方向導數 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [fāngxiàngdǎoshǔ]
方向導數
英文
directional derivation-
And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed
研究結果如下：首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵，對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價，提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集；初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律，進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎；發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象，對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物，通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決；研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段，這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系，是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎；像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響，是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型，並分析了模型的適用性。The structure of air - blast pipe was improved on. an orienting object was installed based on theoretical analysis, that increase the spraying span. it has been found that both spraying span and droplets uniformity improved, by installing the orienting object. according to the results of a great number of experiments, orderliness of droplets diameter along the spraying span was researched, and rational spraying span of air - assisted sprayer was suggested
通過試驗檢驗噴霧機樣機的噴霧性能，並提出對各項參數的優化設計方案。通過正交試驗和對比試驗對霧滴取樣，證明導流器的安裝不僅增加了噴幅，而且還提高了霧滴均勻性系數。根據大量試驗的結果分析，找出了霧滴直徑在噴幅方向上所呈現的變化規律，並提出了合理的噴幅范圍。The cyclo - hoop effect which steel tubular has exert to the concrete shows the character of heterogeneous in the arch rib section, the same to the axial direction. the paper verifies the change of the material poisson ration and the concrete grade will make the cyclo - hoop effect obvious alteration, the change of the cyclo - hoop effect and the stress redistribution of the section produced by the shrinking and creeping of the concrete and the expensive concrete on the section
在鋼管混凝土拱肋斷面上，鋼管對內填混凝土的環箍效應具有非均勻性，在拱軸方向上環箍效應也呈現非均勻性。驗證了材料的橫向變形系數、混凝土標號等參數的變化將引起環箍效應的明顯改變；混凝土的收縮、徐變和膨脹混凝土的應用導致鋼管混凝土的環箍效應發生變化並使截面的應力發生重分佈；並總結了其變化的基本規律。In the system, the collimation semiconductor laser - scanned beam scanning two perpendiculars direct of one plane of the measured workpiece at the same time is made. the beams with the dimension information of two perpendiculars direct are processed by the scanning receive system, the high - speed photoelectric transition and electronic data process. two measured results of the diametric directs and ellipse tolerance, etc, parameter, of the turning workpiece on the same plane are obtained by non - contact automatic measurement
在單向激光掃描檢測技術的基礎之上，提出了一種雙向激光掃描檢測系統，其採用激光掃描檢測技術與特殊光學系統相結合，用準直半導體激光掃描光束對被測工件徑向某一截面的兩個相互垂直方向同時掃描，經掃描接收光學系統、高速光電變換、電子學系統和微機數據處理系統，對將攜帶有垂直方向被測量信息的光束進行處理，實現了回轉體工件同一截面兩個垂直方向的徑向尺寸和橢圓度等參數的非接觸自動測量，解決了同時非接觸測量回轉體零件同一截面兩個徑向尺寸的難題，它具有高速，高精度和非接觸自動測量等特點。Derivatives in higher dimensions, directional derivative and gradient
多維微分、方向導數和梯度。Error estimates of directional derivatives of approximately specified functions
近似已知函數方向導數的誤差估計We discuss several different definitions of directional derivative and gradient vector
摘要討論了幾種不同的方向導數和梯度的定義。Secondly, the new generalized gradient is introduced to take advantage of the given directional derivative
其次討論了一類新的廣義梯度，這樣的廣義梯度能夠充分利用已經有的方向導數的信息。As the directional derivative defined in this paper does n ' t show convexity, when its properties are considered, it is necessary to search for new ways to reach the conclusion
本文定義的廣義方向導數在一般情況下不具有凸性，因而研究其性質時，要採用新的方法來得到類似的結論。Used perturbed method and making inexact generalized gradient projection with cone, perturbed generalized gradient projection method is proposed. the field of the algorithm is extended. numerical experiments show that the method is effective. secondly, using the trust region form and the pseudo - directional derivative of minimax problem, we propose the trust region form of minimax problem
