支化異構體 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zhīhuàyìgòutǐ]
支化異構體
英文
branched isomer-
Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映The theory and the implementation of the genetic algorithms are discussed in detail. the question on how to choose the crossover probability, the mutation probability, the scale of population and the numbers of the generation is discussed. then, the mathematics model of the optimal design is established
詳細介紹了遺傳演算法的理論和實現技術，探討了交叉概率、變異概率、群體規模、進化代數等變量的選取問題，建立起了基於遺傳演算法的深基坑支護結構設計的優化模型，結合彈性地基梁有限元法，利用fortran語言編制了gafortran優化程序，程序中包括普通遺傳演算法和改進遺傳演算法。The seasonal variation of the mean meridional circulation and the double - level structure of the hadley circulation are analyzed by the two methods. the paper also studies the zonal difference of the anomalous meridional circulation and the impacts of el nino / la nina events on the local meridional circulation anomaly. conclusions are drawn as follows : 1, the hadley circulations in both hemisphere and the position of their joint uprising branch move wholly with the heat equation, with most north in july and most south in january
然後用簡化方法分析了氣候平均經圈環流的季節變化，論文還對hadley環流的雙層結構和異常經圈環流的緯向差異以及elnino 、 lanina事件對局地經圈環流異常的影響作了研究，結果表明： 1 ，北、南半球hadley環流圈及其共同上升支的位置隨熱赤道作整體性移動， 7月最北， 1月最南。And through the analysis of group differences reflected, on the social network, by the work force in different groups with different professional role in the present rural area, this research gives the prophecy of the evolving tendency of the social supporting network of the work force in the rural area in china. the thesis is divided into four parts : the first part expatiates the focus of attention, purpose, significance, innovation, feasibility, research idea and research methodology of the paper. the second part, through the five aspects of the scale of the social supporting network, relation constitution, compactness degree, convergence and diversity, describes and analyses the general character of the social supporting network of the work force of the rural area, and roots out that the social supporting network of work force in rural area in china is in the process of slow and gradual transform
全文共分四大部分：第一部分，闡述本研究的出發點、目的、意義、創新性、可行性、研究思路以及研究方法；第二部分，從社會支持網的規模、關系構成、緊密程度、趨同性、異質性等五個方面，描述和分析了農村勞動人口社會支持網的一般特徵，發現當前我國農村勞動人口社會支持網，正處于較緩慢的漸進的變革過程中，傳統農民的社會支持網已經開始呈現出一定的多樣性和豐富性的特點；第三部分，通過控制職業角色分化因素，對不同職業角色群體勞動人口的社會支持網進行差異性分析，發現較之農業勞動者群體而言，工商業勞動者群體的社會支持網更為復雜與多樣，其社會效用也更大；第四部分，在概括本文研究結論的基礎上，預測農村勞動人口社會支持網的發展趨勢，明確現代社會網的創新方向。It solves payment issue through sharing pos and brush card. it solves info sharing and exchanging problem by enterprise application integration it adopts research method of software engineering and uses touch - screen, network, database technology and so on to carry through total design of the system and build the software : it uses user status identify and responsibility control to ensure database and application program ' s security ; it strengthen the code by coding optimize ; it captures and discards application runtime error to enhance the system ' s stability ; it uses multimedia voice and moving picture to show help information, thus makes the system easy to use ; it greatly reduces the maintenance work of the system by self - updating function ; it is an opening system by using star - model network top structure, supporting standard network communication protocol ? tcp / ip and offering standard software interfaced criterion
論文採用軟體工程的研究方法，使用觸摸屏、網路、數據庫等技術，進行了系統總體方案設計和軟體開發：通過對數據庫和應用程序的用戶身份識別和權限控制，保證數據存取和應用程序的安全性；通過對代碼進行優化提高了代碼的健壯性；通過捕捉並拋出系統運行時的異常錯誤提高了系統的穩定性；通過多媒體語音、圖形和動畫提示幫助信息來增強系統的易用性；客戶端程序自動升級功能提高了系統的可維護性，有效地減少了維護工作量；系統採用星型的網路拓撲結構，支持標準的tcp ip網路通訊協議和規范的軟體介面標準，具有良好的開放性。Besides the advanced manufacturing technology and theory, a series of correlative technologies are required to the implement of networked manufacturing, especially the technologies of distributed computing, information integration and artificial intelligent etc. aiming at their limitations, the paper reconstructed the key supporting technologies employing the last network technologies and protocols, and established a new architecture of networked manufacturing. finally, the demonstrational researches are conducted with " flexible design and manufacturing system of key parts in large - scale antenna " as prototype. the distributed computing platform available of networked manufacturing is constructed with the distributed object technologies such as corba, dcom, rm1 etc, but those rpc modules bring obstacles to the development of global manufacturing due to their limitations
