有用遺傳變異 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yǒuyòngyízhuànbiànyì]
有用遺傳變異 英文
usable genetic variation
  • 有 : 有副詞[書面語] （表示整數之外再加零數）: 30 有 5 thirty-five; 10 有 5年 fifteen years
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 遺 : 遺動詞[書面語] （贈與） offer as a gift; make a present of sth : 遺之千金 present sb with a gener...
  • 傳 : 傳名詞1 （解釋經文的著作） commentaries on classics 2 （傳記） biography 3 （敘述歷史故事的作品）...
  • 異 : 形容詞1 （有分別; 不相同） different 2 （奇異; 特別） strange; unusual; extraordinary 3 （另外的;...
  • 有用 : useful; serviceable
  • 遺傳 : [生物學] heredity; hereditary; inheritance; inherit
  1. In the present study, aflp ( amplified fragment length polymorphism ) markers was used to examine population of abies yuanbaoshanensis in order to understand the level of population genetic variation and genetic structure. the result would help to evaluate its evolutionary potentiality and the degree of being endangered and could provide scientific basis for making right protection strategy. high - quality dna was extracted using ctab method from those tender leaves of forty - three fully - developed trees in population abies yuanbaoshanensis

    本研究選用一種高效的檢測遺傳變異的分子標記? ? aflp技術來分析元寶山冷杉種群的遺傳多樣性，旨在了解該種群在分佈區內的遺傳變異水平和遺傳結構情況；研究結果將有助於更清楚地認識這一瀕危類群的生存潛力和瀕危程度，而且可以為制定何種挽救和保護措施提供科學的依據。
  2. It was suggested that eric - pcr could substitute for rapd in research related to the genetic identification and genetic diversity in auricularia and other edible and medicinal fungi : 2 to a certain extent, genetic differences among auricularia strains tested in this study did not have necessary relativity with their geographical origins respectively ; 3 in this study, genetic diversity in a. polytricha was higher than that in a. auricula : 4 in this study, a. fuscosuccinea had a higher homology to a. auricula than to a. polytricha ; 5 morphological characteristics validated the results from eric - pcr and provided a potential explanation for the higher similarity coefficient between a. auricular and a. fuscosuccinea ; 6 southern hybridization was employed by choosing a strain from a. auricula as a probe which hybridized with a. auricula and a. fuscosuccinea except a. polytricha, further confirming the veracity of the results from eric - pcr ; 7 in this study, isozyme analysis could not cluster the 7 strains from three auricularia species to different groups efficiently ; 8 2 strains from two auricularia species revealed high conservative degree and the restriction fragment patterns by 4 kinds of restricted enzymes showed no diversity

    本研究中，木耳屬2個種的2個菌株在its區域表現出較高的保守性， 4種限制型內切酶的酶切圖譜沒有顯示出多態性；增加內切酶種類及供試菌株數量，有可能獲得具有多態性的限制性內切酶酶切圖譜； 9本實驗中， its區域的真菌特異性引物與真核生物通用引物對于擴增效果無較大差異，擴增片段長度均為650bp左右； 10根據形態學實驗、 eric - pcr實驗以及southern雜交實驗的結果分析，紫木木耳屬種質資源的遺傳鑒定和遺傳多樣性評價耳極有可能是毛木耳種的一個變種; n .本研究中所用的gutc法是一種適用於木耳屬菌株基因組洲a快速提取的方法; 12 .傳統的形態學分類法和現代的分子生物學分類法，兩者的關系是相輔相成，互為驗證
  3. The method proposed in this thesis do well in solving the problems of multi - damping - ratio - spectra simulation. it is convenient to obtain the pareto optimal solution set of the multi - object question by using implicit parallel genetic algorithms and the method can meet the practical needs for simulating ground motions coinciding with multi - damping - ratio - spectra in seismic design. the crossing rate and variance rate are important parameters of genetic algorithms which affect the rate of convergence, the adapting rate of cross and variation in this paper can auto - adapt and according to stand or fall of current sample, it assures the sample approach to the pareto optimal solution set in fast convergent speed

