本質常數 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [běnzhíchángshǔ]
本質常數
英文
essential constant-
Given the initial conditions including ( 1 ) number density distribution in space which has the similar form to the present day ones, ( 2 ) both the power law and gaussian mass functions for clusters, and ( 3 ) two different velocity distributions which one has a constant dispersion and the other is described by the eddington formula, the dynamical evolution of globular clusters in our milky way galaxy is investigated in detail by means of monte carlo simulations
本文採用與觀測結果具有相同形式的球狀星團空間密度分佈函數，在給定兩種球狀星團系統的初始質量譜（冪律的和對數高斯的）和兩種球狀星團系統的初始速度分佈函數（愛丁頓速度分佈函數和常數的速度彌散度）條件下，我們採用montecarlo的方法對球狀星團系統的動力學演化進行討論。When the field is slowly - varying, the scalar field potential acts like a cosmological constant. in addition to the quintessence models, many other theories for dark energy have been proposed, including models based on super - symmetric gauge theories, super - gravity, small extra dimensions, large extra dimensions, quantum field theory effects in curved space - time. all these models are essentially based on the existence of a mass less scalar field acting at a cosmic scale
除了真空場模型外，科學家亦提出其他解釋黑暗能量的理論，這些模型建基於不同的物理理論或假設，例如超對稱規范理論超重力增加一些小或大的空間維數量子力學在彎曲時空的影響等等，這些理論模型，返本溯源，其實背後都假設存在著一個特性類似於宇宙常數的無質量純量場。In succession, it analyses, macrocosmicly and microcosmicly, the impact of the real estate cycle making by the wto and brings forward some strategieso chapter five studys the serious results of our nation " s real estate foam, it studys the causing reasons of the foam and the procreant mechanism of it and distinguishs the foam from the ordinary cyc - le fluctuation, and puts forward a set of index to feretell the foam in advance
第五章研究了我國房地產周期波動過程中的房地產泡沫現象及其產重後果，分析了房地產泡沫產生的原因和產生的機理及其與周期正常波動的本質區別。為防範房地產泡沫，提出一套泡沫預警指標體系，建議採用功效系數法建立房地產泡沫預警系統，從而達到監側房地產泡沫的目的。Recognizing the cumbersome nature of the language - neutral dom constructs, jdom aims to use native java representations and objects, and provide convenience functions for common tasks
由於認識到語言無關dom構造的棘手本質， jdom目標在於使用內嵌的java表示和對象，並且為常用任務提供便利的函數。At last, we discuss the structure of d - stars in the spacetime with a nonzero cosmological constant. the metric and effective mass formula of d - stars have been educed
本文的第三部分，主要討論了帶有非零宇宙常數時空中d星的結構，導出了它的度規和有效質量公式。For the research of pointwise geometric property, in this thesis, we creatively introduced pointwise geometric constant
為研究點態幾何性質，本文首創引入點態幾何常數。Although uml activity diagram is magnitude component in uml, which agrees with modeling system dynamic process and describing workflow, it is immature in itself with the characteristic of non - oriented - object and essentially different from other uml diagram, and need to be ameliorated especially when applicated in workflow, own to the following limitation : firstly, activity diagram describes the behaviors of object class that response the inner action, so uml activity diagram is generally on the assumption of that there is no interruption caused by outer events during the process and no time defer, which limits the ability of uml activity diagram discribing complicated process ; secondly, user cannot obtain enough information of object data, and cannot make sure the character of mutual objects because of actually complicated object and relatively simple object expression in uml activity diagram ; lastly, owe to lacking rigorous mathematical basis and strict, effective methods of validation and analysis, uml activity diagram cannot support the simulation and optimization of workflow, let alone optimizating the model based on the result
