次表層溫度 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [cìbiǎocéngwēndù]
次表層溫度 英文
su urface temperature
  • 次 : Ⅰ名詞1 （次序; 等第） order; sequence 2 [書面語] （出外遠行時停留的處所） stopping place on a jou...
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 層 : i 量詞1 （用於重疊、積累的東西 如樓層、階層、地層） storey; tier; stratum 2 （用於可以分項分步的...
  • 溫 : Ⅰ形容詞（不冷不熱） warm; lukewarm; hot; gentle; mild Ⅱ名詞1 （溫度） temperature 2 （瘟） acute ...
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 表層 : skin layer; superficial coat; veneer; surface; sexine; bloom; supercrust; surface layer表層沉積 [...
  • 溫度 : [物理學] temperature
  1. In this paper, features of decadal variability and the possible mechanism of sea - air system in the pacific are investigated by using upper - ocean temperature, heat storage and wind stress data, the main results are as follows : the most pronounce decadal sign exists at about 160 meter in depth in the western pacific. there are significant decadal abrupt changes in temperature from surface to deep in the subsurface at about 1980. with different depth in the subsurface, there exist 4 types of abrupt change modes, their generation is closely related to the decadal sign which originates from the east of north pacific and propagates along the south - west subduct ion route

    研究表明，太平洋次表層海溫最強的年代際信號在熱帶西太平洋約160m深處，此信號在1980年前後從上至下，先後經歷了一次顯著的年代際突變過程，而且隨深度的不同存在著四種不同的空間突變模態，這四種模態的形成與北太平洋海溫異常的西南潛沉路徑有著密切的聯系。
  2. On the surface of msta, there exists true dipole mode in the indian ocean, that ' s to say that if the temperature anomaly in the western indian ocean is positive, it is much likely that there is negative anomaly in the eastern indian ocean. dipole mode also exists in the pacific as that in the indian ocean. by virtue of the walker circulation and the similar circulation above the indian ocean, it is showed that the air - sea interaction events in the tropical pacific and the indian ocean develop with each other at the same time

    由於在次表層海溫距平極值面上，熱帶西、東印度洋的海溫距平呈真正意義的偶極子模態，即當西印度洋海溫距平為正（負）時，東印度洋海溫距平為負（正） ，偶極子模態的海溫距平分佈在熱帶太平洋同樣存在，兩大洋海溫距平的偶極子模態間有密切的聯系，結合walker環流和印度洋上空的類似walker環流，進而指出熱帶印度洋和太平洋海氣相互作用事件是協調發展的。
  3. Through research, the organic matter of source rocks in carboniferous - permian coal measure strata began first hydrocarbon - generating in mesozoic, and the first hydrocarbon - filling took place. but, because of yanshan movement later, the carboniferous - permian strata rose, as a result, the first hydrocarbon - generating and reservoir - forming paused ; in early tertiary period, because carboniferous - permian strata dipping forward east originally turned into dipping forward west, the prototype of faulted block began to form gradually ; by the end of sha - 3 period of early tertiary, the paleogeotherm of carboniferous - permian strata exceed the mesozoic ' s temperature again, and accordingly, abundant hydrocarbon was generated and expulsed secondly. the trap continued to develop ; from the end of late tertiary to quaternary, the second hydrocarbon - generating and expulsing got to its peak, and the second reservoir - forming was over

