比例變異 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [bǐlìbiànyì]
比例變異
英文
meristic variation-
This is so because climbing plants are likely to encounter intensive - changing environmental condition during their growth ( especially change of illumination ). secondly, there is a large proportion ( 30 - 40 % ) of climbing plants which belong to dioecism, and hence a gap between male and female plants on morphology, biological characteristic, economic value and so on. this dissertation focuses on herbaceous climbing plants, perennial or annual species such as dioecious trchosahthes kirilowii maxin and dioscorea opposita thumb, and monoecious luffa cylindrical ( l ) roem, it attempts to discover how climbing plants adapted to various environments and the mechanism of adaptation from aspects of physiological and reproductive ecologies at present, due to overuse of chlorofluorocarbons ( cfcs ), the ozonosphere has become thinner and thinner, and the ultraviolet - b ( uv - b ) radiation has increased considerably
而攀援植物本身是一類理想的植物行為生態學研究材料：第一，攀緣植物由於受攀緣能力和支柱木資源的限制，在生長過程中通常要遇到強烈變化的環境條件（特別是光照） ；第二，攀緣植物中具有較高比例的雌雄異株類型，通常佔地區攀緣植物種類的30 40左右，不同性別的植物在形態學及生物學特性、經濟價值等方面存在一定的差距，因此，本文以雌雄異株攀緣植物栝樓（ trchosahtheskirilowiimaxim ） （葫蘆科多年生草質藤本植物）和山藥（ dioscoreaoppositathunb ） （薯蕷科薯蕷屬植物） 、雌雄同株異花攀緣植物絲瓜[ luffacylindrical （ l ） roem ] （葫蘆科一年生攀緣草本植物）為材料，試圖從生理生態學及生殖生態學角度揭示攀援植物如何適應不同生境及其機理。Cluster analysis by upgma methods indicated that these five stocks might be divided into three clusters. results of rapd a nalysis suggested that extensive genetic diversity was detected in this species and the genetic divergence among stocks was relatively high ; upgma phylogenetic tree showed there existed three geographic populations of p. polyactis in the yellow sea and the east china sea, which supported the previous conclusion by morphological and ecological methods. part two : the genetic diversity between trichiurus lepturus and eupleurogrammus muticus random amplified polymorphic dna ( rapd ) technique was applied to 12 individuals from each species of the hairtail fishes trichiurus lepturus and eupleurogrammus muticus collected from the yellow sea
50一2 . 44 ） ，群體內和群體間的遺傳變異比例分別為69 %和31 % ;群體間的平均遺傳相似度和遺傳距離分別為0 . 9139和o . q861 ;用非加權配對算數平均法（ unweightedpair - groupmethodofari山m七tiome即s ， upgma ）聚類分析的結果表明，所分析的5個群體可被分為3個地理群系，從分子水平上支持了過去有關學者把黃海和東海的小黃魚劃分為北中南3個地理群系的觀點。As analyzed, ( 1 ) the rapd technique is highly sensitive to investigating genetic diversity in t. lepturus and e. muticus. t. lepturus exhibits lower polymorphism and genetic diversity than e. muticus ; ( 2 ) according to the analysis of the partial mitochondrial 16s rrna gene sequences, a very low intraspecific variation and considerably high divergence among species were found, which reveals a dual nature of conservatism and variability in mitochondrial 16s rrna gene ; ( 3 ) five primers generate the species - speeific rapd sites and these sites can be served as the molecular markers for species identification and ( 4 ) it can be proved at dna variation level that t. lepturus and e. muticus are of two species respectively pertainiag to different genera, which supported the nelson taxonomic conclusion
分析結果表明: （ 1 ） rapd技術研究黃海帶魚和小帶魚的遺傳多樣性具有較高的靈敏度和檢出率，帶魚的多態比例和遺傳多態度均較小帶魚的低; （ 2 ）線粒體165出兇a基因序列在分析兩物種遺傳變異時表現出保守和變異的雙重特性，種內變異極小而種間較大: （ 3 ） 5個隨機引物擴增出種特異的ra衛d帶，可作為種間分子鑒定標記; （ 4 ）研究證實帶魚和小帶魚是不同屬的兩個種，從而在分子水平上支持了nelson分類系統的觀點。Abstract : this paper, by analyzing the effect of differences of mineral structure of 2 1 layer minerals, the properties of their interlayer charge and changes of some properties caused by weathering on the attractive force for interlayer cation, reached the conclusion that : the fixation capacity is determined by the ratio of the total amount of interlayer charge and that of tetrahedral charges. the relationship of interlayer cation fixation and octahedral structure of secondary minerals is probably different from that of primary minerals. the oxidation and reduction of variable valence cations can greatly influence the cation fixation capacity