Uml活動圖是uml的重要組成部分，適用於系統動態行為建模和描述工作流，與uml的其他圖形工具不同，它本質上是非面向對象的，而且其本身並不成熟，仍在改進之中，特別是在工作流應用方面。首先， uml活動圖描述的是響應內部處理的對象類的行為， uml活動圖通常假定在整個計算處理的過程中沒有外部事件引起的中斷，也沒有時間的延遲，這就限制了uml活動圖對一些復雜過程描述能力。第二，現實世界業務過程涉及的對象數據十分復雜，但是uml活動圖的對象語義卻非常簡略，用戶基本上無法從uml活動圖中獲取關于對象數據的信息，也不能確定參與交互的對象的特徵。The stability of electric power system has been being focused for a long time toprevent a power system from losing synchronism after sudden fault ， researchers have done much work and got many accomplishments this paper applied the direct feedback linearization ( dfl ) technique on the power system ， a strong nonlinear system simulation results by matlab proved this method efficiency main works and results are as follows ： this paper compared some existing methods in excitation control ， fast valve control and coordinated control respectively, analyzed the developments and actuality of nonlinear control research in brief, illustrated why ransient stability could be greatly improved by using the fast valve control in chapter 3 ， indicated the importance of coordinated control farther this paper introduced the inverse system theory, based on which ， discussed the dfl theory, pointed out which had consistency with the inverse theory, expanded the dfl theory combined the idiographic model equations ， made which adapt to the model of a single machine - infinite bus power system this paper referenced abundance articles and educed a set of equations ， which could describe the dynamical process of excitation and fast valve control for synchronous generators in the equations ， there were several very important parameters of power system - - rotor angle ( ) ， rotor speed ( ) ， generator q axis voltage ( eq ) ， transient voltage ( e ' q ) ， active power ( pe ) ， mechanical input power ( pm ) ， valve opening ( ) ， generator terminal voltage ( vt ) ， based on the model ， nonlinear coordinated controller and terminal voltage optimal controller have been designed by using the expanded dfl theory and lq optimal control theory the simulation results showed that the controller could keep power system transiently stable under the effects of a symmetrical 3 - phase short circuit fault ， which achieved better postfault regulation compared with another two routine methods ， one is the proportion excitation controller and proportion fast valve controller, the other is the proportion excitation controller and the optimal fast valve controller, which could exert good performance when met 1ittle disturbance either
在介紹逆系統理論的基礎上，詳細介紹了dfl理論，通過比較闡明了dfl理論其本質是逆系統方法的一類，並結合具體課題推導出的模型方程將dfl理論進行了擴展，使之適應于電力系統這個強非線性對象。通過參考大量的書籍文獻推導出一套實用的可將大型汽輪發電機勵磁與汽門綜合起來進行控制的模型方程，此模型方程涵蓋了電力系統中特別引人注目的幾個量- -轉子角、轉子轉速、發電機q軸電勢eq 、暫態電勢e ' q 、有功功率pe 、機械功率pm 、汽門開度、機端電壓vt ，在此基礎上建立了實用的電力系統簡化的數學模型，並將擴展的dfl理論應用於此模型系統，結合線性二次型最優控制理論設計出大型汽輪發電機的非線性綜合控制器及機端電壓最優控制器，通過模擬實驗與採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁控制器+汽門比例控制及採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁調節器和基於二次型性能指標設計的最優快控汽門（考慮發電機的飽和因素）進行了對比，證實了採用此種控制器可以有效地提高電力系統的暫態穩定性，並且在電力系統遭受小干擾時同樣具有良好的調節性能。Secondly, from the view of the analysis of potential science, the teaching mode of the basic constants in physics is presented. thirdly, on one hand, author analyses the basis of epistemology, scientific philosophy and psychology of the teaching mode, on the other hand, author investigates the potential properties and shapes of the basic constants in physics. at the same time, it is also given the path of applying the theories and methods of potential science to the teaching of the basic constants in physics
本論文首先，扼述基本物理常數「潛? ?漸顯? ?顯? ?漸潛… … 」潛科學分析的分析理念；其次，探討基本物理常數潛科學分析的教學模式：提出問題，引起認知定向呈現進化過程，挖掘物理內涵揭示並闡述潛科學特徵採取有效途徑，培養科學素質再次，一方面從理論上闡釋基本物理常數潛科學分析教學模式的認識論、科學哲學和心理學依據，另一方面從實踐上闡釋基本物理常數的創造性、反常性、待定性、隱變性、高難性及趨顯性等潛科學特徵，同時提出科學問題、科學幻想、科學猜測、科學經驗、科學悖論、科學蒙難、科學論爭、科學失誤、科學伯樂、科學潛才等潛科學形態與方法應用於基本物理常數教學中的途徑。According to the law of mass action, the law of mass conservation and the principles of chemical thermodynamics, mathematics model about components " modes of occurrence ( that is simple ions, complex anions and complex compounds ) and their concentration in dam foundation solution has been set up with balance constant method