    研究表明，本區石炭?二疊紀烴源巖在中生代發生一次生烴和排烴，並有油氣充注，后因燕山運動導致地層抬升，一次生烴和成藏過程中止；在早第三紀，原來東傾的地層變為西傾，斷塊圈閉開始具雛形；至早第三紀沙二末期，石炭?二疊系的大部分地層古地溫再次超過中生代一次生烴的溫度，開始二次生烴和排烴，圈閉持續發育；晚第三紀末?第四紀，二次生烴、排烴達到高峰，二次成藏完成。
  4. The results indicated that the dimension, shape and purity of base material could meet the functional demand of solid lubricant ; the thermal decomposition temperature of ptfe resin exceeds 400 c, but organic and inorganic packing filler added in ptfe made the water absorption rate of composite material increased, melting temperature and decomposition temperature decreased, in the meanwhile oxidative decomposition reaction was accompanied ; polar groups such as c = o, c - o - c and so on in the carbon fiber surface is advantageous to increase compatibility with other components and interlayer shearing strength ; uniform design experimental method could help to find the relationship between formula and frictional property by relatively small tests. the developing trend of each formula ' s friction coefficient could be showed by fitting curve ; the friction coefficient with no copper powder or graphite in formula was relatively big. this fact showed that copper powder and graphite should be used cooperatively ; it was found that when the ratio of copper powder to graphite by weight is 15 : 60, 30 : 30 - 40 and 60 : 15 - 30 respectively, the friction coefficient was relatively small. the degree of crystallinity of pure ptfe reached maximum by air cooling and the abrasion loss also reached maximum among three ones ; at the same time, the abrasion loss of solid lubricant sample was also the biggest among three ones ; when solid lubricant matched with 45 # steel axle or gcrl5 steel axle, lubricant transfer film could be formed on metal surface, thus direct contact between the surface of metal friction pair rings was reduced. their working life was elongated extremely ; there was mainly much graphite, a little ptff, moo3, feso4, cus and so on in lubricant transfer film

    試驗結果表明：所選原料的尺寸、形狀及純度可滿足固體潤滑劑的性能要求；聚四氟乙烯樹脂熱分解溫度超過400 ，但在ptfe中加入無機填料會使復合材料吸水率提高，熔融溫度及分解溫度降低，且伴有氧化分解反應；碳纖維表面含有c = o及c - o - c等極性基團，有利於提高其與其它組分的相容性，提高層間剪切強度；均勻設計試驗方法能夠用較少的試驗次數找出配方與摩擦性能間的關系，擬合曲線基本能表示各配方的摩擦系數發展趨勢；配方中不加銅粉或不加石墨，其摩擦系數均較高，說明銅粉和石墨應該配合使用；當銅粉15份、石墨60份時，銅粉30份、石墨30 - 40份時，銅粉60 、石墨15 - 30份時，摩擦系數均具有較低值；純聚四氟乙烯樹脂在空氣冷卻時結晶度最大，磨損量也是三者中最大的；同時，固體潤滑劑試樣在空氣冷卻時的磨損量也是三者中最大的：不論是固體潤滑劑與45 #鋼軸配副或是固體潤滑劑鑲嵌入銅套后與gcr15鋼軸配副，在金屬表面均可形成潤滑轉移膜，從而減少金屬摩擦副表面間的直接接觸，大大延長其使用壽命;轉移膜中主要含有較多的石墨、少量聚四氟乙烯、 moo 。
  5. The quasi - geostrophic process was diagnosed for a case of severe cold air breakout under the blocking situation during 16 - 18 march of 1998. the attention was focused on the relationship between the surface anticyclone and 500hpa blocking high. the results indicate that the cold outbreak is associated with the adjustment of blocking situation in the ural area, i. e. the collapsing and rebuilding of the ural mountain blocking high. the temperature advections in the lower troposphere shown that the polar cold air invading from the northwest caused the ural blocking high collapsed, and a new ridge developed rapidly was due to the warm advection on the southwestern side which led to the ural blocking high rebuilt. in addition, the distribution of the vertical motion on 700hpa shown that the surface high splitting was related to the considerable upward motion located on the southeastern part of surface high

    對1998年3月中旬一次高空阻塞形勢下強冷空氣過程進行了診斷分析，著重討論強冷空氣爆發前後地面反氣旋活動與高空阻塞形勢調整的關系。研究結果表明，強冷空氣的爆發與烏拉爾地區阻塞形勢的調整阻塞高壓的崩潰和重建緊密相關。對流層下部的溫度平流分析表明，阻塞形勢的調整是由於阻塞高壓上游西北方有冷空氣侵入導致了阻塞高壓的崩潰，而上游來自西南方向的強暖流則導致高壓脊迅速發展，使阻塞高壓重新建立。
  6. Oceanic temperature anomalous signal pathway in the equatorial pacific

