效益成本比例 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiàoyìchéngběnbǐlì]
效益成本比例 英文
benefit-cost analysis
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 益 : Ⅰ名詞1 （好處） benefit; profit; advantage 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ形容詞（有益的） beneficialⅢ動詞...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 比 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等） compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 （比...
  • 效益 : beneficial result; effectiveness; benefit; achievements
  • 比例 : 1. （長度上縮小和放大的倍數） scale; scaling 2. （比率） proportion; ratio; proportionality
  1. According to reality situation hi bank of china mudanjiang branch, the author goes step further to detail and perfect the alrm ' s index within the rule of the central bank and bank of china head office. from secondary banks point of view, the author applies system theory, cybernetics and linear programming theory to establish a set of the index system of the alrm of bank of china mudanjiang branch. the author refers to strengthen and perfect the internal control institution and preventative measure of risk and establish alrm ' s integrated evaluation model and examinatorial method

    論文從二級分行的角度，應用系統理論、控制論和線性規劃理論，建立了一套適合中國銀行牡丹江市分行資產負債比例管理的指標體系，提出了加強和完善中國銀行牡丹江市分行資產負債比例管理的內部監控制度和風險防範措施，建立了該行資產負債比例管理綜合評價模型及考核辦法，並對其組織機構的設計及指標的管理提出了相應建議，初步形成了一套資產負債比例管理的組織、指標管理和評價考核體系，從而使中國銀行牡丹江市分行能夠更好的管理本行的資產和負債，創造更大的效益，增強其競爭能力。
  2. It includes plan on human resources, employment, development and training, achievement and assessment, reward and encouragement, building - up enterprise culture, and so on. this passage is divided into four sections : first, it analyses human resources management theory in order to maintain close ties with reality. second, through perspective of present human resources management status in huaxia bank, shenyang branch and comparison with that of foreign capital banks, in the end we get human resources management methods to huaxia bank, shenyang branch, we resist impulsion of foreign capital banks and catch hold of some points like organization design, position management, application and lection, training and development, performance management, compesation management

    全文共分四個部分：首先分析人力資源管理理論，目的是為了更好地聯系實際，其次通過透視華夏銀行沈陽分行人力資源管理現狀，以及與外資銀行的人力資源管理進行比較，最後得出華夏銀行沈陽分行人力資源管理對策，對策的提出是為了對抗外資銀行帶來的沖擊，本著與國際慣例接軌的原則，抓住組織設計、職位管理、招聘選拔、培訓發展、績效管理、薪酬管理幾個環節，提出全新人力資源管理理念，完成人力資源管理實踐活動，形成人力資源管理戰略，達到員工期望和需要，最終構建出以實現企業戰略和企業文化及價值觀為根本目的的人力資源問題解決方案，以應對入世后國內外銀行的激烈競爭，使華夏銀行能在未來的幾年內，建立起以「用真誠凝聚人才，用培訓提高人才，用利益驅動人才」的人力資源管理機制，構築人才高地，積極引進潛力，滿足華夏銀行入世后轉型再造和創新發展對人才的需要。
  3. This thesis regard internal property reorganization in the group of pangang as the research object, from chengdu seamless steel pipe limited liability company with chengdu iron and steel works inside exterior environment reorganizing in front and back commences, making use of to exceed the makel - bot with of five factors competition models and the method of factors analysis, after analyzing the reorganization of the business enterprise a profession for facing competes the situation. develop the development the business enterprise with the profession industry from the international local profession rival circumstance after analyzing the reorganization should the market position of the establishment with develop the strategy target. make use of the swot the analysis the method, to after the reorganization the development strategy of the business enterprise, from manage the angle proceeded the fixed position analyzes, for after the reorganization business enterprise development provided four kinds of developments strategy that eligibility choose : the brave development strategy, request the resources advantage, funds advantage, human resource advantage, technique advantage that new company make the most of new business enterprise in empress in reorganization, is an essential condition to increases to manage the level, quickly technique reforms, develop the high and additional worth product with new product production line, as soon as quikly change to strong and large business enterprise, realizes soon steel aircraft carrier dream ; dispersion strategy, the technology market quota with deal with produce high additional worth product, completely promote business enterprise brand image, extend high carry product of the exaltation product, is a necessary means to increases business enterprise performance, realizes business enterprise target ; defense strategy, adjusting the business enterprise organizes construction, reducing the intensive type in labor and the low additional worth product line, lower bad the property saves the deal, alleviating the business enterprise burden, attaining the casual wear go to battle, benefitting to the challenge that make frontal attack the rival ; withdraw strategy, compress the production of the high depletion and high cost product, simplify the production craft, controlling the cost of the end product in the lower level, is a valid path to increases business enterprise competition ability

