標量照度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [biāoliángzhàodù]
標量照度
英文
average spherical illuminance scalar illuminance-
In the regions of astrodome physics, solid physics, photochemistry and medicine, measurement and calibration of spectral irradiance of ultraviolet and vacuum ultra - violet have become more and more important research means and instrument
紫外和真空紫外光譜輻照度的測量和定標，在天體物理、固體物理、光化學及醫藥學等領域中已成為越來越重要的研究手段和工具。On the basis of foreign documents, the dissertation firstly describes the morphology, taxonomy, and biological characters of cochineal insects. then, by using artificial climate cases in the lab, according to orthogonal design, 8 lands of combinations of temperature, humidity and light is set, while the temperature has four levels : 15, 20, 25 and 30, and the relative humidity has two levels : 60 % and 80 %, while the light also has two levels : 980 lux and 60 lux. through observations and analysis of hatching percentage, survival percentage of the first instar and during from the second instar to the adult, the population tendency index, generation life cycle, size and eggs of female adult, the development of the cochineal under different conditions is studied
在收集、整理國外對胭脂蟲的研究資料基礎上，首先從胭脂蟲的形態學、分類學、生物學特性入手，進而在實驗室內利用人工氣候箱，應用正交設計方法，設計了4種溫度、 2種濕度、 2種光照梯度的不同組合，通過測定胭脂蟲的孵化率、 1齡若蟲的存活率、 2齡若蟲至成蟲期存活率、種群趨勢指數、世代歷期、雌成蟲的大小、懷卵量等生物學指標，深入研究胭脂蟲在這些組合下的生長發育狀況，應用數理統計方法，分析出溫度、濕度和光照對各項生物學指標的影響，找出胭脂蟲適宜的室內培育條件，並為野外胭脂蟲的培育提供一定的理論依據。The results showed that plant height, crown breadth, leaf number, leaf breadth and sporophyll number of dryopteris crassirhizoma populations were influenced by forest crown density and light condition
結果表明：林分郁閉度和光照條件顯著影響粗莖鱗毛蕨種群的株高、冠幅、葉片數量、葉片寬度、孢子葉數等形態指標。Image motion compensation ( imc ) is the key technology of high - resolution space camera. image motion speed is seperated into two vectors in image coordinate for the existence of the drift angle : the forward direction image motion speed and the crosswise image motion speed. in fact, drift angle control eliminates the crosswise image motion speed, so it is a part of image motion compensation
在空間照相，由於偏流角的存在，使得像移速度在像面坐標系存在兩個分量：前向像移速度和橫向像移速度，偏流角控制本質上是消除橫向像移速度，因此，偏流角控制是空間相機像移補償的一部分。In recent years, the water - saving and control irrigation technique of rice has diverted from plot experimental and demonstration to lare scale. and has got remarkable economic and social benefits. amed at the characteristics of this irrigation area, optimal selection for water - saving techniques of rice, deciding the amout of leaching water and irrigation modles, investigating the adaptability of the water - saving and control irrigation technique in saline land. studying the increase in production mechanism of the technique are important to extend the technique, to better and develop saline land as well as slick spots. according to the results of field experiments, optimization study was conducted on the water - saving irrigation technique of rice in saline land, the effects of different water - saving irrigation techniques on the physiological indexes and yield of rice were systematically analyzed. by using mutiplepurpose fuzzy optimization method, better. water - saving irrigation technique was selector out, that is. the control irrigation technique in rice. the mechanism of it was analyzed from the aspect of the physiological and ecological saving water of rice to provide the implemental process and technical point ; throgh the quantitive analysis and comparision on control irrigation and control class ( flood irrigation ), high production and quality mechanism of the technique was analyzed in terms of physiology indexes of rice, the variation of soil moisture, the pest resistance and the lodge resistance, the change of soil temperature in paddy fields. the yield constitutive factors, the quality of rice and so on. in saline land. control irrigation and intermittent leaching modles were adopted to validate the adaptability of the technique in irrigation of rice in saline land, to analyze rice ' s physiological - ecological indexes and the change of soil salt content under the conditions of control irrigation leaching of rice and and to provide control irrigation and combined modle of intermittent leaching to adapt to different conditions
