次等收益 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [cìděngshōuyì]
次等收益 英文
secondary benefit
  • 次 : Ⅰ名詞1 （次序; 等第） order; sequence 2 [書面語] （出外遠行時停留的處所） stopping place on a jou...
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 收 : Ⅰ動詞1 （把攤開的或分散的事物聚集、合攏） put away; take in 2 （收取） collect 3 （收割） harvest...
  • 益 : Ⅰ名詞1 （好處） benefit; profit; advantage 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ形容詞（有益的） beneficialⅢ動詞...
  • 次等 : second-class; second-rate; inferior; inferiority
  • 收益 : income; proceeds; profit; earnings; gains; avails; gainings
  1. To research the status of the use of shell resource in china securities market, in this paper, firstly, i interpret the shell resource from the economic point of view, and point out the important significance of the study on the shell resource ; secondly, i analyze the status of the use of shell resource in our country at present including the motivation, means, benefits and cost of buying a shell ; thirdly, the status of the use of shell resource in the securities market is positive studied in the way of statistics by taking the civil listed companies as examples, this part is the emphasis of the paper ; at last, i analyze the cause that the shell resource was not used well in our securities market, and bring forward some advice at five aspects, such as perfecting the law condition of buying a shell, building up the measures of resisting risk etc

    我們有必要對我國證券市場的殼資源利用狀況進行研究，以期對投資者的投資決策、證券市場監管的制定及殼資源利用績效的提高有所裨益。為了考察我國證券市場殼資源利用的狀況，本文首先從經濟學的角度對殼資源進行了解釋，並指出研究殼資源利用的重要意義；其次，分析了我國現階段殼資源利用的現狀，包括買殼的動機、方式、收益和成本；再次，以國內買殼上市企業為研究對象，用統計學的方法對我國證券市場殼資源利用狀況進行了實證分析，這部分是本文的重點；最後根據實證的結果，分析了我國證券市場殼資源利用不佳的原因，並從完善買殼的法律環境、增強風險防範措施等5方面提出了一些相應的建議。
  2. In addition, this paper gives the rethingking on classical theories and tries to synthesize classical theories with neoclassical ones as the foundation to definite some modern economic analytic tool such as value, transaction cost, property, specialization returns and transaction efficiency, with which the paper gives a brief partial equilibrium analysis to the problem of firm growth and gives some describable elucidation to firm and firm - growth with the organization theories

    再次，本文在對新古典理論進行批評性再述的基礎上，重新思考了古典理論，並試圖在古典理論與新古典理論綜合的基礎上，重新界定價值、交易費用、產權、專業化收益、交易效率等現代經濟分析的工具。利用這些工具，對企業的成長作以簡單的局部均衡分析。
  3. The well perpared and trenchantly arranged lecture and some added small knowledge benefited students a lot ; the alternation of lantern slide, writing on the blackboard and three - dimension demo builded well atmosphere to the lecture ; lai kai ' s passion, humour and teansparent logic also left a deep impression to students

    精心準備，層次分明的講座內容與及時加入的一些小知識讓在座的同學都感覺收益頗豐；幻燈片，黑板板書，三維演示等環節的交替進行，為內容的講解營造了良好的氛圍；賴凱同學的熱情，風趣，與明晰的邏輯，也給同學們留下了深刻的印象。
  4. This paper firstly analyses general theories of venture capital investment, focusing on the features of the investment object of venture capital investment, including particularity, high venture capital, high profitability, long - term, strategic cooperation and periodicity, etc. this paper also introduces the venture capital investment development process in america from the early stage controlled by private or banker to the investment bank in 1980s ; and the development process in europe from the venture capital fund in the early stage to the venture capital investment association founded by the venture capital investment fund in 1980s to the venture capital investment union in 1990s ; and the development process in japan of three establishing - business investment surges

