比反應速率 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bǐfǎnyīngsùlǜ]
比反應速率 英文
specific rate of reaction
  • 比 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等） compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 （比...
  • 反 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方向相背） reverse side 2 （造反） rebellion 3 （指反革命、反動派） counterrevolutionari...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 速 : Ⅰ形容詞（迅速; 快） fast; rapid; quick; speedy Ⅱ名詞1 （速度） speed; velocity 2 （姓氏） a surna...
  • 率 : 率名詞（比值） rate; ratio; proportion
  • 速率 : speed; rate; tempo
  1. In this thesis, the development of emulsion polymerization theory and related new technologies are comprehensively reviewed, and the synthetic technologies of acrylate latex modified by organosilicon both at home and abroad are also reviewed. based on the current development and research in this field, attentions of this study are focused on three ways for preparing novel acrylate latexes modified by organosilicons, that is, 1 ) the acrylate monomers are copolymerized with unsaturated silicons by emulsion copolymerization ; 2 ) a new latex with microphase separation morphology is synthesized, which shows a core - shell structure character ; 3 ) soap - free polymerization is explored for preparing a higher - performance latex using an unsaturated silicon monomer, different acrylates and a reactive emulsifier. by using techniques of delaying addition of organosilicon monomer and a hydrolysis inhibitor, the hydrolysis and condensation of 3 - ( trimethoxysilyl ) propyl methacrylate during polymerization can be effectively prevented, as a result, organosilicon content in the macromolecular chain is increased

    同時採用有機硅單體延遲滴加及添加水解抑制劑等技術，有效防止了-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷在乳液聚合過程中的過渡水解及縮合反應，提高了聚合物大分子鏈中有機硅鏈節的含量；利用紅外光譜與差示掃描量熱儀對產物分子結構進行了表徵，並通過對共聚產物力學和吸水率的測試，證實了本研究所制備的有機硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚物具有比純丙烯酸酯聚合物更優良的力學及耐水性能；從分子設計角度出發，利用醇解反應合成出水解、縮合反應速率較慢的兩種新型不飽和有機硅單體： ?甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和?甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三異丙氧基硅烷；利用核磁共振對新型硅烷單體結構進行了證實；研究表明利用新型硅烷單體可以制備出高硅烷含量的有機硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液，且其聚合產物具有較高的力學及耐水性能。
  2. The method proposed in this thesis do well in solving the problems of multi - damping - ratio - spectra simulation. it is convenient to obtain the pareto optimal solution set of the multi - object question by using implicit parallel genetic algorithms and the method can meet the practical needs for simulating ground motions coinciding with multi - damping - ratio - spectra in seismic design. the crossing rate and variance rate are important parameters of genetic algorithms which affect the rate of convergence, the adapting rate of cross and variation in this paper can auto - adapt and according to stand or fall of current sample, it assures the sample approach to the pareto optimal solution set in fast convergent speed

    較好地解決多阻尼比反應譜擬合問題；本文方法通過一次運行就能獲得一組具有集系特性的地震動，在擬合多阻尼比反應譜的人造地震波集系的模擬方面有傳統方法所不能比擬的優勢，產生的人造波或人造波集系可滿足工程抗震設計需要；在遺傳演算法中，交叉概率和變異概率是影響收斂速度的重要參數，本文採用的改進自適應交叉概率和變異概率，可以根據當前樣本的好壞程度來自動地選擇適當的交叉概率和變異概率，以保證演算法始終以較好的速度向pareto最優解集逼近。
  3. Some main results of testing research were as fellows : i. in the course of testing of leaching zinc dross, leaching zinc dross by sulfuric acid was researched and the effects on the leaching rate of the zinc dross were analyzed by author, the optimum conditions of leaching testing of zinc dross were determined as fellows : liquid - solid ratio 6 : 1, stirring ratio 250r / min, granularity 120 mesh, the soaking time 5h, the concentration of sulfuric acid of 30 %, and under these conditions, the rate of leaching zinc is above 92. 0 %. ii. in the course of testing of purification, on the basis of comprehending and comparing all present methods of the manganese - removal and iron - removal, the oxidizing method of manganese - removal in zinc sulfate solution using ammonium persulfate was put forward and the oxidizing method of iron - removal in zinc sulfate solution using the goethite process and oxidation - hydrolysis process was adopted

