概算定額 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [gàisuàndìngé]
概算定額 英文
norms for approximate estimate
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 額 : 名詞1 （額頭） forehead:寬額 a broad forehead2 （牌匾） a horizontal tablet 3 （規定的數目） a sp...
  • 概算 : financial estimates; budgetary estimate; approximate amount; rough calculation; general estimate...
  1. Making water works preliminary budget, its framework and norm. 2 ) making and auditing regulations for tendering of water works. 3 ) auditing water works budget

    水利基本建設工程概算編制規定及定額修編； 2 ） 、水利工程估算、概算、預算、標底的編制及審核； 3 ） 、水利工程審計。
  2. Editor - in - chief : rule for making water works budget jiangshu province ( edition in 2000 ) ; 2 ) editor - in - chief : auditing report for a key project - diverting cleaning water by qiangwei river ( first step ) ; 3 ) editor - participated : budget norm form water works construction and installation ( edition in 1999 ) ; 4 ) business consultation and management for water works budget

    主編江蘇省水利基本建設工程設計概算編制規定（ 2000年修訂本） ； 2 ） 、主寫省重點水利工程（薔薇河送清水一期工程）審計報告； 3 ） 、參編江蘇省水利建築、安裝工程預算定額（ 1999年修訂本） ； 4 ） 、全省水利工程造價管理業務咨詢。
  3. Its main measures are : correct defining design - limited, ensuring accuracy of investment - appraised ; finishing works of optimally selected a tentative program - not exceeding investment - appraised ; by means of approved tentative program controlling design of constuction drawing ; concerning with investment of construction drawing not exceeding budget of tentative program ; managing changed - design, establishing assignment system of investment, reforming system of management of earning - way

    其主要措施有：正確確定設計限額，保證投資估算的準確性；加強設計管理，重視方案選擇，做好初步設計方案的優化和比選工作；嚴格按批準的初步設計控制施工圖設計，保證施工圖預算不突破批準的初步概算；加強設計變更的管理工作，控制不合理的設計變更；實行設計經濟責任制，建立投資分配考核制，改進設計收費方法。
  4. There are three contribution and innovation points in this paper : ( 1 ) the concept of pluggable grid service is proposed, by referencing the idea of services provided by electrical devices once plugged into the socket, and the similar concept in compute hardware. by extending the definition of grid service interface, this paper defines the uniform semantics of pgs, providing the extra information needed after the separation of services and resources

    主要有以下三個創新點: （ 1 ）借用電器插入插座后即可為客戶提供服務，以及計算機硬體中即插即用的思想，提出了可接插網格服務的概念，並通過擴展定義網格服務的介面，定義可接插網格服務的統一語義，以反映服務與資源分離后所需提供的額外信息。
  5. Currently, many problems are as follows : some people and engineers sometimes confuse or mistake so many conceptions and meanings of the price of construction product as to lead to troubles ; the cost of the construction product in the construction - auction - bid cannot be ascertained definitely ; the method of shop - drawing budget which is based on budget - ration cannot form effective market competition and market price of construction product. the management system of construction cost is not perfect

    目前建築產品價格及價格形成中存在以下問題：有關主管部門和少數工程人員有時混淆建築產品價格相關概念及其內涵，產生諸多誤解，以致造成工作上的摩擦；對建築工程招標投標中建築產品成本內涵界定不清晰；以預算定額為依據的施工圖預算方式難以形成有效的市場競爭以及形成建築產品的市場價格；當前未能形成完善的工程造價管理體制。
  6. The imf also recommended, as a matter of priority, appropriate legislation should be introduced to ensure finality of settlement and to provide undoubted support to netting systems, warning that the uncertainty of unwinding of transactions under insolvency law could undermine the fundamental concept of payment finality

    基金組織亦建議香港應優先考慮引入適當法例，以確保結算的最終性及為凈額結算系統提供堅定的支持，並警告在破產法例下交易可被視作無效所造成的不明朗因素，可能會影響支付的最終性的基本概念。
  7. In chapter 1, we briefly reviewed the risk theory and its development. and the significance about this paper was expressed. in chapter 2, we introduced classical risk model. in which, making this risk process into a strong markovian process is the preparation of deriving the main results. chapter 3 is the main body of the paper, we derived the results about general ruin probability in a kind of continuous time risk model with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time. the martingale approach is a good procedure to get the expression of ruin probability about a class of continuous time risk models with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time. we also take advantage of change of measure idea from it