    本文從風險投資的一般理論入手，重點闡述了風險投資的投資對象的特殊性、高風險性、高收益性、長期性、戰略合作性及再循環性等特徵。分析了美國早期由私人或銀行家掌控的風險投資到80年代投資銀行的參與歷程；歐洲由初期風險投資基金到80年代成立的風險投資協會以及90年代風險投資聯盟的發展歷程；日本三次創業投資高潮的發展歷程。從風險投資的實質角度；風險資金的運作角度以及風險投資順利運行角度三方面證明政府支持風險投資的原因，指出風險投資的發展離不開政府的大力支持。
  5. 5 ) the volatility in china ' s stock market has become more and more rational since the rule of raising limit was established in 1996. in chapter 3, the model of tgarch ( glosten, jagannathan, and runkle, 1993 ) is used to test the volatility of these stock shares indices

    其次，在第3章，我們主要採用glosten ， jagannathan和runkle （ 1993 ）等人提出的非對稱的tgarch （ thresholdgarch ）模型對市場指數的日收益數據進行了波動特徵的擬合檢驗。
  6. Considering company developing trend and macro - economic environment together, by the calculating of asset value, profit ability value and growing up value, the decision making is mainly based on the balance sheet. secondly, " vit " always takes reality as its basis. it is more practical and more rational when analyze the expecting profit, the future cash flow or judge the value of a invested company

    價值投資理論與「現代投資理論」的區別在於：首先， 「現代投資理論」將大量復雜的預測技術和數學公式引入對投資資產的定價過程，而價值投資理論卻從資產負債表出發，結合公司發展趨勢和宏觀經濟環境等因素，通過對資產價值、盈利能力價值和成長性價值的計算來做出投資決策；其次，價值投資理論始終以現實為基礎，在分析處理預期收益和未來現金流時更實際、更理性地判斷被投資公司的價值。
  7. So this paper tries to solve these problems through the following work : first, we select some index to valuate the close - end funds, including income, stability, risk in falling, stocks selecting ability and tuning ability, based on overseas funds valuation methods and domestic market condition ; second, we analyze the stability of all index and form two styles index, which are f and other bad stability index ; then, we form the valuation system, including two - layers index, which are p and factor score ; last, we use this system to analyze the close - end funds which came into existence before 2000 and get the final comparative result. the main intention of this paper is to create the system of valuating close - end funds in our country, which is comprehensive and objective. in my valuation system involving the period from 2000 to 2003, the funds as a whole performs inferior to the stock index

    首先，對國外理論界經典成型的、以及前沿的基金評價指標和評價方法進行了詳細的分析，並結合我國的基金市場狀況，選取了可以衡量基金收益、穩定性、下跌風險、股票選擇能力、時機選擇能力等量化指標；其次，根據我國基金分析的需要，採用了諸如基金交易價格、換手率等二級市場表現指標；然後，對這些指標進行了時間延續性分析，檢測這些指標在運用到我國基金市場時能否有效預測基金未來表現，從而形成了兩類指標：時間延續性很好的s _ p和時間延續性不好的其它所有指標；再次，在以上工作的基礎上形成了由兩個層面的指標構成的我國證券投資基金評價體系： s _ p和因子分析中綜合因子得分值；最後，選取了我國2000年1月1日前成立的23隻封閉式基金作為樣本，並同時採用上證a股與深成a股兩個基準組合進行了3年樣本期的實證分析，得出了最終的比較性評價結果。
  8. The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as the followings : l ) deducing and proving the " three in one " theory of natural monopoly, that is, from the angles of economies of scale, economies of scope and economies of network, giving an explanation of natural monopoly ; 2 ) putting forward the concept of " strict superadditivity " and proving that total value function and total revenue function of network economy have strict superadditivity ; 3 ) summarizing the emerging characteristics in the market definition of natural monopoly, that is, in the monopoly industry, " market " tends to be more and more smaller than " industry " ; 4 ) expounding that the objective patterns of regulatory reforms of the railway industry in china are explicit regulation with partly characteristics of implicit regulation ; 5 ) proving the idea that the structural reforms of the railway industry in china should be hierarchical ; 6 ) demonstrating the theoretical bases for whether infrastructure management should be separated from transpo rt operation ; 7 ) expounding and proving that the interior of the railway industry in china should implement the differential property rights reform pattern

