樺山 的英文怎麼說

But so far, there have not report about forest soil microbe and soil enzymatic activity in westen sichuan. the study ' s object is bitch forest. spruce forest, fir forest, chrysanthemum alp, willow community and two couch grass, so the research of the soil microorganisma, soil enzymatic activity in the subalpine coniferous forests in western sichuan is significant to china. the result shows that : 1. in the soil, the relativity of the soil microbial puantity is very prominence, the relation with the quantity of the soil microorganism is that : bacillus > actinomyceto > fungi ; the amount of the microorganism of physiological group sequence ranging from high to low is : aminate > bacteriumazotobacter > denitrify bacterium > nitrobacteria > cellulose decomposing bacteria. under the different vegetable community, the microbial quantity is that : s5 > s7 > s6 > s1 > s2 > s4 > s3

其中，各群落中土壤微生物總數以白樺純林（ s5 ）群落最多，每克干土中的含菌量達66 . 13 10 ~ 6個；其次是冷杉針葉林（ s7 ）群落，每克干土中的含菌量達43 . 41 10 ~ 6個：第三是雲杉針葉林（ s6 ）群落，每克干土中的含菌量達42 . 85 10 ~ 6個；第四是繡線菊-茅草群落（ s1 ） ，每克干土中的含菌量達33 . 83 10 ~ 6個；第五是高山柳群落（ s2 ） 、茅草（ s4 ）群落，每克干土中的含菌量分別為33 . 33 10 ~ 6個和33 . 08 10 ~ 6個；第六是茅草群落（ s3 ） ，土壤微生物數量最少每克干土中的含菌量僅為23 . 12 10 ~ 6個。

Seven plots selected from wanglang reserve were distributed in different types of forest and at different altitude, and different plot has different microclimate. soil property, microbial population, soil nutrient content of forest soil were determined in wanglang natural reserve, from may to october 2002 to july 2003, the ecological distribution of three main groups, bacteria, actinomycete and fungi were determined in the forest soils by the cell enumeration methods. six kinds of physiological groups, including ammoniation bacteria, nitrification bacteria, nitrosification bacteria, aerobic autogenesis azotobacter, aerobic cellulose - decomposing bacteria and anaerobic cellulose - decomposing bacteria were enumerated by the most - probable number ( mpn )

2001年10月在王朗自然保護區內設立了3個定位研究樣地和4個臨時樣地，通過多次現場采樣與室內實驗分析，測定了白樺林、岷江冷杉林、紫果雲杉林、繡線菊-羊茅群落、羊茅群落及高山柳灌木叢等6種不同植物群落內土壤微生物三大類群數量、功能微生物數量、土壤養分，並在固定樣地內使用埋袋法進行了三個埋藏深度的凋落物分解袋試驗，初步研究了枝條、闊葉、針葉等凋落物組分在不同分解階段所含養分的動態變化。

Exhibit : american hardwood lumber and floorings. species include red oak, white oak, ash, hard maple, soft maple, hickory, cherry, basswood, beech, birch, curly soft maple, butternut, white pine, etc

展品：北美硬木板材，地板等。品種包括紅橡，白橡，水曲柳，硬楓，軟楓，山核桃木，櫻桃木，椴木，山毛櫸，樺木，波紋軟楓，白胡桃，白松木等。

I long to get down into that camp if it be only to scatter some mingo dogs that i see lurking in the skirts of younder thicket of birch.

我真想沖下山去，殺進營帳，哪怕只是把那班明果狗趕散也好，我看到他們埋伏在那片白樺林的邊上哩。

Lawyers for the two sides have fought since 1998 over rights to the famed portrait and four other paintings ? a lesser - known bloch - bauer portrait as well as “ apfelbaum ” ( “ apple tree ” ), “ buchenwald / birkenwald ( “ beech forest / birch forest ) and “ haeuser in unterach am attersee ” ( houses in unterach on attersee lake ” )

自1998年以來，雙方律師就五幅畫的所有權不斷抗爭，包括一幅傳世名畫和其他四幅一幅稍稍遜色的《布洛赫-鮑爾畫像》 、 《蘋果樹》 、 《山毛櫸森林白樺木森林》和《阿特湖旁房舍》 。

It has luxuriant forest here with various of rare trees such as korean pine, spruce, manchurian ash, birch, oak an linden, etc. all kinds of wild plant and officinals such as ginseng, dengshen, acanthopanax, fruit of chinese magnoliavine, etc. large amount of mountain delicacies such as an edible fungus, hedgehog, mushroom, brake, etc. abundant mineral resources such as gold, copper, iron, dolomite and limestone, etc

這里有林木繁茂，生長著紅松、雲杉、水曲柳、樺木、柞木、椴木等多種珍貴樹木；野生藥用植物種類繁多，人參、黨參、刺五加、五味子極為豐富；山特產品質優量大，有木耳、猴頭、蘑菇、蕨菜、刺嫩芽等，地下資源有金、銅、鐵、白雲石、石灰石等礦藏。

Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

Based on the principle of significant effect of soil fertility factors on forest growth, soil physical factors ( natural water content, bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, aggregate degree, coarse silt and physical clay ), chemical factors ( om. total n, alkali - hytrolyzable n, total p, humus and ha / fa ) and biological factors ( urease, acidphosphotase, invertase and microbes ) were selected as evaluation index system of soil fertility. applying principal component analysis, soil ifi of subalpine coniferous forest was calculated

從土壤物理、化學、生物學三方面出發，建立了川西亞高山針葉林不同演替階段土壤肥力評價指標體系，應用主成分分析，計算出不同演替階段土壤肥力綜合指標值（ ifi ） ，各演替階段大小順序為： 10年生雲杉林地跡地原始林地次生樺木林地30年生雲杉林地20年生雲杉林地50年生雲杉林地60年生雲杉林地40年生雲杉林地。

Norway is one of the most beautiful countries in europe. there are spectacular mountains and lakes everywhere. tall mountains meander thousands of miles from the north to the south of the country, and dark blue lakes reflect white birch trees that are continuous for many miles

威是歐洲最漂亮的國家之一，處處可見美麗的高山湖泊，高聳的山群由北至南迤邐千里，深邃湛藍的湖面倒映著綿延數里的白樺樹影，是詩也是畫。

In different phases of development, vegetation systems in this region have changed from pioneer herbage species initially recovering in abandoned cropping lands ( bothriochloa ischemum, artenmisia giradii and stipa bungeana, artenmisia sacrorum, spodiopogen sibiricus and sophora flavecens, themeda japonica, and arundinella anomala ) to secondary shrubs ( hippophae rhamnoides, sophora viciifdia, and ostryopsis davidiana ), early forest community ( populus davidiana, betula platyphylla and platycladus orientalis with arbors or shrub assembling ), and finally liaotungesis community as the mature forest. in this study, soil profiles ( 0 - 5, 5 - 15, 15 - 25, 25 - 35, 35 - 50 cm soil layers ) were selected from typical vegetation systems representing for vegetation successions in the region

該區北部目前還保存有空間上完整的植被正向演替系列，即棄耕地先鋒群落草本群落（白羊草bothriochloaischemum 、茭蒿artenmisiagiradii +長茅草stipabungeana 、鐵桿蒿artenmisiasacrorum 、大油芒spodiopogensibiricus +苦參sophoraflavecens 、黃菅草themedajaponica或野古草arundinellaanomala ）灌叢群落（沙棘hippophaerhamnoides 、狼牙刺sophoraviciifdia 、虎榛子ostryopsisdavidiana ）早期森林群落（喬灌群聚、山楊populusdavidiana 、白樺betulaplatyphylla 、側柏platycladusorientalis 、 ）遼東櫟群落（ quercusliaotungensis ） 。

Natural veneer is various facing panels pasted with pure natural wooden skin. natural wood species include red beech, white beech, maple, american cherry, black walnut, thailand teak, aniegre, red oak, kevazingo, sapelli, zingana, rosewood, southeast birch, ebony, figured anegre, white figured anegre, birch, madrona, alamo, etc

一般天然樹種：紅櫸、白櫸、楓木、美國櫻桃、黑胡桃、泰柚、安利格、紅橡、花梨、沙比利、斑馬、玫瑰木、西南樺、紅木、紫檀、黑檀、紅影、白影、樺木、及麥當那、白楊、山香果等各種樹瘤。

This paper investigated the fungus flora of 8 main tree species, which are pinus tabulaeformis, larix principis - rupprechtii mayr, betula platyphylla suk, ostryopsis davidiana decne, ulmus pumila l., quercus liaotungensis koidz, populus davidiana dode, prunus ansu, in daqingshan mountain

大青山地區環境惡劣、植被破壞嚴重，利用菌根生物技術實現植被恢復是一個重要方向。本文對大青山8個主要樹種，即：油松、落葉松、白樺、虎榛子、榆樹、遼東櫟、山杏菌根資源及生態進行了調查。

Abstract : soil fertility of the plantations of paramichelia baillonii, betula alnoides, acacia mangium and altingia excelsa in tropical area of yunnan does not decline rapidly, and the physical and chemical properties of forestland are not affected greatly if the plantations can be managed properly

文摘:在雲南熱區營造山桂花、西南樺、馬尖相思、高阿丁楓等4種人工林，只要經營得當，對林地土壤理化性質並不造成重大影響，不會引起地力迅速衰退。

This article is based on rural debts as research object that proceeds analyses and researches for chinese rural debts in both sides of theory and practice, which not only elaborate chinese rural debts in current stage and analyze the reason with more profound levels for the formation of rural debts, but also probe into the approaches and thoughts for resolving the problems of rural debts