    第二章介紹了經典風險模型，其中用逐段決定馬爾可夫過程理論及補充變量技巧，使一類風險模型的盈餘過程成為齊次強馬爾可夫過程。第三章作為本文的主體部分，在索賠到達間隔服從虧時幾何分佈的連續時間風險模型中，索賠額分佈為一般分佈，它的破產概率可以利用pdmp中的廣義生成運算元得出鞅，通過調節系數的選擇以及在相應測度下的測度變換，使得破產概率的一般解可以表示出來。
  8. In the study of risk theory, a class of continuous time risk process with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time was made into a strong piecewise - deterministic markov process with the theory of piecewise - deterministic markov process and by introducing a supplementary variable. martingale approach is one of the most powerful methods of pdmp. the programming process is getting the ruin probability from the martingale construction. we use the idea of change of measure in the programming process and find the result and the function of adjustment coefficient

    本文應用逐段決定馬爾可夫過程理論及補充變量技巧，使索賠到達間隔服從虧時幾何分佈的連續時間風險過程成為齊次強馬爾可夫過程，然後利用pdmp中的鞅方法（用廣義生成運算元得出鞅）推導了鞅的形式，作為該風險模型索賠額分佈為一般分佈下的破產概率的一般表達式，其中用到了測度變換的思想。
  9. Xpwrims includes much information of water resources and correlative fields : general situation of xingping, general situation of water resources, exploitation of water resources, utilization of water resources, forecast and balance calculation of water providing and demand, and so on. its main function is import and export, modification, additions and deletions, calculation and stat of data information, figure import, forecast of water providing and demand, calculation of ration of water. all the worked date can be intuitively expressed in form and diagram

    該系統收集了興平市概況、水資源狀況、社會經濟活動、水資源開發工程、水資源利用、供需預測、供需平衡計算等水資源及其相關領域的數據信息，可實現數據資料輸入、輸出、增刪、修改、統計計算等基本的數據處理，和圖形入庫、供需預測、計算用水定額等應用功能，數據及計算結果可以報表、圖表的形式直觀表達。
  10. This paper sets up the concept of the proportion of unloading and the relative proportion of unloading, sets up a mathematical pattern for the using of the packing materials on the base of the relative proportion of unloading. meanwhile we can design the packing dimension of the compressive wood piece, and it points out that per unit loading of the track pattern packing plan is the largest. the proportion of per loading has increased by 116. 6 % over that not compressing, and 30. 64 % over cylinder packing

    本文建立了空裝率和相對空裝率的概念，並利用相對空裝率，對包裝物的材料利用程度建立了一種數學模型，提出了計算方法，同時據此設計木片壓實裝袋打包尺寸，指出跑道形包裝方案的單位裝載量最大，與未壓縮裝袋相比提高單位裝載率116 . 62 ，與長方體裝袋相比提高單位裝載率30 . 64 ，並可以充分利用c60火車的額定運載能力。
  11. The research paper is based on the the latest softwares of the managing inventory, its research subject is about simulating the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity by statisticing the probability of the random require quantity. its purpose is to provide the relied basement for determining the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity, the deterring policy quality will be raised, so the damage caused by unfit inventory quantity and the benefit of the entrerpreneur will be raised. the research method is by building the inventory management information system, the system includes automated management of parts entering and going out the datasbase. requesting the records of parts entering and going out the datasbase and displaying the sygonal when the inventory quantity is short out. computer calculating the fix period remaining, requesting remaining at any time and displaying if goods need ordering, all the partsof certain a product going out of basement and at the same time checking if the storaging quantity is enough. then simulating the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity simulating method is as follows : statisticing the random required quantity. calculating the probability, standing for the values with data range producing random data by function accordingly calculating the random required quantity. thenext step is simulating all the projects after pressing in the simulating conditions. finally selecting the best

    本文通過分析國內外關于庫存管理軟體的發展情況，提出在線統計貨物出庫情況的基礎上利用模擬方法確定最優存儲方案，其目的是為制定合理的貨物安全庫存量和訂貨量提供可靠的依據，提高企業管理人員的決策質量，從而減小資金的佔用和缺貨損失，提高企業的經濟效益。通過研製庫存管理信息系統使庫存信息管理自動化，也就是實現貨物入出庫管理計算機管理、自動查詢貨物入出庫情況並在缺貨時給予提示、使用計算機貨物余額定期結算、貨物余額實時查詢並顯示是否需要訂貨、裝配出庫管理使得只要輸入需要裝配產品代號和數量，組成它的所有零件就會自動檢庫和出庫。然後對安全庫存量和訂貨量進行模擬，模擬方法是首先自動統計貨物在過去某一段時間內的需求量，計算出概率，用隨機數的范圍表示其概率數值的大小，利用隨機函數產生隨機數、從而間接的產生隨機需求量，給定模擬天數和其他模擬條件模擬各種方案，從眾多的存儲方案中找出最優存儲方案。
  12. On - line monitoring of hvcb is the precondition of predicting maintenance, is the key element of reliable run, and is the important supplement to the traditional off - line preventive maintenance in fact, the faults are made by hvcb, no matter in number or in times, is over 60 % of total faults so it has determinative importance for improving the reliability of power supply and this can greatly decrease the capital waste used by - dating overhaul in this paper, the inspecting way of hvcb mechanism characteristic is discussed the concept of sub - circuit protector is presented, the scheme that we offered has been combined with sub - circuit integrality monitoring theory, to ensure that it has the two functions as a whole according the shut - off times at rated short circuit given by hvcb manufacturer, the electricity longevity loss can be calculated in each operation, and the remained longevity can be forecast too an indirect way for calculating main touch ' s temperature by using breaker shell temperature, air circumference temperature and breaker ' s heat resistance is improved in this paper, and main touch resistance can be calculated if providing the load current msp430, a new single chip microcomputer made by ti company, is engaged to develop the hardware system of the on - line monitoring device, and special problem brought by the lower supply voltage range of this chip is considered fully