    赤道太平洋次表層海水溫度異常的信號通道
  7. Heat fluxes estimated from radiative temperature by this model is more accurate than other regular corrective methods. two - layer model has been proposed for many years but was difficult to apply in remote sensing because component temperature were unavailable in traditional thermal sensors. a new airborne multi - angular thermal sensor system and retrieved soil and canopy temperatures were used to solve two - layer model, and the simulated heat fluxes show much better accuracy than the results from one - layer model especially above dry surfaces

    雙層模型雖然提出很多年了，但在應用中一直存在信息不足，求解困難的問題，本文用最新多角度熱紅外遙感數據? ? ? amtis系統反演的組分溫度，首次實現了雙層模型在遙感中的應用，結果表明，在輸入參數精度相近的情況下，雙層模型模擬的通量誤差遠小於單層模型，尤其在土壤乾旱，表面溫度較高的地表，雙層模型的理論優勢在計算中表現得更加突出。
  8. It utilizes the thermoelectric couple and thermal imaging system for the first time to monitor the internal heat conduction of the decoration for the buildings, and the uses the thermal imaging system and thermoelectric couple of copper constantan to follow up the monitoring to the surface temperature of the tiles and the temperatures in many

    論文中首次利用熱電偶及熱像儀對飾面墻體的內部熱傳導過程進行了監測，利用熱像儀及銅-康銅熱電偶對面磚表面溫度及砂漿內部各層多點溫度進行了跟蹤監測，結果表明面磚表面溫度及砂漿內部各層溫度變化趨勢基本一致，而且從熱像儀測出的面磚表面溫度值與由熱電偶測出的面磚表面溫度值基本相同。
  9. 2. the range of soil co2 concentration varied with soil temperature is not the same for the soil layer and its characters and different vegetation : the varied range of topsoil is higher than that of deep soil at testing woodland ; the varied range of soil layer ( - 20cm ) is the highest than that of the other soil layers ; the range of co2 concentration varied with air temperature begins to increase in turn from woodslay and shrublay to herbage

    由於植被覆蓋類型不一樣和所處的層位以及本身性質，表層帶巖溶生態系統各層的coz濃度隨溫度變化的幅度不一樣，林地表層coz濃度變化的幅度比深部大，裸地土下e0 。 zcoz濃度變化的幅度比表層和底層大，林層、灌層和草層coz濃度變化的幅度依次變小。
  10. The surface of the maximum sea temperature anomaly ( msta ) was constructed from the subsurface sea temperature anomaly data in the tropical pacific from 1955 to 2002. it is quite similar to the depth distribution of the 20 ? c isotherm, which is usually used to represent the center of the thermocline layer

    利用1955 - 2002年48年熱帶、副熱帶太平洋地區次表層溫度距平資料，構造了溫度距平極值深度分佈的曲面圖（ msta ） ，它很接近20溫度面的深度分佈，因此有理由認為這一深度曲面很接近熱帶溫躍層的深度面。
  11. The bats can simulate well on the temperature value and change of surface soil and subsurface soil, which can reflect very well that the daily changed temperature of subsurface is obviously lower than that of surface. snowmelt is considered in the computing of mohe ' s soil temperature, which decrease the effect of forced comeback. in the result, the characteristics of temperature stablization in snowmelt time span and the variety trend in other time span also are well simulated

