改革過的 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gǎigéguòde]
改革過的
英文
reformed-
In the process of reform, it is inevitable to touch on the problem of state - owned assets management system, and people are further convinced the importance of property right management of state - owned enterprise, at the same time, they gradually realize it is not enough to be just with an eye to the reform of enterprises in delegating powers to lower levels and yielding profits, but the problems of inseparate powers of enterprises and government and conversion of enterprise operational system shall be solved completely
黨的十四屆三中全會以來，我國國有企業進行了深化改革，在改革過程中不可避免地觸及國有資產管理體制問題，人們也進一步認識到國有資產產權管理的重要性。同時也逐漸認識到只著眼于企業放權讓利改革是不夠的，應當從根本上解決政企不分和企業經營機制轉換的問題。This paper will focus on the establishment of internal marketization of company a, where author works and participates the process. through the empirical analysis of this paper, author will provide an overall frame of how to establish the enterprise " internal marketization mechanism and corresponding accounting control system
本文將以筆者親身參與的一家中型製造企業? ? a企業的內部市場化改革過程為例，使用實證分析的方法，為如何在大中型企業建立內部市場化管理機制和會計控制系統提供全面的框架。This paper is intended to briefly account the explorations of curricular construction, student autonomy and the like reforms performed by shu xincheng in shanghai public schools in line with the daltonian system, so as to demonstrate shu ' s charming personality in his courage to introduce and adapt the reformsto the chinese education
摘要通過探索舒新城在上海中國公學中學部所進行的有關選科制、學科制、課程結構以及學生自治會改革，特別是剖析了其對道爾頓制在上海的引進、實驗、困惑及其反思，再現了新教育改革家的個性魅力，肯定了適合國情、綜合創造的本土化教育改革的學術價值和現實意義。In the past five years, the merger ? reorganization between the state - owned enterprises is a hot point of state - owned enterprises " reform. by the directly macro - control of macroeconomics " policy, many forms of merger become the general focus of the theory and practice. merger by incurred obligation is one of the shapes that often used in state - owned enterprises and the research about this type is prolonged
在過去的五年裡，國有企業間的兼并重組是整個國有企業改革中的一個熱點，在國家宏觀調控政策的直接作用下，多種形式的兼并成為理論和實踐的共同焦點，承擔債務式兼并是國有企業多種兼并方式中應用最多的一種，對它的研究和探討也長期不衰。It specially points out that there exit some practical problems in the process of the reformation of our state - owned enterprise, such as the vague relation and unclear responsibility between production and right, unsteady judicial system, unseparated government and enterprise, long agency chain, private and personalized right, vague and publicized responsibility and so on
著重指出，我國國有企業在改革過程中存在的一些現實問題。例如：產權關系模糊、責任不清；法人制度不健全；政企不分；代理鏈過長；權利日益私有化和個人化、責任日益模糊化和公有化等等。The forth part is conclusive. the active fiscal policy should only play an auxiliary role in the whole reform course and should not be overestimated about its effect and influence
第四部分是結論部分，認為積極財政政策在整個改革過程中應該而且只能起到一個「敲邊鼓」的作用，不能高估其作用和影響。When it not only could n ' t express and integrate the benefits of people any more, but also was incapable of reforming its own disadvantage that was brought by the groups of vested interest, the gop would be abandoned by the people. that is the reason why the gop lost its ruling position after it had took office for many years. the decline of the gop in many countries puts forward a serious task to the chinese communist party
本文分析其它「老大黨」執政國家政黨體制變遷的過程，研究既得利益集團對政黨體制的影響，借鑒別國執政黨在克服危機改革過程中的得失與經驗教訓，就是要從中探索長期執政的政黨如何在執政過程中防止與糾正既得利益的消極影響，使政黨更好地履行其基本功能，從而鞏固自身的執政基礎、確保執政地位。Basic computer course experienced the process from scattered to systematization and achieved distinct effect in chengdu university of technology
摘要成都理工大學計算機基礎課程教學經歷了一個從分散到統一的改革過程，並取得了明顯的成效，但也存在一些問題。China and america holding company not only has large quantities of overseas returns and has worked many years professional in the international famous investment bank headquarters, also has the specialized talented person which own raises in the china monetary system reform process
中美控股不僅擁有一大批海外歸來及在國際著名投資銀行總部工作過多年的專業人士，也有在中國金融體制改革過程中自己培養出來的專業人才。By reviewing the reform process, the author summarized characteristics of china ' s accounting reform ; i. e. gradual, imposed, passive, experimental, deductive, path - dependent, in harmony with international conventions and chinese characteristic
通過對改革過程的回顧，總結了我國會計改革的七大特徵：漸進式、強制性、被動式、試驗性、路徑依賴、演繹法以及目標導向上堅持中國特色與國際慣例並重。The continuing conflict between the president and the parliament has damaged russia ' s administrative and legislative efficiency, which are urgently needed during its reform process