本文以鄉村債務為研究對象，以吉林省樺甸市常山鎮為個案，從理論與實踐兩方面對中國鄉村債務進行了分析和研究，闡述了現階段中國鄉村負債的現狀和危害，分析了鄉村債務形成的深層次原因，探討了解決鄉村負債問題的途徑和思路。

Ecological features, function indicators and social - human impact together constitute the fundermental system of regional ecosystem health assessment. haxi forestry center is located in tianzhu of gansu province. in view of the natural conditions, land use type and forest map, we classify the research area into 15 landscape types

甘肅天祝縣哈溪林區位於祁連山東段，依據哈溪林區的自然條件、土地類型和林相圖，將研究區劃分為苗圃，未成林地，宜林地，農田，牧草地，荒地，青海雲杉林，祁連圓柏，針葉混交林，楊類闊葉林，紅樺、榆、山楊硬闊林，針闊混交林、灌木林、疏林地和闊葉混交林等15種景觀類型。

The study sites were located in kaying bulakn, a valley situated at mount pokinur, 10 km northeast of the talki livestock farm. the study covered an area of about 1 square kilometer, in which eleven sites were investigated

研究地點位於霍城果子溝牧場東北10km處，天山山脈北支博羅克努山樺木溝（ n44 23 44 . 3 ， e81 00 46 . 9 ） ，研究的11個樣地代表約為1km ~ 2范圍內的不同生境。

In the light of tectonic evolution stage and metallogenesis, these metallogenic system ( assemblage ) could be classified as follows : ( 1 ) the pre - divergent metallogenic system in the southwest margin of north china paleocontinent in the archean - meso proterozoic : dongdashan iron, jinchuan nickel - copper. ( 2 ) the divergent metallogenic system in the northern margin of the qaidam paleoplate in the middle - late proterozoic : huashugou - liugouxia iron. ( 3 ) the metallogenic system in the active margin in the early paleozoic : the metallogenic assemblage in the island arc - rift in the early stage ( baiyinchang - qingshuigou copper - polymetallic ) ; the metallogenic assemblage in island arc in the middle - late stage ( honggou - jiaolongzhang copper - polymetallic ) ; the back - arc extensional basin ( zhuzhuiyaba - jiugequan - shijuli copper ) ; the metallogenic assemblage in connection with subduction and magmatic - hydatogenesis ( taergou - xiaoliugou wolfram ; huashugou - liugouxia copper ; dadonggou - diaodaban lead - zinc ) ; the metallogenic assemblage is related to the oceanic crustal shards ( dadaoerji chromite ; yushigou chromite ). ( 4 ) the metallogenic system has something to do with collision - type orogeny : the metallogenic assemblage in foreland basin ( tianlu copper ) ; the metallogenic assemblage with the intracontinental orogeny and ductile shear ( hanshan - yingzhuishan gold )

根據構造發展階段和成礦作用特點，確定本區成礦系統及組合如下： （ 1 ）華北板塊西南邊緣太古宙中元古代裂解期前成礦系統：東大山鐵成礦組合，金川鎳銅成礦組合； （ 2 ）柴達木板塊北緣中、新元古代裂解成礦系統：樺樹溝柳溝峽鐵成礦組合； （ 3 ）加里東期活動大陸邊緣成礦系統：早期島弧裂谷成礦組合（白銀廠清水溝銅及多金屬成礦組合） ，中、晚期島弧成礦組合（紅溝蛟龍掌銅及多金屬成礦組合） ，弧后擴張盆地成礦組合（豬咀啞巴九個泉石居里銅及多金屬成礦組合） ，與俯沖作用有關的巖漿熱液成礦組合（塔爾溝小柳溝鎢成礦組合，樺樹溝柳溝峽銅成礦組合，大東溝吊大坂鉛鋅成礦組合） ，洋殼殘片成礦組合（大道爾吉鉻成礦組合，玉石溝鉻成礦組合） ； （ 4 ）碰撞造山成礦系統：前陸盆地成礦組合（天鹿銅成礦組合） ，陸內造山韌性剪切成礦組合（寒山鷹咀山金成礦組合） 。

Invertebrate biologist snorre hagen and his team at the university of troms ? in norway monitored the leaves and flowers of a dozen mountain birch trees for two years

因此，挪威特浪索大學的無脊椎動物學家哈根及他的團隊，連續兩年監測了12種山樺樹的葉及花。

After breakfast, sightsee new - aged volcanic sightseeing areas : black dragon hill ( crater, stone sea ), buried - hill ( birch forest, bagua lake, ) ; sightsee the second and third lakes of the five great chain lakes, return to harbin by bus

早餐后，游覽新期火山觀光區：黑龍山（山顛火口、石海） 、火燒山（樺林幽靜、八卦湖、噴氣錐、噴氣碟） ；瀏覽五大連池二池、三池，乘車返回哈爾濱。