    本文的研究特點在於： （ 1 ）在規模經濟、范圍經濟的基礎上進一步推導並證明了網路經濟與自然壟斷的關系，即自然壟斷可以從規模經濟、范圍經濟、網路經濟三個角度來解釋論述； （ 2 ）明確提出了一個與鮑莫爾、潘澤與威利格等人提出的「成本劣加性」相類似的概念? ?價值優加性，並證明了網路經濟的總價值函數和總收益函數具有嚴格優加性； （ 3 ）概括了自然壟斷市場界定中所出現的新特徵，即在壟斷產業中， 「市場」正越來越小於「產業」 ； （ 4 ）進一步論證了中國鐵路產業規制創新的目標模式是兼有部分內生規制特點的外生規制； （ 5 ）在中國鐵路產業的結構改革中應體現分層次的思想； （ 6 ）明確論述了內容提要鐵路路網公司等自然壟斷環節是否分割的理論基礎; （ 7 ）提出並進一步證明了中國鐵路產業內部應實行差異化的產權改革模式。
  9. This text contents is divided into four big parts totally, first, begin with analytic concept in results in governmental affairs in electronics and methods from the concept of the electronics governmental affairs, pass to analyze the electronics governmental affairs characteristics with the urgent of the electronics governmental affairs performance evaluation, expatiated the electronics governmental affairs to should make a point of the important meaning of the results in develop process ; the next in order, essentials a present condition for introducing saddle mountain city industry and business bureau and its electronics governmental affairses putting into practice, then pass to wait five aspects from the customer approval analysis, cost ? income analysis, operation performance analysis, social performance analysis, political performance analysis, puts to the saddle mountain industry and business bureau into practice in detail electronics 政 results analysis ; finally, emphasized to analyze the problem exsited in the saddle mountain city industry and business bureau electronics governmental affairs developments process, and homologous the results of exaltation of what time solution

    本文內容共分四個大部分，首先，從電子政務的概念和電子政務績效分析的概念及方法著手，通過分析電子政務特點和電子政務績效評估的緊迫性，闡述了電子政務在發展過程中應注重績效的重要意義；其次，概要性地介紹了鞍山市工商局及其電子政務實施的現狀，然後通過從用戶滿足度分析、成本?收益分析、運作效益分析、社會效益分析、政治效益分析等五個方面，具體地對鞍山工商局實施電子政性了績效分析；最後，著重分析了鞍山市工商局電子政務建設過程中存在的問題，以及相應的提高績效的幾點解決方案。
  10. This text contents is divided into four big parts totally, first, begin with analytic concept in results in governmental affairs in electronics and methods from the concept of the electronics governmental affairs, pass to analyze the electronics governmental affairs characteristics with the urgent of the electronics governmental affairs performance evaluation, expatiated the electronics governmental affairs to should make a point of the important meaning of the results in develop process ; the next in order, essentials a present condition for introducing saddle mountain city industry and business bureau and its electronics governmental affairses putting into practice, then pass to wait five aspects from the customer approval analysis, cost ? ? income analysis, operation performance analysis, social performance analysis, political performance analysis, puts to the saddle mountain industry and business bureau into practice in detail electronics 政 results analysis ; finally, emphasized to analyze the problem exsited in the saddle mountain city industry and business bureau electronics governmental affairs developments process, and homologous the results of exaltation of what time solution

    本文內容共分四個大部分，首先，從電子政務的概念和電子政務績效分析的概念及方法著手，通過分析電子政務特點和電子政務績效評估的緊迫性，闡述了電子政務在發展過程中應注重績效的重要意義；其次，概要性地介紹了鞍山市工商局及其電子政務實施的現狀，然後通過從用戶滿意度分析、成本? ?收益分析、運作效益分析、社會效益分析、政治效益分析等五個方面，詳細地對鞍山工商局實施電子政性了績效分析；最後，著重分析了鞍山市工商局電子政務建設過程中存在的問題，以及相應的提高績效的幾點解決方案。
  11. Secondly in enterprise valuation cost method should proceed with book value of the financial statement, regard market value as adjusting orientation and reduce application range of cost method. when income method is adopted, four principles should be paid attention to : a : stage - by - stage income model should be used which is made by early stage income current value added by later stage income increase. b : net profit and net cash flow should be the majority of income volume