對信賴域法作了進一步的研究，藉助minimax問題的偽方向導數，構造出其信賴域二次模型，並結合非單調策略，給出求解minimax問題的簡單易行的信賴域演算法。Section 3 and section 4 are the main parts of the paper. by employing the directional derivative and generalized gradient in the broad sense, as defined in this paper, the first order necessary condition and the first order sufficient condition of the single - objective non - smooth programming where the objective function is d - regular weak lipschitz function and constrained functions are regular weak lipschitz functions
第三節和第四節是本文的主要章節，以本文定義的廣義方向導數和廣義梯度為分析工具，對目標函數為d正則弱l函數，約束函數為正則弱l函數的單目標非光滑規劃分別給出了一階必要條件和一階充分條件。Finally, this thesis discussed these following questions : first, the algorithm of used the error image for improving the purpose of the edge detection. secondly, we have transformed the solved question of the first and the second directional derivative to frequency domain and founded they have a single formulae in frequency domain. thirdly, we have described the singular signal and the noise by using the correlations of the neighbor data after wavelet transform
最後，在傳統的邊緣檢測演算法和小波分析的邊緣檢測演算法之外，對以下幾個方面也進行了一些討論： 1 ）利用誤差圖像來提高邊緣檢測效果的演算法； 2 ）將求解任意方向的一階、二階方向導數的問題轉換到頻域中去求解，發現在頻域中它們具有簡單易用的公式，使得原來求解任意方向的一階、二階導數的比較困難的問題變得容易實現了。Let / be a function from rn to r. following the definitions of the generalized gradients proposed by clarke and xu yihong, respectively, we define the d - regular weak lipschitz function and propose a new generalized gradient as follows where d _ f ( x ; d ) is the directional derivative of / in the direction d at the point x, namely some properties are proposed
第二節引入基本定義和記號，在clarke和徐義紅提出的各自的廣義梯度的基礎上，定義了一類d正則弱l函數，且提出了一個新的廣義梯度。設f ： r ~ n r ，其廣義梯度為其中為f在處沿方向d的方向導數，即並給出了若干性質定理。Computational flow imaging ( cfi ) uses theoretical predictions of the interaction and transmission of optical waves through theoretical flowfield to generate digital pictures that simulate real observations. it was used to construct flow visualization corresponding to shadowgraph, schlieren, interferometric and planar laser induced fluorescence ( plif ) images. by providing a better insight into the flow physics and cfd code behavior, cfi is proving to be extremely useful to experimentally validate cfd codes
計算光學流動顯示技術（ computationalflowimaging - cfi ）就是把數值計算（ cfd ）獲得的流場中的物理場，經過與實驗相同的計算光學（全息干涉、紋影、陰影、平面激光誘導熒光）的過程轉換為所需的各個方向與試驗流動顯示圖像相對應的計算流動圖像。Its main contributions include the following several aspects : firstly, the dissertation constructs the mathematic model of short baseline orientation determination using two geostationary satellites and analyses the applicable conditions of carrier phase interferometry. orientation determination precision is analysed in depth through both the conventional linearized method and monte - carlo computer simulation method, and the mathematical simulation results show that the linearized method has the shortcoming of fairly low elevation error analysis precision in high latitude area so as not to be very appropriate there. by analyzing the definite factors influencing orientation precision, the dissertation develops the concept of orientation dilution of precision, which uncovers the internal cause of exotic error behavior of bi - satellite orientation, and has important guiding significance for practical engineering applications