本文根據質量作用定律、質量守恆定律和化學熱力學的基本原理，應用平衡常數法建立了地下水水質組份存在形式（即單一離子、絡陰離子和絡合物）及其濃度分佈的數學模型。The components, working principle, advantages and defects of pwm power amplifier are introduced briefly in the dissertation. the working characteristics of h - bridge pwm power amplifier in double - polarity mode is analyzed qualitatively and qualitatively and the conclusion that fluctuant magnitude and continuousness of armature current are the essential parameters which can be used to evaluate pwm control modes
論文簡要介紹pwm功率放大器的組成、工作原理、特點及存在問題；對常見h型雙極性模式pwm功率放大器的工作特性作了定性和定量的分析，指出了電樞電流脈動量和電樞電流連續與否是衡量pwm控制方案優劣的兩個本質參數。This analysis is based on changzhou ' s developing strategy, on current conditions of changzhou ' s manufacture and human resource and on the comparison with other cities in yrdr. through this analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of changzhou manufacture are made clear. especially, understand that, after china enters into wto, the lack of high quality human resource is going to impede the developing of changzhou manufacture
據此，本文結合常州製造業的實際，根據常州經濟發展戰略目標，針對常州市人力資源的現狀，對常州市人力資源的質量、數量和結構進行定性、定量分析，與周邊城市進行比較，正確估量自身的優勢和不足，特別是真正認識入世后各類緊缺人才的供需矛盾及其對常州經濟發展的影響。The water quality respond relation of input - output measurements are established by systematic theory in this paper. according to the peculiarity of hydrology and the necessity of water quality inverse problem the multi - parameter inverse problem model based on ordinary differential equation is developed. the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the ordinary differential equation about two parameters or multi - parameter are to be proved. the unstability depending on errors between monitoring data and interpolation approximate data are analyzed and demonstrated. cubic spline interpolation function, the least two multiply and positive rule method are conjoined for obtained solution of multi - parameter. the results from this algorithm indicats its efficient to the multi - parameter identification in water quality modeling
本文應用系統理論，建立了水質多參數輸入輸出之間的響應關系；根據河流水文水質變化特點和參數反問題的需求，建立了水質常微分方程多參數反問題模型.根據常微分方程參數反問題的數學理論，作者給出了兩參數和多參數水質常微分方程反問題的解的存在性、唯一性的理論證明過程和結論；還針對水質現有監測資料的測驗誤差和插值近似計算誤差造成參數反問題的不穩定性，將三次樣條插值函數、超定方程最小二乘法和正則化演算法有機地結合使用，成功地給出了水質參數反問題的穩定化演算法.最後給出了應用計算結果This thesis presents the theoretical analysis about the design of the tunable antennas with multilayered structure theory and microstrip antenna ' s analytical methods. and it improves three typical kinds of antennas, and uses the voltage controlled ferroelectric materials. we analyze the tuning features of the antenna by simulation under the condition of different permittivity of the ferroelectric materials, and discuss the feasibility of improvement from microstrip antenna to tunable antenna
本文結合多層介質理論及微帶天線的分析方法對可調諧天線進行理論分析，並對矩形貼片天線、圓形貼片天線、微帶振子天線三種典型的微帶天線結構進行改進，引入壓控鐵電薄膜材料，模擬分析在改變鐵電薄膜介電常數條件下天線的調諧特性，討論微帶天線改進為可調諧天線的可行性。The nucleon dbhf self - energy in the nuclear medium, therefore, can be calculated with the g matrix in the relativistic hartree - fock approximation. with the calculated nucleon self - energy in the dbhf, we extract nucleon effective interactions hi the framework of the relativistic mean field theory ( rmf ), which contains the effect of the nucleon - nucleon short - range correlation and information of the isospin structure. applying the effective interaction, which is composed of density dependent meson - nucleon coupling constants, we study the properties of finite nuclei and come to some useful conclusions