文摘:分析2 1型礦物的結構差異、層間電荷性質以及在風化過程中某些性質的變化對層間陽離子吸引力的影響，對已有報道中一些矛盾的結果或不具普遍意義的結論進行了討論.得出幾個較為明確的結論：層間總電荷與四面體電荷所佔比例大小共同決定礦物對層間陽離子的固定能力；原生礦物中八面體結構與層間陽離子固定間的關系對次生礦物而言，也許並不一致；八面體中可變價陽離子的氧化還原，可導致礦物固定陽離子能力發生較大變化Abstract : on the basis of that the proportion of time spent sparking is analyzed in electrical discharge machining ( edm ) process, a new method. which is used to ascertain the trend of discharge gap change, is presented. and a fuzzy control strtegy is introduced to parctical use, the results is well
文摘:通過對電火花成形機放電狀態的分析，提出了利用分析周期內出現異常放電狀態時間的比例及開路狀態所佔時間的比例，來判別電火花成形加工的間隙放電狀態及其變化趨勢的方法，並在此基礎上利用模糊控制策略實現了對電火花成形加工過程中放電狀態的控制，取得了令人滿意的效果。The percentage of polymorphic sites, degree of genetic polymorphism and genetic distance were compared and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by neighbor - joining method. the partial mitochondrial 16s rrna gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) and the pcr products were directly sequenced after purified. these sequences, together with the homologous sequences of another trichiuridae species lepidopus caudatus obtained from genbank were used to analyze nucleotide difference and to establish a upgma phylogenetic tree by means of biological informatics
汝us價ay1830 ）各12個個體進行rapd分析，對比多態位點比例、遺傳多態度以及遺傳距離，並構建neighbor - join噸系統樹;通過pcr擴增出線粒體165rrna基因，純化后直接測序，利用生物信息學方法進行序列分析和核昔酸變異比較，結合ge紅bar止中大西洋叉尾帶魚（ lepid （護腳caud玫tuseuphrasen1788 ）同源序列構建u甲cm叭系統樹。Hence, total carotenoid content was slightly reduced at the beginning, and then went up quickly, leading to change of fruit color from green to its color characteristic of mature fruit. 3. correlation between changes in color and carotenoid content in peel of citrus fruit was investigated using mantouhong ( c. erythrosa hort ex tanaka ), owari satsuma mandarin ( c. unshiu marc ), huyou ( citrus hybrid ) as representatives of red, orange and yellow cultivars, respectively
對紅、橙、黃三種不同色澤的代表品種「滿頭紅」 、 「尾張」 、 「胡柚」的果實外觀色澤變化與果皮類胡蘿卜素變化的關系分析表明，類胡蘿卜素總量及其橙、紅色類胡蘿卜素成分-隱黃質、 -檸烏素積累少是柑橘果實顏色淡呈黃色的主要原因；柑橘果實呈現紅、橙色差異並非由於果皮類胡蘿卜素總量的差異，而主要是由於果皮不同類胡蘿卜素成分組成比例不同造成。The proportion of the primary school children of divorces is the highest in the children of divorces. the divorces of their parents bring tremendous misfortunes to these children who were innocent and lovely, their happy childhoods become gloomy and they can hardly grow up healthy and happily like the children from integrated families. at the same time, the adverse influences of divorces to the children are the most evident, the psychological hurts are the deepest, the changes of behavior are the most obvious, and the social problems that it brings about are severe, complicated and far - reaching, so the research of the primary school children of divorces has practical social significance to the development of our whole country, society and nation
在離異家庭子女總人數中小學離異家庭兒童所佔比例是最高的，父母離婚對兒童的負面影響是最明顯的，心理傷害是最深的，行為變化是最突出的，由此而帶來的社會問題是嚴重的、復雜的、深遠的。所以對小學離異家庭子女的研究，對我們整個國家、整個社會、整個民族的發展而言，將具有重大的社會現實意義，對人類自己、教育本身的探索來說，將具有重要的理論思想價值。The percentage of autumn degradation bacteria was the biggest, it was 0. 547 %. among degradation bacteria genus, the bacillus proportion in each season was the biggest, that was 44. 44 %, 50. 00 %, 48. 15 % and 47. 22 % in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively, other bacteria genus ' s proportion were less than bacillus. this was probably related to the basic proterties of soil, the alternation of four seasons, the change of temprature and the difference of vegetation were fairly suitable to the growth of bacillus
