類原型資料選擇合適的力學模型進行結構內力驗算，通過荷載試驗、理論分析等方法，查明結構的病害部位和形成原因，綜合實橋檢測結果和荷載試驗結果以及損傷理論的分析研究等等，展開對雙曲拱類橋型的損傷鑒定、使用能力和合理加固技術方法的研究。
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