本文應用相對論dirac - brueckner - hartree - fock （ dbhf ）方法，利用新的g矩陣分解方式g = v + g ，用g矩陣在相對論hartree - fock近似下，即等效的dbhf方法，系統地討論了對稱、不對稱核物質及中子物質的性質，利用對稱及不對稱核物質中自能的dirac結構，我們提取出含有核子-核子短程關聯效應和同位旋結構信息的有效相互作用介子耦合常數，並對有限核的性質做了詳細的討論，得到不少有意義的結果。In chapter l, we introduce the relative background on this paper and give some simple expressions of the work which have been studied. in chapter 2, in virtue of the notion of likelihood ratio the limit properties of the sequences of dependent nonnegative continuous random variables are studied, and a class of strong limit theorems represented by inequalities are obtained. the bounds given by these theorems depend on positive constant c. in chapter 3, by means of the notion of log likelihood ratio, a kind random strong deviation theorem are obtained, and the bounds given by these theorems depend on r ( )
第一章，介紹本論文的選題背景，對已有的工作進行扼要的介紹；第二章，利用似然比的概念研究相依連續型非負隨機變量序列的極限性質，得到一類強偏差定理，其偏差界依賴于正常數c ；第三章，利用對數似然比的概念得到一類隨機偏差定理，其偏差界依賴于r （ ） ，證明中引進了尾概率和尾概率的laplace變換的概念；第四章，利用對數似然比的概念，得到了一類關于任意連續型隨機變量序列的泛函的強偏差定理。Abstract : the equilibrium constant of carbonization reaction of lime white was calculated using three thermodynamics methods. the results indicate that the carbonization reaction of lim white was the neutralization reaction between acid and alkali first, and it was the transform reaction of precipitation second. the essential cognition of the carbonization reaction of lime white was deepend. it was of guiding significance for industrial production of light ( precipitation ) calcium carbonate
文摘:用3種熱力學方法計算了石灰乳碳化反應的平衡常數，結果表明，石灰乳的碳化反應首先是酸堿的中和反應，其次才是沉澱的轉化反應，從而加深了對石灰乳碳化反應本質的認識，對輕質（沉澱）碳酸鈣的工業生產有指導意義When comparing the electrical resistance with some other common damage parameters, the damage evolution law expressed by them is obtained. and the relationship between resistance and fatigue cycle numbers has been studied essentially
將電阻參量和其它一些常用損傷參量進行比較，得到其它參量表示的損傷演變規律，分析了電阻隨材料疲勞循環次數變化的本質。And use relative fitting error to measure statistical data non - uniform error ; then introduce the method systematically of using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to carry on the overall superior test of the government statistical data quality. includes the establishment of step level appraisal target system, target weight determination, calculates the factor weight in various levels, uniform test of judgment matrix, and built up the final fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of the government statistical data quality according to the above - mentioned standard ; finally selects the partial main social economy total quantity target from chinese statistics yearbook 2003 to carry on the real diagnosis analysis : ( 1 ) confirm these social economy total quantity targets using the description statistics and the k - s inspection method to obey the lognormal normal distribution. ( 2 ) according to the two levels of inspection methods which this article proposed to carry on accuracy and the overall superior test for these social economy total quantity targets
本文首先從統計數據及質量的涵義出發，全面系統的介紹了統計數據質量的概念;其次，從研究統計數據的分佈規律入手，對統計數據準確性檢驗問題進行了探討，利用對數正態分佈檢驗對反映研究對象規模大小的統計數據的質量及異常數據進行定量檢查和識別，並利用相對擬合誤差計量統計數據的非一致性誤差;接著系統介紹了利用模糊綜合評價方法對政府統計數據質量進行整體優度檢驗的思路，具體包括建立遞階層次的評價指標體系，指標權重的確定，計算各層次中因素的權重，判斷矩陣的一致性檢驗，並根據上述標準建立了最終的政府統計數據質量模糊綜合評價模型;然後通過從2003年中國統計年鑒資料中選取部分主要的社會經濟總量指標進行實證分析: （ 1 ）利用描述統計和k - s檢驗法來驗證這些社會經濟總量指標服從對數正態分佈的規律; （ 2 ）按照本文提出的二級檢驗法來對這些社會經濟總量指標進行準確性和整體優度檢驗，從而達到綜合評價政府統計數據質量的目的;最後對這種二級檢驗法的優點和不足進行小結，提出今後應該努力改進的方向。Second, by combining theories of strength of laminate with ga, a new gradient free optimization method with new code strategy is discussed. the representation itself does not change the nature of the problem, but effects the searching efficiency of the algorithm. so the representation of the parameters to be optimized is a very important factor and the new code strategy is also easy used with crossover operator and variation operator in ga applications
其次，本文根據層合板優化設計的具體問題提出了一種符號編碼方式，雖然優化參數的基因編碼表達方式並不能改變優化問題的本質，但是不同的編碼表達方式對于遺傳演算法搜索的效率和最終的優化結果有著重要的影響，因此優化參數的基因編碼表達是遺傳演算法應用於工程問題中非常關鍵的一步。分享友人