本文從試驗及試驗資料入手，取得以下主要成果和結論：對鹽堿地水稻節水灌溉技術進行優化研究，系統地分析了不同節水灌溉技術對水稻生理指標及產量的影響，採用了多目標模糊優化的方法，對灌水技術進行綜合評判，優選了節水灌溉技術，論證該地區宜採用水稻控制灌溉技術；闡述控灌技術通過調節和控制水稻的需水規律，降低水稻高產情況下的無效水量消耗，從水稻生理、生態節水兩方面分析了控灌技術節水機理，針對性地總結出水稻各生育期實施節水控灌技術的步驟及技術要點；通過控灌與淹灌的定量對照比較，從根系、莖蘗、冠層葉片及綠葉動態到株高，土壤水分變化，抗病蟲害、抗倒伏能力，稻田土溫變化，產量構成因素及稻米品質等諸多方面進行動態比較，分析控灌技術高產優質機理；在鹽堿稻地採用控制灌溉+間歇淋洗模式，跟蹤測試田間水鹽變化狀況，驗證控制灌溉技術在鹽堿地區水稻灌溉中應用的適應性，通過分析水稻控制灌溉淋洗條件下水稻生理生態指標，提出優化控制灌溉+間歇淋洗組合模式，為進一步在高礦化度地區試驗水稻控灌技術奠定基礎。The concept of irradiance signal - to - noise ratio ( snr ) on the target plane and the minimum of the irradiance that can be detected by the detector was taken as the beginning, combined with a thorough analysis of the spectrum radiating feature of the target and the sky background, the atmosphere conditions, spectral filtering and the influence that the various components in the system have on the target irradiance on the detector ' s target plane and the background irradiance snr, the equation of the flying bomb ' s effect range affected by the point of burst measuring system is made, and all related factors that have an impact on the effect range are analyzed as well
從探測器靶面上輻照度信噪比的概念、探測器的可探測輻照度最小值出發，在詳細分析目標、天空背景的光譜輻射特性、大氣條件、光譜濾波技術以及系統各環節對探測器靶面上目標與背景輻照度信噪比的影響的基礎上，推導了炸點測量系統對爆炸的飛行彈體的作用距離方程，分析了影響作用距離的諸因素。The investigation of a lot of parameters about treated sandstone, brick materials and earthen materials with fluorited polymers has been carried out, such as the formation of polymer, the penetration depth, porosity, capillary absorption and penetration coefficient, water uptake, compressive strength, drilling resistance, absorption isotherms of water vapor, water vapor diffusion, color changes as well as resistance to desegregation of water, frizzing - throwing cycles, worming - cooling cycles, and so on. in addition, the influence of salt crystallization, acid and base, and uv aging have also been assessed in order to better understand the protection effects and utilization possibility of two fluorinated polymers, mainly according to astm standard and the combination of international methods together with general technological
分別以國家級文物保護單位的土質、砂巖和磚材文物樣品為對象，依據astm標準及國際通用文物保護研究方法與評估準則相結合，通過膠化物形成周期、滲透深度、孔隙度、毛細吸水和滲透系數、持水量、抗壓強度、抗鉆強度、吸附水蒸氣的能力、透氣性、外觀顏色等系列參數的測定，及凍融、冷熱循環、酸堿腐蝕后抗壓強度的衰減、可溶鹽對保護效果的影響、酸堿及光照對表面保護效果的影響，對兩種含氟聚合物及其與有機硅的共混物在文物加固保護和表面防護中的可行性和保護效果給予了系統研究。Standards differ. some goods are designed in inches, feet, pounds, and short tons; some in metric measurements.
度量衡標準也各不相同。有些商品是按照英寸，英尺，磅與短噸來設計的；而其他一些商品則採用公制的度量衡。Based on it, the characteristics gained from the ahel are : firstly, non - singleness on the system of higher education legislation - statute law and case law are developed all the time
於是，遵循這些標準，參照美國高等教育立法的歷史，依據對美國高等教育立法效力和制度的分析，藉助大量翔實的國內外資料，本文概括出了三大特徵。In the meanwhile, the best community that was picked out from natural deciduous broad - leaved forest was taken as contrast. and the hight, dominance, soil fertility, coverage, composition and biomass of the community were used as community characteristics parameters to comprehensively evaluate the restored degree of communities at different restoration stages
同時，在天然闊葉落葉林中選取一個最佳群落作為參照，運用群落高度、顯著度、土壤肥力、蓋度、組成結構和生物量6個指標為群落特徵參數，對各個階段群落恢復的程度進行了綜合的評價。At first we improve the methods of iris image preprocessing, including an efficient arithmetic of evaluation iris images, an improving method of locating iris, calibrating iris image by the translation of coordinate and the circular shift of code, a eatimate of the background illumination by bicubic spline, and the image enhancement by the dual tree complex wavelet transform. next we designed the recognition arithmetic based on the location of the local maxima of the wavelet transform modulus. in the thesis lots of simulation are performed by means of matlab and visual c + +