在土壤細菌總數上，夏季的細菌數量最多，其次分別為春、秋、冬各季；在土壤中降解氧樂果的細菌數量上，夏季土壤中的降解菌株數量也最多，其次分別為春、秋、冬各季，土壤磷的含量與降解氧樂果細菌的數量之間並沒有太大的相關性（ r = 0 . 494 ） ；在降解菌占細菌總數百分比上，秋季降解菌株所佔百分比最大，為0 . 547 % ；在降解菌株中，芽孢桿菌屬（ bacillus ）在每一季節所佔的比例都是最大的，春、夏、秋、冬分別為44 . 44 % 、 50 . 00 % 、 48 . 15 % 、 47 . 22 % ，其它菌屬所佔比例都比較少，這可能跟土壤的基本性狀有關，春夏秋冬四季的輪換，氣溫的變化，植被的差異，耕作的不同，比較適合抗逆性較強的芽孢桿菌屬（ bacillus ）的生長。The landscape structure has intensively changed ; the diversities of acreage ratio of various landscapes and the extent of landscape fragmentation have augmented a lot, the structures of land utilization get more complex, the extent of abnormity of landscape shape has enhanced
發現1996 - 2004八年間，研究區土地利用景觀變化劇烈，各景觀類型面積比例差異增大，土地利用結構混雜，景觀破碎化程度變大，景觀形狀不規則化程度加劇。Simple genetic algorithm gets local minimization too easily and converges slowly. to solve these problems, adaptive crossover rate that has reverse hyperbolic rel ation with the numbers of iteration is designed, and adaptive mutation rate that has reverse proportion to the distances of parents and reverse exponential relat ion to the numbers of iteration is put forward. the practical simulation results show that the adaptive ga has greater convergence speed and larger probability o f getting the best solution
簡單遺傳演算法存在著收斂速度慢、易陷入局部極小等缺陷.針對這些缺陷，本文設計出隨相對遺傳代數呈雙曲線下降的自適應交換率，並提出與父串間的相對歐氏距離成反比、隨相對遺傳代數指數下降的自適應變異率.實例驗證表明，具有自適應交換率和變異率的遺傳演算法在收斂速度和獲得全局最優解的概率兩個方面都有很大的提高Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映Based on the genetic algorithm ' s global searching capability with probability regulation and euclid ' s space distance metric to settle multi - objective, the algorithm that integrates multi - objective ' s decision - making into the modified genetic algorithm to solute the optimal model with discrete variables and multi - objective is proposed. during the algorithm ' s design, the euclid ' s space distance metric is proposed to transform the multi - objective problem into single objective problem. and some modified measure to fitness function and crossover probability and mutation probability are used to improve the performance of the algorithm and avoid premature convergence
演算法設計過程中，利用歐幾里德空間距離準則和罰函數法，將含有約束條件的多目標規劃問題轉化為無約束的單目標優化問題；針對簡單遺傳演算法出現的早熟，構造隨進化代數動態調整適應度的適應度函數和隨個體適應度自適應調整的交叉、變異概率；提出比例選擇與精英保留策略相結合的選擇、兩點交叉和簡單變異的改進遺傳演算法。The result of empirical study indicates, though they don ' t gain long - term competitive advantage as a whole, the difference is larger between different types of m & as ; their advantage is significantly and positively related to the percentage of legal - person shares and insignificantly to that of state - owned shares or tradable shares ; those acquiring companies whose largest shareholders alter after m & a gain more advantage
實證結果表明，雖然收購公司總體上沒有獲得長期競爭優勢，但不同類型的並購存在較大的差異；公司競爭優勢與法人股東變更著正相關，與流通股比例和國有股比例的相關關系顯著；收購前後第一大股東變更的收購公司的競爭優勢明顯。The paper shows the research for the division of regional land - use structure in the east of gansu loess plateau according to the dates from the square and ratio of second - class land types of the detailed land - use investigation, adopting the quantified structure analysis method of landscape ecology, taking the longdong region of the upper and mid jinghe river - sheds as an example, through quantitative research of the division of regional land - use structure
摘要根據土地利用詳查變更資料中二級分類的用地面積和比例，採用景觀生態學結構定量分析方法，以涇河中上游流域的隴東地區為例，對土地利用結構的地域分異進行了定量研究。This paper, in view of the comparison and analysis of poetic theory and the way of analyzing poems in seven types of ambiguity by william empson and that of in the examples of plural meanings of poems by zhu zi - qing, expounds the influence of ambiguity theory in new criticism on the poetic theory of zhu zi - qing and the aberrance it brought about when his analyzing chinese classical poems with the theory