    較好地解決多阻尼比反應譜擬合問題；本文方法通過一次運行就能獲得一組具有集系特性的地震動，在擬合多阻尼比反應譜的人造地震波集系的模擬方面有傳統方法所不能比擬的優勢，產生的人造波或人造波集系可滿足工程抗震設計需要；在遺傳演算法中，交叉概率和變異概率是影響收斂速度的重要參數，本文採用的改進自適應交叉概率和變異概率，可以根據當前樣本的好壞程度來自動地選擇適當的交叉概率和變異概率，以保證演算法始終以較好的速度向pareto最優解集逼近。
  4. Cluster analysis by upgma methods indicated that these five stocks might be divided into three clusters. results of rapd a nalysis suggested that extensive genetic diversity was detected in this species and the genetic divergence among stocks was relatively high ; upgma phylogenetic tree showed there existed three geographic populations of p. polyactis in the yellow sea and the east china sea, which supported the previous conclusion by morphological and ecological methods. part two : the genetic diversity between trichiurus lepturus and eupleurogrammus muticus random amplified polymorphic dna ( rapd ) technique was applied to 12 individuals from each species of the hairtail fishes trichiurus lepturus and eupleurogrammus muticus collected from the yellow sea

    50一2 . 44 ） ，群體內和群體間的遺傳變異比例分別為69 %和31 % ;群體間的平均遺傳相似度和遺傳距離分別為0 . 9139和o . q861 ;用非加權配對算數平均法（ unweightedpair - groupmethodofari山m七tiome即s ， upgma ）聚類分析的結果表明，所分析的5個群體可被分為3個地理群系，從分子水平上支持了過去有關學者把黃海和東海的小黃魚劃分為北中南3個地理群系的觀點。
  5. Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements

    利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大
  6. Firstly, in this thesis, we discuss the development of one - dimensional cutting stock problems and other well - known algorithms about them, summarize the basic principle of genetic algorithms, and analyze the effect of coding, fitness function, crossover operators and mutation operators in the genetic process of genetic algorithms

    本文首先介紹了一維下料問題的研究概況及其已有的著名演算法，綜述了遺傳演算法的基本原理和方法，分析了遺傳演算法的編碼、適應度函數、交叉和變異運算元在整個遺傳演算法的運算過程中的作用。
  7. The future characterization and genetic analysis for candidate mutant were carried out and find that some candidate mutant ( such as roi30 doil - 1 doi0311131 ) have good phenotype by drought h2o2 aba - stressed treatment. at the same time we also observe the development of candidate mutant at different growth stages carefully. many modal difference between mutant an d wild type at the same period were found, such as more rosette layering fatty and big in leaves, advancment or delay for the flower period, rosettes living in the main stem, shorten in figure, the amount of seed little, sterilization etc. these physiological and modal changes may reflect with maladjustment in expressions of some gene and confusion on their inner control, . we will futher study concrete and detailed function mechanism

    我們對這些擬南芥侯選突變體進行進一步的鑒定和遺傳學分析，發現ro口口、 doil 、 doi口jlll3i等潛在突變株對aba 、過氧化氫及早脅迫有明顯表型，同時對潛在突變體的生長發育進行了詳細的觀察，發現多數潛在突變株與同條件下野生型比出現了許多明顯的形態改變，如:蓮座基葉增多、分層、肥大，花期提前或延遲，主莖生輪座，株型矮化，產籽量少，不育，敗育等，這些生理和形態上的差異很可能反映了它們內部某些基因的表達受到了影響、代謝調控發生了紊亂，具體和詳細的作用機制還需要進一步的研究。
  8. In this paper, fuzzy pid controller based on t - s model has been studied. due to lacks of criterion of optimization and excessive tuning parameters, the adaptive genetic algorithm with variable cross and mutation probability is used to optimize the parameters and the performance of control systems is improved. firstly, based on modified pid - flc with four fuzzy rules, scaling factor and the fuzzy consequent parameters are optimized by aga with multiple performance indexes respectively

    本文主要研究基於t - s模糊模型構成推理形式的模糊pid控制器，針對以往的模糊pid控制沒有統一的參數整定的準則及大量的待整定參數，本文採用具有動態交叉、變異概率的自適應遺傳演算法（ aga ）優化控制器的待定參數，改善了系統的控制性能。
  9. Besides the immunological functions, mhc genes also play important roles in many other respects. the polymorphism of mhc genes, especially of mhc class ii genes, is the most essential property. moreover, mhc genes are usually used to analyze the genetic structure and genetic variation in conservation genetics