網路化製造系統是個分佈、異構、鬆散耦合的智能系統，除了先進製造技術與理念本身，網路化製造的具體實現與實施還需要一系列相關技術的支撐，特別是分散式計算、製造信息集成、人工智慧等，論文正是針對當前網路化製造中上述關鍵支撐技術的不足與局限，運用下一代internet核心規范webservices及其相關技術如xml 、 soap 、 wsdl 、 uddi等，提出了面向全球的網路化製造全新分散式計算解決方案（ global - orienteddistributedcomputing ， godc ） ；構造了基於xml - schema的製造產品數據描述語言（ pdmlbased - xml - schema ） ，給出了express xml及steppart21 xml的映射規則，並對基於xml step pdm網路化製造信息集成方案進行了研究；同時運用webservices 、 xml等先進技術與規范對網路化製造的multi - agent模型、表示、通訊、調度等進行了研究與重構；最後，以「大型天線關鍵零件網路化製造」為原型進行了應用研究。The main content of the article is involved as follows : ( 1 ) the construction of system ' s frame and design scheme after the process of collecting experts " experiences and knowledge in the industry of plastic dies at home and abroad ; ( 2 ) concept structure of the whole database after the process of data abstraction and integration, which has previously been concept structure designed and the ensuring data model transferred to be supported by dbms, constructing 266 data files and inputting data ( data files referred to appendix 2 ) ; ( 3 ) the connection between web server and plastic die material database system realized by ado, odbc technology, which will guarantee the mutual information transportation between the database system and different terminals ; ( 4 ) interactive user interface of remote optimization selection es of plastic die material is built by asp technology on the server - side ; the construction of web server ; the functions that will enable clients to inquire information of plastic die materials in the database system by using standard db inquiry language ( program files referred to appendix 1 )
本課題的主要內容是以b s結構為基礎建立基於web數據庫的塑料模具材料遠程選擇優化專家系統，使異地終端能夠通過網路在客戶端進行塑料模具材料瀏覽查詢、塑料模具材料選擇優化等操作，系統可給出符合用戶條件的被選的主要材料的技術資料，如化學成分、熱處理工藝及性能等，以及一些被選材料在行業中實際應用的良好效果等資料，並組成用戶技術文件，以便於用戶進行材料購買、加工和應用；專業人員能夠進行相應的管理。本文重點作了下述工作： （ 1 ）收集國內外塑料模具行業專家經驗與知識，構造本系統的組成框架和設計方案； （ 2 ）對數據進行概念結構設計，經過抽象和集成得到整體數據庫的概念結構，進而將其轉化為dbms所支持的數據模型，建立了266個數據文件並輸入了相關的數據（數據文件名稱列表參見附錄2 ） 。The structured design of profibus system indicated bus access protocol ' s advantages. then, to integrate all sub - system or devices into the synthetic system, it was put forward to lead the ethernet technique into the control network. to solve ethernet " real - time, full - duplex switching was adopted and the system " structure was optimized to solve ethernet " reliability, redundancy technique was adopted and isomerous databases between control network be adopted
對于配置靈活的優勢，則列舉了profibus - dp網路體系的構建過程及其通信軟體設計的方便性，進行例證；對于總線存取協議，則將其支持多主-從結構的特點，與軟體設計中的結構化設計概念聯系在一起，提出profibus系統結構化設計的概念，並用實例驗證了這個概念，以此證實profibus總線存取協議的優異。In section four the thesis in details analyzes the reason of the " alteration " in curriculum implementation, mainly including three aspects of reason : firstly, the reasons of curriculum itself, that is value orientation formerly - designed curriculum, practicability and elasticity of curriculum plan ; secondly, influence come from the interior of education system, that is curriculum design, the difference between designer and implementor, the hinderance of linking up in the chain of main - body ; thirdly, influence come from external environment, that is traditional view from society, the support and policy which forms a complete set from the government, the regional feature of curriculum implementation and the development and changes of times and etc. in section five the thesis talks in details about how to promote to produce " construction " effect and how to restrain " impediment " effect