首先改進了虹膜預處理方法，實現了一種快速高效的虹膜質量評價演算法;設計了一種改進的兩步虹膜定位演算法，準確的定位了虹膜的內外邊界;利用坐標轉換和編碼的循環移位實現了對虹膜圖像的配準;利用雙三次樣條函數擬合虹膜圖像背景，去除了非均勻光照對虹膜識別的影響;使用二分樹復數小波方法增強了虹膜圖像的對比度;在識別演算法方面，本文設計了一種「基於小波模極值點位置的虹膜識別演算法」 。Solar energy - reference solar spectral irradiance at the ground at different receiving conditions - part 1 : direct normal and hemispherical solar irradiance for air mass 1. 5
太陽能在地面不同接收條件下的太陽光譜輻照度標準第1部分：大氣質量1 . 5的法向直接日射輻照度和半球向日射輻照度For the spectral radiance calibration of solar ultraviolet spectrum monitor, a basc > 4 diffuser is used, and a more accurate calculation for spectral radiance response is given by a integral formula. process of download signal data from solar ultraviolet spectrum monitor on spaceship obtains measurement results of solar ultraviolet spectral irradiance and solar backscatter spectral radiance
根據太陽紫外光譜監視器的地面標定結果，對從神舟三號上下載的測量數據進行處理獲得了地外太陽紫外光譜輻照度和地球大氣後向散射光譜輻亮度，與國際上的測量結果對比相對誤差在10 %以內。To satisfy the special need, the development of such a multi - purpose photometric and colorimetric instrument is discussed in this paper. in this paper, advantages and disadvantages of available photometric and colorimetric instruments are discussed first. then, a novel instrument is developed, which possesses the following characteristics : utilizing lcd display, flexible keyboard control, integrating capability to perform both photometric and colorimetric measurement so long as the photoelectric detector is changed to another one and corresponding software is performed
本論文研究了以往的光度和色度測量儀的優缺點，設計了利用液晶屏的可視化界面，鍵盤的靈活控制，只要換上不同的光電探頭，啟動不同的測量軟體，就能對光度和色度（如亮度、照度、光通量、色坐標等）進行測量的儀器。In order to realize the measurement of several parameters and broad - band spectrum ( 250nm ~ 3000nm ) on the same standard equipment, we make use of two main light paths. one is to measure spectral radiance, the other is to measure irradiance through integral sphere, translational stage and mirror changing the light path
本標準裝置涉及參數多，包括光譜輻照度、光譜輻亮度、光源色溫；光譜范圍寬，覆蓋了紫外、可見、紅外；在同一套設備上實現多參數、寬光譜以及能量強度變化為7個數量級的精確測量。Before 1990, more than a dozen of overseas nations had founded the standard of spectral irradiance and spectral radiance in succession. the standard of spectral irradiance and spectral radiance in this country founded in 1980s has not met the measurement accuracy required by the research development of national defence
在90年代以前，國外陸續有十幾個國家先後建立了光譜輻照度、輻亮度標準，我國國家計量院於80年代左右建立的光譜輻照度和光譜輻亮度標準已遠不能滿足國防科研發展對測量精度的要求。Photovoltaic devices. part 3 : measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data
光伏器件第3部分:地面用光伏器件的測量原理及標準光譜輻照度數據In this paper, firstly, the main methods of irnaging underwater and underwatr optical imaging development history are being introduced. coilsboction, principle and working circumstance of swg - l are noted. the optical properties of sea water are described, the effect to underwater imaging is analyzed. there are two parameters in evalvating tmderwater driaging quality : underwater contrast and optical tranfe fimction. underwater light source shoud be pay more attention. estimate and measurement of underwater light value are given at the sea depth where the system working
然後對水的光學特性及其對水下成像的影響進行了理論分析，介紹了水下圖象質量評價的兩個參數即水中對比度和光學傳遞函數；對預期拍攝深度的海中照度進行了理論估算與實際測量；討論了水下目標輔助照明時應注意的問題。The detector ' s target plane irradiance snr of the point of burst measuring system, the target irradiance on the target plane and experiment data were explored
對炸點測量系統探測器靶面上的輻照度信噪比、目標在探測器靶面上的輻照度以及實驗數據進行分析。This kind of standard wastes too much sunlight energy, so to change the situation, many people began to study the intermediate sky. now, they had drawn some conclusions. in our country, this kind of research did not go for a long time, and we lack of large amount of data
摘要目前，由於對我國的光氣候研究時間較短，且缺乏大量、準確的觀測數據，無法得到準確而全面的晴天、陰天以及中間天空的天空亮度分佈，因而仍以陰天時的室外水平照度作為天然採光的標準。分享友人