    Mhc除了具有免疫功能外，還在其它許多方面起作用： mhc基因的多態性是最受關注的特徵，尤其是類基因，因此可將mhc位點作為一種遺傳標記，用於種群遺傳結構和變異性的研究，這對於一些瀕危物種的遺傳保護起到重要的作用。
  10. This study dealt with the identification and evaluation of 8 maize populations from tropical and subtropical regions under the ecological conditions in zhengzhou, henan. results showed that the significant delaying days to shed and days to silk, discoordinating for the development of male and female, higher plant and ear height, more leaf numbers, high barreness, worse performance of ear traits compared with the ck ( temperate population ) were found, which showed the tropical and subtropical populations could not be utilized directly under the ecological conditions in zhengzhou. by using selection and improvement the tropical and subtropical populations can be used to broaden the genetic base of temperate maize breeding, beause of the greater genetic variation and higher selection potential within each population. the different performances of the sensitivity to photoperiod were observed among different tropical and subtropical populations and different traits. the asi, time to silk, ear height, leaf numbers, grain yield per ear could be used as the good evaluation traits for identifying the sensitivity to photoperiod

    對8個熱帶、亞熱帶玉米群體在鄭州生態條件下的表現進行鑒定和評價，結果表明，熱帶、亞熱帶群體散粉、吐絲期顯著延遲，雌雄不協調，植株和穗位高、葉片數增多、空稈率高，結實性差，果穗性狀均明顯劣於溫帶對照，在鄭州生態條件下不能直接利用，但是群體內具有較大的遺傳變異和選擇潛力，可以用來拓寬現有玉米種質的遺傳基礎；不同熱帶、亞熱帶群體的光周期敏感性不同；不同性狀對光周期反應的敏感程度不同， asi 、吐絲期、穗位高、葉片數、穗粒重可作為鑒定光周期敏感性的較好指標
  11. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  12. The theory and the implementation of the genetic algorithms are discussed in detail. the question on how to choose the crossover probability, the mutation probability, the scale of population and the numbers of the generation is discussed. then, the mathematics model of the optimal design is established

    詳細介紹了遺傳演算法的理論和實現技術，探討了交叉概率、變異概率、群體規模、進化代數等變量的選取問題，建立起了基於遺傳演算法的深基坑支護結構設計的優化模型，結合彈性地基梁有限元法，利用fortran語言編制了gafortran優化程序，程序中包括普通遺傳演算法和改進遺傳演算法。
  13. Based on the genetic algorithm ' s global searching capability with probability regulation and euclid ' s space distance metric to settle multi - objective, the algorithm that integrates multi - objective ' s decision - making into the modified genetic algorithm to solute the optimal model with discrete variables and multi - objective is proposed. during the algorithm ' s design, the euclid ' s space distance metric is proposed to transform the multi - objective problem into single objective problem. and some modified measure to fitness function and crossover probability and mutation probability are used to improve the performance of the algorithm and avoid premature convergence

    演算法設計過程中，利用歐幾里德空間距離準則和罰函數法，將含有約束條件的多目標規劃問題轉化為無約束的單目標優化問題；針對簡單遺傳演算法出現的早熟，構造隨進化代數動態調整適應度的適應度函數和隨個體適應度自適應調整的交叉、變異概率；提出比例選擇與精英保留策略相結合的選擇、兩點交叉和簡單變異的改進遺傳演算法。
  14. A new genetic algorithm based on diffluent mechanism ( dmga ) is put forward. its strategy is that excellent seeds are set limit to reproduce, certified seeds are crossed and bad seeds are mutated. the crossover probability and mutation probability is adjusted by the evolutionary equality

    提出一種基於分流機制的新型遺傳演算法（ dmga ） ，該方法採用優種限量繁殖，達標種交叉和劣種變異的策略，交叉和變異概率根據進化質量自適應地調整，使種群具有很強的可進化性。
  15. In order to enhance the applying efficiency of cl, the cause of premature convergence in binary - coded genetic algorithms ( gas ) is analyzed in this dissertation. the drawback of conventional mutation operator in preventing premature convergence is subsequently pointed out. whereafter, a genetic algorithm, which can be implemented via general logic gate circuit, is proposed