而在持續不斷的府會斗爭中被犧蘭的正是俄羅斯改革過程中最需要的立法、行政效率。The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate
論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國信貸配給現象之間的聯系：商業銀行對信貸風險的態度變化，在辨別和控制信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本，這一過程會導致信貸配給；商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致信貸配給；宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致信貸配給；商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化，近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化，這一變化過程可能導致信貸配給；在市場分化的條件下，收益水平低的市場會遭受信貸配給；在經濟下滑時期，商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配給信貸；利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄，利差縮窄可能加重信貸配給的程度：在利率市場化條件下，弱勢借款者，包括中小企業，遭受信貸配給的程度可能得到緩解，但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。Courageous chinese leaders challenged entrenched economic privilege divorced from productivity, state - owned enterprises that turned out products that no one bought year after year, and lifetime employment at the expense of a stronger, healthier, more prosperous china. what wto accession means for china china s system could not survive the earlier era of globalization. that china was backward - looking, and did not serve the needs of its people
以上這些原則，大部份似乎都得到中國改革者的贊同。所以在三中全會以後的改革過程中，中國決定打破「鐵飯碗」 。勇敢的中國領導人向脫離生產力並受到層層保護的經濟特權，向產品連年無人問津的國有企業，向使中國無法更加強大、健康和繁榮的終身雇傭制發起了挑戰。Putting the framework salary system ( fss ) into effect as a reform of the school ' s interior management system is very important on stimulating teachers, as a result it can make them more active and creative
在我國中小學的分配製度改革過程中，實行校內結構工資制，是學校內部管理體制改革的重要內容，是激勵教師教育教學積極性、創造性的重要手段。Shall we suggest to the manager that the working system be reformed as soon as possible. 9
8 .我們將跟經理建議盡快地，工作系統是改革過的嗎。Based on the view that tokyo must prompt changes regardless of the administrative structure at the national level, efforts have been made to decentralize power through the introduction of civil - military dual use of facilities at yokota air base, and by responding to the so - called trinity reforms aimed at ensuring greater administrative authority for local governments
基於此觀點：東京必須促進變化而不必理會國家規定的行政結構，通過推行橫田軍事基地設施的民用軍用雙重功能，努力分散權力，實行所謂的「三位一體」的改革，目的是使地方政府擁有更多的職權。Firstly, this article summarizes consideration modes appeared in share structure reform into 3 kinds, including share adjustment, cash payment, and warrants issuance, and proves that consideration modes of share adjustment are completely equivalent to each other, and that consideration modes of share adjustment are equivalent to cash payment and cash payment is equivalent to warrants issuance when we neglect some subordinate conditions. then it is concluded that when we neglect the subordinate conditions, all kinds of consideration modes can be unified as anyone of them, and comparison between different simple or even complex consideration modes can be made. thus all kinds of considerations can be converted to a discounted ratio of stock price decline to figure consideration price of any listed companies paid in share structure reform
本文首先將股權分置改革中的對價方式歸納為股本調整類（非流通股股東向流通股股東送股、非流通股縮股、流通股擴股） 、現金對價和權證對價三大類，通過歸納兩類股東的對價水平評價指標，以及兩類股東的對價效用函數變量在一定條件下的相等，通過七個命題依次證明了股本調整類對價方式的完全等效性，以及在忽略一些次要變量的情況下股本調整與現金對價、現金對價與權證對價的等效性，由此得出在一定條件下可以將股權分置改革中的各種對價方式統一起來，以及不同類或者混合的對價方式之間可以比較對價水平的結論，並通過折算的股價降低率來表示上市公司股權分置改革的對價水平。Therefore, how to better the strategic adjustment of the layout of the state economy and promote the reform of the state - owned enterprises ranges among one of the most urgent
改革過程中帶來的各種問題是我國經濟調整的必然成本，不能因為這種成本而否定「國退民進」的戰略。By stating the reforming spirit ( the spirit of create and reform ) founding the producing department vice minister lee ben in binjiang electrical engineering limited liability company and his colleagues, the case elaborates the profound truth that human is the most important factor in the state - owned enterprise reform
案例通過詳細陳述濱江電機有限責任公司生產部副部長李奔及其同事們勇於創新、善於學習、永不放棄的改革精神及其在生產技術準備計劃方面的改革過程，闡述了在國企改革中人的因素是第一位的深刻道理。As the analysis of game theory in relevant motivation of economy and politics puts it, the factors, costs of reformation, political risks and vested interests, determine a reformation without socialization in a " public equilibrium " among universities, service entity and consumers, which tends to be in " prisoner ' s dilemma " under the guidance of government
通過對改革的利益相關者在改革中的政治、經濟動機的博弈分析指出：改革成本、政治風險、既得利益等因素決定不實施社會化改革是學校、後勤實體、消費者三者的「共謀均衡」 ，在政府改革政策的主導作用下，容易陷入「囚徒困境」 。分享友人