    高壓斷路器所造成的事故無論是在次數，還是在事故所造成的停電時間上都占據總量60以上。因此，及時了解斷路器的工作狀態對提高供電可靠性有決定性意義；並可以大大減少盲目定期檢修帶來的資金浪費。本文論述了斷路器機械特性參數監測方法；提出了二次迴路保護器的概念，並將跳、合閘線圈完整性監視和二次迴路保護結合起來，給出具有完整性監視功能的二次迴路保護器實現方案；根據斷路器生產廠家提供的斷路器額定短路電流分斷次數，計算每次分閘對應的觸頭電壽命損耗，預測觸頭電壽命；提出根據斷路器殼體溫度和斷路器周圍空氣溫度結合斷路器熱阻來計算斷路器主觸頭穩態溫升的方法，並根據此時的負荷電流間接計算主觸頭迴路的電阻；在硬體電路設計上，採用美國ti公司最新推出的一種功能強大的單片機msp430 ，並充分考慮該晶元的適用電壓范圍給設計帶來的特殊問題；在通信模塊的設計中，解決了不同工作電壓晶元之間的介面問題，並給出了直接聯接的接線方案。
  13. I research the calculation of total premium, and use asset share method to test the total premium, and then summarize the complete process of pricing

    介紹了總保費的計算方法，利用資產份額法對總保費進行了測試，並概括了健康保險產品定價的完整過程。
  14. Transactions of octopus automatic add - value service, transactions payable to st. paul s co - educational college or its related entities ( e. g. autopay school fees ) and pre - set monthly donation to the council of st. paul s co - educational college charitable trust are excluded

    八達通自動增值款額、所有繳付至聖保羅男女中學及與其有關機構之款額（例如：自動轉賬支付學費） ，以及捐助聖保羅男女中學校董會慈善信託基金之每月指定捐款概不計算在內。
  15. As the application of distributed computing is used much more widely ， distributed database becomes a significant part of information management it avoids a lot of disadvantages of conventional centralized database ， and is applicable to many situations distributed database is a set of data which is the unity logic ， but in fact these data is located on different sites it is of high availability ， easy expansibility ， high concurrency ， high efficiency and etc in distributed system ， data redundancy is a method to improve the speed of query and the availability of system distributed query should shield the lower level details of data redundancy from end users ， distributed transaction should ensure data from disaccord this paper introduces basic conceptions of distributed database firstly ， discusses distributed transaction and concurrent control ， describes the development prototype mysql ’ s characters ， architecture and executive mechanism ， then shows the skeleton model of dpsql and exposes the strategy and algorithm of distributed query and distributed transaction ， at last analyzes the extra expenses and response delay of distributed processes this paper exposes the implementation mechanism of distributed query and distributed transaction emphatically distributed query uses the strategy of “ read one ， write a11 ” s0 in such a system if user ’ s requests are read - - only for the most part and the distribution of data redundancy is plausible ， efficiency is very high distributed transaction uses two - 。 phase commit protocol to ensure the consistency of global data ， which has less communication overhead

    分散式查詢需要向用戶屏蔽數據冗餘分散的底層細節，分散式事務處理要保證全局數據完整，這都是傳統集中式數據庫不曾面臨的問題。本文首先介紹了分散式數據庫的概念性問題；接著討論了分散式事務涉及的定義及演算法；然後描述了dpsql的原型mysql的特性、結構和執行機制；繼而給出了dpsql的梗概模型，闡述了實現分散式查詢和分散式事務處理的策略及演算法；最後分析了進行分散式處理給系統增加的額外開銷和客戶端的額外響應延遲。本文重點描述了分散式查詢和分散式事務處理的實現機制，分散式查詢採用」讀一個寫全部」的本地優先策略，在讀操作頻繁的系統中，只要庫的分佈合理，單機效率極高，幾乎無任何附加開銷和延遲，而以整個系統的角度看來，吞吐量就更是優于單機系統；分散式事務處理採用兩階段提交協議，通信次數較少並能確實保證副本一致。
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