本文系統地研究了基於「北斗一號」衛星載波相位干涉測量原理實現地球靜止雙星定向的相關技術，主要研究成果包括以下幾方面:首先，建立了利用兩顆地球靜止軌道衛星進行短基線定向的數學模型，分析了載波相位干涉測量的適用條件;採用傳統的線性化解析法及蒙特卡洛隨機模擬法兩種途徑對雙星定向的精度進行了詳細分析，數學模擬結果表明在高緯度地區線性化解析法由於俯仰角誤差分析精度略有下降而不太適合;在分析定向精度確定性影響因素的基礎上，提出了雙星定向精度衰減因子odop的概念，揭示了雙星定向誤差特殊表現的內部機理，對實際工程應用具有重要的指導意義。This paper focuses on the research of the stress mechanism of the ribbed shell structure in statics, dynamics and under the explosive load on the basis of the engineering practice of cave depot of single aircraft. in this paper, according to the classical shell theories, the basic differential equilibrium of the ribbed shell structure and the finite element analysis of 3d rippled plate are established, in which the function of annular ribs reinforcement bars and 3d ripped steel plates are distributed in the range of the steel, and the functions along the longitude direction of tension, bending, and torsion are neglected ; applied with dynamic analytical theory, the dynamic model of ribbed shell structure and the analytical theory model of elastic - plastic are set up ; the triangle series method is used to solve the displacement and stress under the distributed load and the concentrated load of the ribbed shell structure
本文以軍用機場地面單機掩蔽庫工程建設為工程背景，首次對內襯三維波紋鋼板混凝土拱型復合結構的受力機理進行了靜力、動力和爆炸荷載的分析研究。根據將橫肋、鋼筋及三維波紋鋼板的作用均勻分佈在殼體范圍內的情況，忽略橫肋、鋼筋及三維波紋鋼板沿殼體母線方向的抗拉、抗彎及其抗扭作用，首次推導出了內襯三維波紋鋼板混凝土殼體的微分平衡方程，建立了有限元計算模型，並採用三角函數法，求解了三維波紋鋼板混凝土拱型復合結構在分佈荷載和集中荷載作用下的位移響應和應力響應，並與普通殼體進行了比較。Finally, in the third section, by constructing some functional which similar to the conservation law of evolution equation and the technical estimates, we prove that in the inviscid limit the solution of generalized derivative ginzburg - landau equation ( ggl equation ) converges to the solution of derivative nonlinear schrodinger equation correspondently in one - dimension ; the existence of global smooth solution for a class of generalized derivative ginzburg - landau equation are proved in two - dimension, in some special case, we prove that the solution of ggl equation converges to the weak solution of derivative nonlinear schrodinger equation ; in general case, by using some integral identities of solution for generalized ginzburg - landau equations with inhomogeneous boundary condition and the estimates for the l ~ ( 2 ) norm on boundary of normal derivative and h ~ ( 1 ) ' norm of solution, we prove the existence of global weak solution of the inhomogeneous boundary value problem for generalized ginzburg - landau equations
第三部分：在一維情形，我們考慮了一類帶導數項的ginzburg ? landau方程，通過構造一些類似於發展方程守恆律的泛函及巧妙的積分估計，證明了當粘性系數趨于零時， ginzburg ? landau方程的解逼近相應的帶導數項的schr （ ? ） dinger方程的解，並給出了最優收斂速度估計；在二維情形，我們證明了一類帶導數項的廣義ginzburg ? landau方程整體光滑解的存在性，以及在某種特殊情形下， gl方程的解趨近於相應的帶導數項的schr （ ? ） dinger方程的弱解；在一般情形下，我們討論了一類ginzburg ? landau方程的非齊次邊值問題，通過幾個積分恆等式，同時估計解的h ~ 1模及法向導數在邊界上的模，證明了整體弱解的存在性。This paper uses compare principle to show that there exists at most one of classical solution for ( 1 ), while the existance of solution is obtained through continuous method. to get the required a priori estimates except the double normal derivatives, we adopt the method in [ 3 ], and the double normal derivatives on dq are achieved by barrier constructions and applying skill of [ 2 ]
本文用比較原理證明了問題（ 1 ）至多存在一個古典解，應用連續性方法，得到了問題（ 1 ）古典解的存在。在得到所需的先驗估計時，利用了[ 3 ]中的方法建立了除去邊界二階法向導數外的先驗估計，通過構造閘函數，用[ 2 ]中的技巧得到在邊界（This dissertation studies mainly approximations to special classes of set - valued maps and their applications, in order to compute differentials of some class of set - valued maps and to solve basis theories of constructing high - ordered methods of nonsmooth functions. then results obtained in this dissertation are applied to optimality theories in optimization
本文針對研究非光滑函數的高階演算法的理論基礎和集值映射的微分的計算的課題，主要研究幾類特殊類型的集值映射的（方向）導數的計算與近似，並將得到的結果應用到優化的最優性理論中。Next, in the interior of the patches, surface fitting points and cross boundary derivatives are estimated from the reference curves by constructing virtual iso - parametric curves
其次，在曲面片內部，曲面擬合點和邊界方向導數可以從參考曲線中通過構建虛擬等參線的方法得到。分享友人