    本論文以攀鋼集團內部的資產重組為研究對象，從成都無縫鋼管有限責任公司與成都鋼鐵廠重組前後的內外部環境入手，運用邁克爾?波特的五力競爭模型及因素分析法，分析了重組后的企業所面臨的行業競爭態勢。從國際國內行業競爭對手情況和本行業發展動態分析了重組后企業應確立的市場地位和發展戰略目標。運用swot分析法，對重組后企業的發展戰略，從管理角度進行了定位分析，為重組后企業發展提供了可選擇的四種發展戰略：即大膽發展戰略，要求新公司充分運用重組后新企業的資源優勢，資金優勢，人力資源優勢，技術優勢，是提高管理水平，加快技術改造，開發高附加值產品和新產品生產線，盡快立於強勢企業之林，早日實現「鋼鐵航母」夢的必要條件；分散性戰略，提高產品的科技含量和生產高附加值的產品，全面提升企業品牌形象，擴大高端產品的市場份額，是提高企業效益，實現企業目標的必要手段；防禦性戰略，調整企業組織結構，削減勞動密集型和低附加值產品生產線，降低不良資產存量，減輕企業包袱，做到輕裝上陣，有利於迎擊競爭對手的挑戰；退出性戰略，壓縮高消耗、高成本產品的生產，降低低端產品的比例，精簡生產工藝，將最終產品的成本控制在較低水平，是提高企業競爭力的有效途徑。
  4. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  5. This agency issue of investor and venture capitalist can be effective to guard against the morals hazard of venture capitalist by limited partnership system ; venture capitalist can guard against the morals hazard of entrepreneur through contract ， which is optimal capital - structure contract in financing decision ， is combining to equity fraction ， stock design and staging finance ， in order to make enterprise financing cost minimum ， profit maximum ， it is minimum that informational asymmetries " level fall to

    在投資者與風險資本家這一級委託代理關系中，有限合夥制可以有效防範風險資本家的道德風險；風險資本家可以通過與風險企業訂立契約來防範第二級代理問題? ?企業家的道德風險，即在融資決策中尋求最優的資本結構契約，在這種契約中結合股權比例，證券組合，分階段投資等方法，以使企業融資成本最低、收益最大，信息不對稱程度降到最小。
  6. The thesis has done the widespread investigation and study to the domestic and foreign ’ s technologies of analogy low voltage and low power, and analyzes the principles of work, merts and shortcomings of these technologies, based on the absorption of these technologies, it designs a 1. 5v low power rail - to - rail cmos operational amplifier. when designing input stage, in order to enable the input common mode voltage range to achieve rail - to - rail, it does not use the traditional differential input pair, but use the nmos tube and the pmos tube parallel supplementary differential input pair to the structure, and uses the proportional current mirror technology to realize the constant transconductance of input stage. in the middle gain stage design, the current mirror load does not use the traditional standard cascode structure, but uses the low voltage, wide - swing casecode structure which is suitable to work in low voltage. when designing output stage, in order to enhance the efficiency, it uses the push - pull common source stage amplifier as the output stage, the output voltage swing basically reached rail - to - rail. the thesis changes the design of the traditional normal source based on the operational amplifier, uses the differential amplifier with current mirror load to design a normal current source. the normal current source provides the stable bias current and the bias voltage to the operational amplifier, so the stability of operational amplifier is guaranteed. the thesis uses the miller compensate technology with a adjusting zero resistance to compensate the operational amplifier