    其次為：企業價值評估採用成本法應從財務報表的賬面價值入手、以市場價值為調整目標、減少成本法的應用范圍；採用收益法應以前期收益現值加後期收益額遞增的分階段收益模型，收益額以凈利潤、現金凈流量為主，收益預測以企業未來發展潛力分析為前提的銷售收入預測為主導，折現率堅持不低於無風險報酬率等四項原則，系數以回歸方程的測算為主；市場法中參照物企業選取應以同行業企業為基準、擴大數據來源，注重評估比率可靠性驗證、利用多種比率的配合等。
  12. This paper is trying to answer it. first of all, this paper analyses the system that promotes unfair related transaction and variance of regulatory regime, and explores relations of related transaction and earning management of loss companies. second, it uses the method that is different from literature in mainland china, adds the related transaction factor to consider the earning management of loss companies, and draws the conclusions through empirical method

    其次，本文採用不同於國內文獻的研究方法，引入關聯交易因素考慮虧損公司盈餘管理，通過經驗研究方法分別對關聯交易程度等級與資產收益率關系、虧損時間、關聯交易程度與盈餘管理三者關系、影響關聯交易因素及審計意見與盈利質量關系等關聯交易盈餘管理方面進行實證研究，並得出以下主要結論： 1
  13. Some experts and scholars have discussed areas between city and countryside, but no one divided the idiographic boundary about it. second, as defined factors of rank and grade, it chose the factors affecting the city and countryside. finally, at the ways of evaluating land price, it spread the using scope of the profit, cost, and rating of reduction in the method of income reduction and the exploitation expenses of the land, the tax in the method of cost approach

    在此之前，雖然有關專家和學者已對城鄉結合部作了不少論述，但均未曾劃分出具體界線；其次，確定定級因素時，選擇了對城市和鄉村均有影響的定級因素；最後，在土地估價方法中，拓寬了收益還原法中的土地總收益、總費用、還原率以及成本逼近法中的土地開發費、稅費等參數的應用范圍。
  14. In the part of economics theory, through introducing value theory and the theory of structure of value factors, the opinion is pointed that the appraisal value type of present value of revenue, present market value should be chosen and the valuation of intellectual assets should be paid more attention than other general assets such as labor and money

    在經濟學理論部分，通過對價值理論和價值要素構成理論的介紹，提出高新技術企業價值評估應選擇收益現值、現行市價評估價值類型，並且在評估高新技術企業過程中，應以智力資本為主的生產要素進行評估分析，而其他諸如勞動、一般資本等生產要素的評估則相對次要。
  15. Then, this paper empirically tested the validation and predictive accuracy of different var risk management model in the domestic financial market. finally, with the analysis of modem financial risk management development trend and the current domestic financial risk management situation, this paper made a prospect for the application of this model in the construction of domestic financial risk management system. through the analysis, the main conclusions are as follows : ( l ) the traditional mean - variance model is the special example of the portfolio selection based on the var risk management model for the case that the returns of the portfolio are assumed to be normally distributed ; compared with the mean - variance model, the var risk management model is more comprehensive and accurate in the measurement of the portfolio risk, so based on the var model, the investors can allocate the asset more effectively. ( 2 ) the var risk management model can provide the timely and comprehensive risk information for the top risk manager, so it is very helpful to the improvement of total risk management efficiency. ( 3 ) based on the var model, the raroc performance valuation approach can reflect the real performance of the portfolio manager and provide the coherent standard for the allocation of risk limitation and the construction of the incentive compatibility constraint mechanism in the financial instiutions