第四部分，具體分析課程實施中「異變」出現的原因。主要包括預設課程的價值取向、課程計劃的可行性、課程計劃的彈性等課程本身的原因；教育系統內部課程規劃、設計者與課程實施者的異質性、課程實施過程中主體鏈溝通障礙也容易引起異變的產生、課程實施者的素質等方面的原因；外部環境社會傳統觀念的影響、政府部門的配套政策與支持、課程實施的地域特點、時代的發展變化等方面的原因。第五部分，具體探討在課程實施中如何採取相應的措施促進「異變」的建構效應的產生，抑制其阻礙效應的產生。The key to realize the organized integration of various data sources is how to specify all kinds of data by a unique data schema and mask the heterogeneity of their platforms and data structure, etc. there are some shortage in existing data integration systems : complex conversion of any data schema to the common schema ; little integration about semistructured data ; lackness of interoperability in bottom level communication mechanism based on software component
實現數據無縫集成的關鍵和困難是如何以一種統一的數據模式描述各數據源中的數據，屏蔽它們的平臺、數據結構等異構性。已有的數據集成技術，存在一些不足：公共模式同各數據源模式的轉換工作繁雜；對結構化數據的支持較好，而半結構化數據不夠重視，數據源參與集成的程度不高；基於軟體組件的底層通信機制缺乏互操作性。The solution can choose the fittest learning objects for different learners to fulfill their demands, and it can navigate intelligently for the learners. firstly, the thesis introduces the development of e - learning, and analyses the problem of the resources heterogeneity and user needs personalization in e - leaning ; secondly, it introduces the technology and application of ontology and owl which is recommended by w3c latest, and brings up an elementary obtm ( ontology - based teaching model ) to support personal application. it also presents a mechanism of semantic expressing of heterogeneous teaching resources in order to establishe the foundation for the realization of semantic access and personal application to the unstructured teaching information ; next, based on obtm, the thesis creates pedagogical rules and semantic rules
本文首先介紹了e - learning的發展現狀，並對e - learning中遇到的資源異構和用戶個性化需求的問題進行了分析;然後，對ontology與w3c最新推薦的owl本體描述語言的特點及應用分別進行了介紹，初步設計了支持個性化應用和描述的教學本體模型obtm （ ontology - basedteachingmodel ） ，給出了一種面向語義的非結構化教學資源的表示機制，為實現非結構化教學信息的語義訪問和個性化應用奠定了基礎;在obtm模型的基礎上，本文結合jena推理機制，制定了「個性化」的教學策略規則和語義策略規則，使系統可以利用本體推理技術實行教學內容和教學策略自適應控制。Firstly, based on the real situation of the chinese manufacturing industry, the state of the art of advanced patterns in e - manufacturing and related technologies are analyzed. a manufacturing information exchange pattern, which can support the enterprise application integration in the distributed and heterogeneous computer application environment, is put forward. then, the general model of manufacturing information exchange pattern in e - manufacturing is set up to realize the semantic and program codes interaction among different enterprises " information systems and ensure the security and reliability in exchanging manufacturing information
首先，本文在分析國內外網路化製造先進模式及其相關技術的研究現狀的基礎上，結合我國國情和製造業現狀，提出了一種能夠在分佈、異構的計算機應用環境下支持企業應用系統集成的製造信息交換模式，建立了網路化製造中製造信息交換模式的總體框架，有效的保障了不同應用系統之間語義和代碼層次的互操作以及製造信息交換的安全性和可靠性，為網路化製造中企業間製造信息的交換、共享和應用系統的集成提供了實現的基礎。Because adopt corba, it has the distributing character, supports multi - platform, network irrespective and isomerous application. in development, we adopt the plug - in mechanism. the plug - in is an oo unit, it can loose the design of program, provide interface for next development which made our system could expand at any time
這是一種新穎而有效的網路管理體系結構設計方案，相比以前的網管系統，擴展性有了質的提升:由於採用corba ，具有分散式系統的特點，支持跨平臺的、網路透明的、異構的分散式應用程序;在具體開發中，採用插件管理機制，平臺中的插件是一種面向對象的元素，通過插件化可以松耦合程序設計，對二次開發提供了相應的介面，使系統可以隨時擴展。According to procedures and rules for arable land gradation and classification, the thesis make studies with taiyuan city jiancaoping country as study region. this region is a town ' s outskirts which have complicated terrain, differ greatly in land quality and contaminated arable land. the study has centred on the structural system of the index of the arable land gradation and classification, the definition and quantify of the ecological index, the divide of index ' s region and the foundation of data base which is based on mapgis for the arable land gradation and classification
該項研究就是在此背景下，以太原市尖草坪區為研究區域，以《農用地分等定級規程》為技術依據，針對該區域地形復雜、城郊型特點明顯，土地質量差異較大，土地污染現象嚴重等特點，重點對農用地分等定級指標體系的構建、生態環境指標的確定和量化、指標區的劃分，以及基於mapgis支持下的分等定級數據庫的建立和應用等開展了研究。分享友人