    本論文對國內外的模擬低電壓低功耗技術做了廣泛的調查研究，分析了這些技術的工作原理和優缺點，在吸收這些技術成果基礎上設計了一個1 . 5v低功耗軌至軌cmos運算放大器。在設計輸入級時，為了使輸入共模電壓范圍達到軌至軌，不是採用傳統的差動輸入結構，而是採用了nmos管和pmos管並聯的互補差動輸入對結構，並採用成比例的電流鏡技術實現了輸入級跨導的恆定;在中間增益級設計中，電流鏡負載並不是採用傳統的標準共源共柵結構，而是採用了適合在低壓工作的低壓寬擺幅共源共柵結構;在輸出級設計時，為了提高效率，採用了推挽共源級放大器作為輸出級，輸出電壓擺幅基本上達到了軌至軌;本論文改變傳統基準源基於運放的設計，採用了帶電流鏡負載的差分放大器設計了一個基準電流源，給運放提供穩定的偏置電流和偏置電壓，保證了運放的穩定性;並採用了帶調零電阻的密勒補償技術對運放進行頻率補償。
  7. Then, this paper empirically tested the validation and predictive accuracy of different var risk management model in the domestic financial market. finally, with the analysis of modem financial risk management development trend and the current domestic financial risk management situation, this paper made a prospect for the application of this model in the construction of domestic financial risk management system. through the analysis, the main conclusions are as follows : ( l ) the traditional mean - variance model is the special example of the portfolio selection based on the var risk management model for the case that the returns of the portfolio are assumed to be normally distributed ; compared with the mean - variance model, the var risk management model is more comprehensive and accurate in the measurement of the portfolio risk, so based on the var model, the investors can allocate the asset more effectively. ( 2 ) the var risk management model can provide the timely and comprehensive risk information for the top risk manager, so it is very helpful to the improvement of total risk management efficiency. ( 3 ) based on the var model, the raroc performance valuation approach can reflect the real performance of the portfolio manager and provide the coherent standard for the allocation of risk limitation and the construction of the incentive compatibility constraint mechanism in the financial instiutions

    通過研究分析，本文主要得出如下結論： （ 1 ）傳統的markowitz均值? ?方差模型僅僅是在資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於var風險管理模型進行資產組合選擇的特例，與均值? ?方差模型中的方差風險度量方法相比， var風險管理模型能夠更全面、更貼切地衡量資產組合的風險，且基於此模型能夠更有效地進行資產配置決策； （ 2 ） var風險管理模型能夠滿足更高層次風險管理者對風險信息的需求，有助於整體風險管理效率的提高； （ 3 ）基於var風險管理模型的raroc績效評價能夠反映資產組合管理人的真實業績，從而為金融機構風險限額的分配和激勵約束機制的制定提供統一的標準； （ 4 ）國內證券市場資產組合收益率服從正態分佈的假設明顯不成立，實證檢驗表明基於資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下的方差? ?協方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測存在較大的偏差，由於文中證明在收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於方差? ?協方差模型進行資產組合選擇的結果等價于markowitz的均值? ?方差模型，因此，均值? ?方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測同樣會存在著較大的偏差，而半參數var風險管理模型則能夠取得較好的預測衡量效果； （ 5 ） var風險管理模型符合未來金融風險管理的發展趨勢，基於var風險管理模型建立內容提要風險限額內控體系、風險信息披露體系和業績評價體系，並進行金融監管，將有助於國內金融機構內部風險管理方法和外部監管技術跟上國際金融風險管理的發展潮流。
  8. There are two parts in system : one is client and the other is server. with the information increasing, the two - tier construction shows a lot defect. for example, inefficient ; the operating load is unequal to the unwieldy system ; the cost for maintaining the system is high ; the investment in hardware of client is high