    通過研究分析，本文主要得出如下結論： （ 1 ）傳統的markowitz均值? ?方差模型僅僅是在資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於var風險管理模型進行資產組合選擇的特例，與均值? ?方差模型中的方差風險度量方法相比， var風險管理模型能夠更全面、更貼切地衡量資產組合的風險，且基於此模型能夠更有效地進行資產配置決策； （ 2 ） var風險管理模型能夠滿足更高層次風險管理者對風險信息的需求，有助於整體風險管理效率的提高； （ 3 ）基於var風險管理模型的raroc績效評價能夠反映資產組合管理人的真實業績，從而為金融機構風險限額的分配和激勵約束機制的制定提供統一的標準； （ 4 ）國內證券市場資產組合收益率服從正態分佈的假設明顯不成立，實證檢驗表明基於資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下的方差? ?協方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測存在較大的偏差，由於文中證明在收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於方差? ?協方差模型進行資產組合選擇的結果等價于markowitz的均值? ?方差模型，因此，均值? ?方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測同樣會存在著較大的偏差，而半參數var風險管理模型則能夠取得較好的預測衡量效果； （ 5 ） var風險管理模型符合未來金融風險管理的發展趨勢，基於var風險管理模型建立內容提要風險限額內控體系、風險信息披露體系和業績評價體系，並進行金融監管，將有助於國內金融機構內部風險管理方法和外部監管技術跟上國際金融風險管理的發展潮流。
  16. If there is inefficiency in this taxation system, it may result in excessive taxation burden such as loss for both investors and debtors and loss for inefficient work process in the security market

    當稅收制度效率低下時，將會造成投資者損失、融資者損失、證券市場效率損失等所集合的稅收超額負擔;而當稅收制度處于次優時，將會產生稅收額外收益。
  17. If you run the test, say, 50 times which is not much for even a medium - size project, the payoff is tremendous

    比方說，如果運行該測試50次（即使對於一個中等規模的項目，這個次數也不算多） ，則收益是巨大的。
  18. The analyses include demand - supply analysis, cost - revenue analysis, game analysis, neo - institutional economics analysis. through these analyses, we disclose the operational mechanism, favorable and unfavorable factors of the informatization of enterprise. in the end, this article analyze the actual condition of the informatization of enterprise in our country, points out existing problems, for example, the overall level of the informatization of enterprise is not high ; the input is not enough ; the required human resource is lacking ; and puts forward some measures to develop the informatization of enterprise in our country, such as improving the recognition of society, devising effective stimulus - commitment mechanism, improving the input, and the efficiency of investment, etc

    最後，文章考察了我國企業信息化的現狀，指出了其中存在的一些問題，如我國企業信息化整體水平不高，且發展不平衡；我國信息化投入資金不足，且投資效益低下；信息化所需人力資源缺乏，等等；並提出了促進我國企業信息化發展的若干措施：通過各種方式提高企業、政府和公眾對企業信息化的認識；對企業各層次人員設計有效的激勵?約束機制，增加企業信息化的動力，減少阻力；進行企業信息化的需求分析和成本收益分析，為科學決策奠定基礎；加大對企業信息化的投入，並努力提高投資效益等一系列措施。
  19. Secondly, aiming at the current situation of intangible assets investment in the parks, the shortcoming of the operation mechanism related to the intangible assets in the parks is analyzed. the theory basis about the capitalization of intangible assets is stated according to the economic theory of capital and revenue distribution, capital and economic effects. the paper presents the viewpoint that the capitalization of the intangible assets is the effective way to realize the sustainable development in the parks. the operation mechanism about the capitalization of the intangible assets is analyzed

    首先對農業科技園區、無形資產資本化的基本概念進行了界定，分析了農業無形資產的特殊性；其次針對我國農業科技園區中無形資產投入的現狀分析了農業科技園區中無形資產運行機制的弊端；根據經濟學關于資本與收益分配、資本與經濟效益的理論闡明了無形資產資本化的理論依據；提出了無形資產資本化是實現農業科技園區持續發展的有效途徑的觀點；分析了農業科技園區無形資產資本化的運行機制；最後對農業科技園區無形資產資本化過程中的產權界定、價值評估和風險及防範等問題作了進一步闡述。
  20. This essay explores how to figure out the period of calculating interest as well as times of it in the analysis of the feasibility of real estate projects and other problems, such as effect of tax variation, calculation of internal return rate and analysis of uncertainty

    摘要本文理論聯系實際地探討了房地產開發項目可行性研究中計息周期與計息次數的確定、稅收變動的影響、內部收益率的試算和不確定性分析等疑難問題，對進行房地產開發項目可行性研究具有一定的實用價值和指導作用。
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