摘要主要通過燕卜蓀的《復義七型》中的復義理論及其詩歌分析方法和朱自清的《詩多義舉例》中的詩歌理論及其詩歌分析方法的比較和分析，用以說明新批評的復義理論對朱自清詩歌理論的影響以及他在運用該理論分析中國古典詩歌時所生發的一種變異現象。Methods : the blood flow parameters of 113 patients with vertebral artery course variation among 1161 patients with cervical spondylopathy were statistically analyzed and compared to the control group
方法：用彩色多普勒對頸椎病患者進行檢測，從1161例頸椎病中篩選出113例椎動脈走行變異患者，對變異側內徑和血流參數與對照組進行統計學比較。This dissertation proposes : only we follow combinatorial principle of key productive elements, cooperation of every key elements closely, coordinating each other, could it fully exert their functions, and promote the rural economic growth
只有遵循生產力要素組合原理，各要素密切配合、相互協調，才能充分發揮其功能，促進農村經濟增長。值得注意的是，不同的地區，生產力要素存在差異；不同的時期，生產力要素最佳配合比例也可能發生變化。At the soonest approach concerned the theoryon after liberation was producer goods precedence growth, two greater part proportional relation and others, present research tend to industrial structure fluctuant resource allocation effect, industrial policy, traditional industry ' s adjustment and quantification research. industry organization theory is based on microeconomics, orthodox industry organization theory ' s basic feature is scp analyses paradigm, primary school has harvard as well as non - mainstream ' s chicago school, innovation school and neo - austrian school. hotspots in our country recent years are enterprise size, industrial concentration, market structure, as well as relation to performance, entering and exit mechanism and industrial system policy. this article takes over evolutionary economics ' s analytical approach to analyse institution and technology change, which may affect manufacturing industry, and using evolutive viewpoint to research competition, regional cooperation. based on industrial economics ' s theory, the artical puts forward that manufacturing industry take the leading function in economic structure transformation, manufacturing industry ' s laging is maxima drawback for the agro - industry change, and others
產業結構理論早在威廉?配第的著作中已有論及，要點是產業間的相對收入差異導致勞動力的部門流動；后來又有關于勞動力在三次產業間移動趨勢的研究，產業結構演替規律的分析，工業化過程與后工業化社會，工業結構的高加工度、高技術化及產業結構軟化等問題的研究，我國建國後有關的理論最早探討生產資料優先增長、兩大部類比例關系等，目前的研究則趨于對產業結構變動的資源配置效應、產業政策、傳統產業調整進行定量化研究。產業組織理論以微觀經濟學為基礎，正統的產業組織理論的基本特徵是scp分析範式，主要有哈佛學派和芝加哥學派、新制度學派和新奧地利學派。( c ) land natural productivity increase from 7843 kg / ( hm2 - a ) to 17335 kg / ( hm2 - a ) relate to altitude closely, and the mean rate of enhancing yield is 23. 53 percent in this region with annual enhancing - rate of 0. 64 percent in last 15 years. ( d ) there are many facters that have been influe ncing soil effective coefficient that ' s soil organic matter, total nitrogen, effective phosphine and soil texture in turn. in a word, attenuation cause of land productivity is the result of water and soil. ( e ) the forestland potential productivity change from 3986 kg / hm2 to 15034 kg / hm2, but it has a high distinction between southern aera and north area in yaan city. ( f ) the grassland potential productivity increase from 4085 kg / ( hm2 - a ) to 16973 kg / ( hm2 - a ), but it has a high classification of potential productivity, ( g ) ditribution map was formed of potential land productivity. ( h ) it could be act as decision support for agriculture development, national land planning and ecotop constructive, etc
5 、土地自然生產潛力水平的主要土壤限制因素為有機質、全氮，其次為速效磷和土壤質地；區域潛在生產力差異的制約因素，主要為土壤，次為水分，水、土兩項衰減合計為45 . 99 ，石棉、漢源兩縣水、土衰減達到60左右。 6 、林地潛力在3986 15034kg / hm ~ 2之間，高等級林地比重小，以大相嶺為界，北部的各縣林地生產力水平高，南部的兩縣林地生產力水平較低。 7 、天然草地生產潛力水平高，潛力在16973 4085kg / （ hm ~ 2 ? a ）之間，以高產的一、二、三級草地為主，且近10年來該比例變化不大。分享友人