    在信息系統中，兩層結構的客戶機服務器模式一度在計算機業內風行，但隨著it技術的發展，大型數據庫的應用系統的出現，這種兩層結構已不能滿足不斷增長的需求，主要體現在以下幾個方面：執行效率無法滿足日益膨脹的客戶數據請求；過于龐大的系統在負載平衡能力上顯得力不從心；系統維護成本偏高，擴充工作量大；客戶端硬體投資比例大。
  9. This paper takes the example for hulunbeier league, uses qualitative and quantitative methods, probes the following problems : estimation and disposal on investment cost and running expenses of grassland construction investment project estimation of project earnings principles of project borrowings and appliances of financial appraisal indexes and financial statements. based on the above research, conclusions are as following : if previous project period is longer than that of milti - year increment herbage, fixed investment must be considered which is resulted from renewed herbage when cost is estimated ; changes of period of operating cost resulted from renewed herbage and output changes must be considered when cost being estimated ; periodical output changes of herbage not only lead to cost changes, but also changes in project incremental income and relative cost indirectly ; devising suitable project borrowings is beneficial to favorable implementation on every project ; aiming for the characters of grassland construction investment project, selecting practicable financial appraisal statements and financial indexes can make calculating of financial beneficial of grassland construction project scientifically

    本文的研究主要以呼倫貝爾盟草地建設項目為例，基於案例進行定量和比較分析，探討草地建設項目在投資成本和營運成本的估價和處理、項目收益的估價、項目籌資方案的確定原則和項目財務評價指標與評價報表應用方面的特殊問題，得出如下結論：必須在成本估價時考慮牧草的更新所導致的固定投資；在進行成本估價時必須考慮由於牧草的更新和產出變化所導致的經營成本周期性的不同；多年生牧草在產出上的周期性變化不僅會導致成本上發生變化，也會導致項目新增收入的變化和與收入相關的成本間接發生變化；設計合情合理的籌資方案，有利於保證項目中的每一個子項目順利執行；針對草地建設投資項目的特點，選擇適用的財務評價報表和財務評價指標才能更科學地測算草地建設項目的財務效益。
  10. Bocom has achieved six “ firsts ” in china ' s banking reform and development : the first to implement shareholding system for its capital and mode of ownership form ; the first to command an organizational structure based on market rules and cost / return rules ; the first to introduce competition into the banking industry in china ; the first to introduce assets / liability ratio management and apply it for regulating business operations and risk ; the first to build new bank / enterprise relationships based on two - way selection ; and the first commercial bank to integrate banking, insurance and securities businesses

    交通銀行在中國金融業的改革發展中實現了六個「第一」 ，即第一家資本來源和產權形式實行股份制；第一家按市場原則和成本效益原則設置機構；第一家打破金融行業業務范圍壟斷，將競爭機制引入金融領域；第一家引進資產負債比例管理，並以此規范業務運作，防範經營風險；第一家建立雙向選擇的新型銀企關系；第一家可以從事銀行、保險、證券業務的綜合性商業銀行。
  11. Post - assessment for highway project is the final task in the management of highway construction project and its major content includes mainly the assessment of operation condition and benefit of the project during the check period. this paper develops a relation model between velocity and oil - consumption both for expressway and ordinary using the method of example comparison between ji - qing expressway and the corresponding section of 102 state - owned highway, which offers the basic data for transportation cost and further financial analysis

    高速公路后評價是高速公路建設項目管理的最後一個環節，主要內容以項目考核期運營情況及評價和項目效益評價為主.針對這個環節，本文應用實證對比分析的方法，以濟青高速公路和國道102線的實際交通情況為範例，應用統計方法建立了高速公路與普通公路的車速-油耗模型，為運輸成本及財務分析提供了基礎數據
  12. An analysis of the substitution rate of annuity and its corresponding investment risks and ratios can be made in accordance with the historical performance of closed funds through the portfolio effective frontier approach, indicating the upper limits of trust costs and performance management expenses and providing a decision - making approach to the trust investment of firm annuity

    運用投資組合理論的有效前沿方法，依據封閉基金的歷史業績，對企業年金收益替代率的關系以及相應的投資風險和投資比例進行分析，可得出委託代理成本和績效管理費用上限，為企業年金的委託投資提供決策方法。
  13. There are not the jit distribution system and the zero or lack inventory operation. the inventory period of the raw materials is over 30 days with a large amount of current funds. the inventory period is a long time and the high proportion of the gross sales

    由於沒有實行及時配送，無法做到無庫存或少庫存，原材料庫存周期普遍超過30天，從而佔用大量流動資金；產品庫存周期過長，占銷售總額的比例過高；許多鋼鐵企業有自己的車隊、自己的倉庫，投入很大，成本很高，但實際效益很低。
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