    2 ） bats模式對漠河表層和次表層土壤溫度的變化趨勢及量值有很好的模擬性能，能夠反映出次表層土壤比表層土壤溫度日變化幅度明顯減小的特點，在對漠河融雪期間土壤溫度的計算過程中，考慮了雪融，減小了強迫恢復作用，對融雪期間溫度穩定少變的特點也能很好地模擬出來。
  12. The main results are : grinding is favorable to improve surface smooth degree, while nitrided and slow deposition makes sic granules fine ; the width of coatings gap increased in order of grinding, nitrided and vacuum heat treatment, but gap defects in multilayer coatings could be removed by slow deposition ; temperature of maximum weight loss could be decrease to 600 by grinding, vacuum heat treatment or slow deposition, but it will increased to 800 after nitrided ; oxidation kinetics curves all varied with the coating modifications

    主要有：磨削改性有利於提高塗層表面平整度，氮化和慢沉積使塗層表面顆粒細化。塗層間隙寬度按磨削改性、高溫氮化、真空熱處理依次增大，而慢沉積可獲得無面缺陷的多層塗層。磨削改性、真空熱處理及慢沉積均使最大氧化失重溫度點提前至600 ，而高溫氮化則使最大失重點后移至800 。
  13. The main results are as follows : 1. soil co2 concentration of epikarst ecosystem begins to increase in turn with the depth of soil, and it is mainly controlled by temperature and humidity without rain

    我們發現： 1表層帶巖溶生態系統土壤coz濃度從地表向下依次增大，在無雨的條件下，土層coz濃度的高低主要取決與溫度、濕度。
  14. Results show that the interdecadal anomalies are more significant in the variance of the system anomaly in the north pacific ( np ), and the interannual and interdecadal anomalies are about equivaleut in the tropical pacific ( tp ) ; the interdecadal change characters of the surface ( shallow ) layer of the ocean and the atmosphere aloft are unanimous in the same season and region, and their transition from a low mode to a high mode both occurred from the end of 1970s to the beginning of 1980s, with an exception for july in the np, which is related to the stability of the stratification of sea temperature within the sub - surface layer ; the interannual scale air - sea anomalies are associated with enso, is most typical for january, then july in the tp, followed by january in the np, and there is no visible relationship for july in the np

    在海氣系統異常的方差構成中，北太平洋區域以年代際異常為主，熱帶太平洋區域年際和年代際異常相當；表（淺）層海洋與大氣的年代際變化特徵對同一季節、區域是一致的，且20世紀70年代後期到80年代初均發生由低模態向高模態的轉變；北太平洋區域的7月與此不同，這與該季節近表層海溫層結穩定有關；年際尺度的海、氣異常與enso有關，且以熱帶太平洋區域1月最典型， 7月次之，北太平洋區域1月再次之， 7月無明顯關系。
  15. In the paper, we put forward the combination of micro electronic technology, mems technology and vacuum micro electronic technology to develop a micro electronic pressure sensor with overload protection. the pressure sensor consists. of elastic anode membrane, isolation layer, vacuum micro cavity and field emission catelectrode tip array with overload protection. such pressure sensor has many advantages, such as high temperature stability, radiation resistance, fast response, high sensitivity, small volume, simple secondary instruments and bulk production

    本文在重慶市科技「十五」項目的資助下，提出利用微電子技術、 mems技術和真空電子技術相結合的方法，研究一種帶過保護功能的真空微電子壓力傳感器，該壓力傳感器由帶過保護的場致發射陰極錐尖陣列、彈性陽極膜、絕緣層、真空微腔所構成，具有溫度穩定性好、抗輻射、快響應、高靈敏、體積小、二次儀表簡單、可批量生產等優點，具有廣泛的應用市場。
  16. The effects of some parameters such as mould temperature and its uniformity, the mould rotation rate on the surface roughness and uniformity of thinkness in the process of duplex, alterable - rotation coating are studied