    為了提高計算智能的應用效率，本文分析了二進制遺傳演算法中早熟收斂的成因，指出了傳統的變異運算元在防止早熟收斂方面的不足，提出了一種能有效預防早熟現象的二元變異運算元，並在此基礎上提出了一種便於用常規邏輯門電路實現的遺傳演算法。
  16. Among a total of 134 bands perceived via 16 primers from 7 populations of s. grandis in different regions, 120 bands or 89. 55 % are polymorphic, showing the high genetic variation of individuals

    在大針茅7個群體中，利用16個有效引物共獲得134條譜帶，其中多態性譜帶120條，佔89 . 55 % ，說明個體間發生較高的遺傳變異。
  17. In the laboratory experiment part, human peripheral blood, cultured cells and icr mice were study objects. the changes of mitotic chromosome numbers were measured by human metaphase chromosome counts and statistic analyzed used x2 - test. the changes of meiotic chromosome numbers were measured by mice one - cell zygote chromosome counts and statistic analyzed usedx2 - test. the effects of low dose ionizing radiation on the expression of topoisomerase ii were measured by immunocytochemistry, western blot and rt - pcr

    流行病學結果顯示長期小劑量輻射接觸與染色體不分離呈正相關，為進一步在細胞遺傳學和分子生物學方面研究小劑量電離輻射與染色體不分離關系及其機制，本課題第二部分以外周血、培養細胞、 icr小鼠為研究對象，用外周血染色體計數和單細胞受精卵染色體計數的方法研究小劑量輻射和拓撲異構酶復旦大學2000級博士生學位論文11a抑制劑及其二者的協同效應對有絲分裂和減數分裂染色體不分離的影響，用免疫細胞化學染色、 westernblot 、 rt pcr等方法研究了電離輻射引起拓撲異構酶a表達變化。
  18. It may suggest that h. patula had different genomes from leymus, psathyrostachys and the other three species of hystrix in this study. 6. comparison between the results from rapd and those from issr, it is concluded that : ( 1 ) 40 random primers were screened for rapd fragments, 20 primers produced polymorphic rapd products

    （ 2 ）結果分析的比較：通過兩種不同dna分于標記得出的伽tris 、 lcymus和psathmptachys三個屬間的jaccard遺傳相似系數及遺傳聚類圖具有極顯著的相關性，表明研究中所用的rapd和issr標記數量可以檢測到這些遺傳變異。
  19. Finally, genetic optimization research is summarized on several typical production scheduling problems. after expounding the general idea of genetic algorithm, the comparative advantages in contrast to the traditional algorithm, the basic characteristics of genetic algorithm and its theoretical base, the paper puts emphasis on the efficiency of genetic algorithm in the scheduling of flow shop, and puts forward an improving genetic algorithm : the ordinal genetic algorithm based on the heuristic rules. the new algorithm introduces into the initial group the solution of heuristic algorithm, and in the group structure adopts a strategy of first ordering according to the priority of the adaptive solution, and then defining a new way of choosing probability by segments, which provides more hybridizing opportunity for optimized individuals, and designs variation - control rule to prevent single population and partial optimal solution

    在論述了遺傳演算法的思想、與傳統搜索演算法的比較優勢、遺傳演算法的基本特徵和遺傳演算法的理論基礎（包括模式定理、隱含并行性、基因塊假設、欺騙問題和收斂性定理）后，重點探討了遺傳演算法在flowshop調度問題中的潛力和有效性；結合啟發式規則，提出了一個改進的遺傳演算法?基於啟發式規則的有序遺傳演算法，新演算法在初始種群中引入了啟發式演算法的解，在種群結構上採用了先按適應值優劣排序再分段確定選擇概率的新策略，使優質個體有更多的雜交機會，在變異中設計了變異控制規則，以防種群單一化，而陷入局部優化解。
  20. The 14 sequences contained small signatures that pointed to where they originated - something that could be a useful epidemiological tool - - but there was no major variant in their genetic machinery

    14段排序包含著表明它們源於何處的微小標記，這些都是有用的流行病學調查工具，但在它們遺傳機制上並沒有主要的變異。
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