    研究了用變轉速二次布砂工藝覆砂時，鑄型溫度及其均勻性和鑄型轉速等工藝參數對覆砂層厚度均勻性和表面粗糙度的影響規律。
  17. Based on the analyses, it was found that if the subsurface warm pool is regarded as the beginning point, the warm or cold signal propagates initially eastward and upward along the equatorial surface of msta to the eastern pacific and stays there several months and then turns north, usually moves westward near 10 to western pacific and finally propagates southward to return to warm pool to form an off - equator closed circuit. it takes about 2 to 4 years for the temperat ure anomaly to move around the cycle. if the smta of warm ( cold ) water is strong enough, there will be two successive el nino ( la nina ) events during the period of 2 to 4 years

    ） a事件下/負海溫距平信號的分佈和傳播「軌跡」 ，發現如果以暖池次表層為起點，則一般來說，暖水或冷水先是沿赤道的極值深度面向東、向上「傳播」或運動，到達赤道東太平海盆邊界附近后，分別轉向向北和向南運動，然後在南、北緯10左右再折向西運動，並在暖池的經度范圍內再作經向運動傳到暖地，即在南、北半球以赤道為一邊， 「傳播」或運動路徑形成扁的閉合環路，溫度距平運動一圈需時2 - 4年。
  18. The highest temperature, the maximum temperature fluctuation, and temperature in the every time of day in the upper layer soil all occurred under the middle of the mulch, which was followed in turn by the side and clearance of the mulch

    一日內表層土溫的最大變幅和各時刻溫度的最大值和最大變幅均發生在膜中，其次是膜邊、壟溝。
  19. In order to otain high quality zno thin films, we, for the first time, employ the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition ( pecvd ) to prepare high quality zno thin film at low temperature using a zinc organic source ( zn ( c2h5 ) 2 ) and carbon dioxide ( co2 ) gas mixtures. the effects of the growing condiction and the native oxide layer of si substrate on the quality of zno thin films was studied in detail. to prepare p - zno and overcome the dufficulty of reverse due to the interaction between the n atomic, we obtain high qulaity p - zno by a easy way of thermal zn3n2

    為了在低溫下制備高質量的氧化鋅薄膜，我們採用金屬有機源和二氧化碳氣源，首次利用等離子體增強化學氣相沉積的技術在低溫下制備了高質量的氧化鋅薄膜，系統地研究了生長條件以及襯底表面氧化層對薄膜質量的影響，確定了生長高質量氧化鋅薄膜的優化條件；為獲得p - zno材料，克服在zno中摻n雜質間相互作用影響摻雜效率不易獲得p - zno的困難，我們通過熱氧化zn3n2的方法制備了p - zno ，獲得了一系列研究結果： 1 、詳細研究了氣體流速比，襯底溫度和射頻功率實驗參數對氧化鋅薄膜特性的影響。
  20. It is one of mechanisms of plastic distortion, at the same time it is also the beginning of microcosmic damage and rupture before the macroscopical destroying of materials, it representatives a mid - state between materials " macroscopical rupture and bend, it is considered a premonitory that the rupture of polymer material, which get common attention by scholar inside and outside nation. therefore, the research for engineering polymer in mechanic action of non - linearity destroy such as distortion, destroy and depe nd on time and temperature is valuable in theoretic research and actual application, which offer the important theoretic gist for changing complex material ' s capability and actualize polymer ' s perfect application with high quality of capability in engineering

    同時，銀紋化和銀紋損傷是高聚物特有的一種現象，細觀層次的銀紋引發、生長和斷裂在聚合物損傷斷裂的整個過程中起著承前啟后的作用，它是溝通宏、微觀變形機制的橋梁，是材料塑性變形的機制之一，同時又是材料宏觀破壞以前微觀上損傷、破壞的開始，它代表材料微觀斷裂和屈服之間的一個中間狀態，可以看作是聚合物材料宏觀斷裂的先兆，受到國內外學者們的廣泛關注。因此，開展工程聚合物變形、破壞以及時間相依和溫度依賴性等非線性力學行為研究，探討聚合物破壞過程中的非線性力學行為，為聚合物及其復合材料的改性、實現聚合物的工程化與高性能化提供重要的理論依據，具有重要的理論研究意義和實際應用價值。
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