    研究的主要結果具體如下： 1 、研究了硫酸浸出鋅浮渣並分析了影響浸出率的各種因素，確定了浸出鋅浮渣的最佳條件為：液固比為6 ： 1 ，攪拌速度為250r min ，粒度為- 120目，酸浸時間為5 . 0h ，硫酸濃度30 ，鋅浮渣的浸出率大於92 . 0 ； 2 、在綜合和比較了目前除錳和除鐵的各種方法基礎上，提出了過硫酸銨氧化除錳方法和選擇了針鐵礦-氧化水解聯合法除鐵方法，並分析和討論了影響除錳率和除鐵率等各種因素，確定了除錳的條件為：溫度90 ， ph值5 . 4 ，反應時間3h ，過硫酸銨達到理論值的1 . 2倍，除錳率超過99 . 86 ；聯合法除鐵的條件為：氧化反應時間1 . 5小時、溫度控制在90 92 、 ph值5 . 2 5
  4. The reaction activity was influenced by the velocity of gas, and the conversion rate was inverse ratio to the velocity of flow

    同時研究了反應氣體流速對h _ 2s光催化氧化反應的影響， h _ 2s的去除率與流速成反比。
  5. The reactivity of different kind of coals, the reactivity of the same coal with different lithotype, and the reactivity of char with different carbon conversion rate were checked by using the specific maximum weight loss rate, and the results were analyzed and compared with those obtained by using other criteria

    定義試樣在熱天平非等溫實驗中的最大失重速率與該樣品乾燥無灰基含碳量的商為最大比失重速率，採用最大比失重速率對不同煤種、同一煤種的不同宏觀煤巖和同一宏觀煤巖不同燃盡度煤焦等試樣的反應性進行了判斷，同時與採用其他判據的判斷結果作了對比。
  6. Targeting to the real requirements of refrigerator production in the strong competition of the current globalised marketplace, this thesis introduced the principle of the agile virtual enterprise into new refrigerator development project to meet the diverse needs of customers. based on the idea of concurrent engineering ( ce ), new product development must be taken into consideration in order to adapt the rapid marketing change, to obtain agile responsiveness and reduce the time to market, to achieve lower price and better product quality and high chance to hit target

    本課題的研究針對美的冰箱項目的實際需要，根據當前冰箱市場競爭的態勢，把敏捷虛擬企業的理論運用美的冰箱項目oem模式之中，根據市場需求的多樣性，提出了新產品開發模式必須適應市場需求，快速反應，開發周期要短，性價比要優，命中率要高，因此必須引入敏捷開發模式。
  7. Diurnal and seasonal changes in tr of ceratoides spp. displayed typically a single peak. tr was higher and response was more sensitive to environmental factors in ceratoides spp

    與霸王（ zygophyllumxanthoxylum ）和沙拐棗（ calligonumrubicundum ）相比，駝絨藜屬植物及檸條（ caraganakorshinski ）的蒸騰速率較高、對環境反應較敏感。
  8. The effects of coal types, temperature and ash content in coal on the char gasification with co2 were examined

    用隨機孔模型模擬北宿煤反應速率與碳轉化率的關系曲線，與未反應芯縮核模型和混合模型模擬結果比較。
  9. However, when the samples have different effective contact areas, the degrees of dissolution may depend on the swing of the pendulum between the dissolution velocity and their effective contact area

    但當樣品在水巖反應過程中有不同的比表面積時，溶蝕作用的強弱或快慢就取決于巖石溶蝕速率與水巖反應有效接觸面積的消長關系。
  10. The feedback of the output voltage is the major control loop. to achieve better frequency response and disturbance rejection of the input voltage, a input voltage feed - forward system is introduced in control loop. the duty - cycle of pwm applied at the gate of power mosfet is modulated by both input and output voltage

    該晶元採用的控制方式為電壓型pwm （脈沖寬度調制， pulsewidthmodulation ）控制方式，以輸出電壓反饋作為主要控制參量，同時為了提高晶元對輸入電壓擾動的響應速度，採用了輸入電壓前饋方法，將輸入電壓因素引入了反饋控制環中，通過對輸入輸出電壓的檢測，控制加在功率mos管柵極電壓上矩形脈沖的占空比，進而調節輸出電壓。
  11. The convective term is solved by ausm + ( a sequel to ausm which means " the advection upstream splitting method " ). the 7 species 8 steps model and 7 species 7 steps model of hydrogen / air is used in the hydrogen reacting flowfield, the 9 species 5 steps model of methane, the 10 species 10 steps model of ethane and the 10 species 13 steps model of kerosene are used in the hydrocarbon reacting flowfield, the results of the distributions of velocity, mach number, pressure, static temperature, total temperature, species mass fraction and the combustion efficiency are gained, and the numerical results of the pressure of hydrogen and methane are compared with those of the experiment

    計算中通量項採用ausm +通量分裂格式，氫反應流場採用氫/空氣的七組元八方程模型和七組元七方程模型，碳氫反應流場採用甲烷的九組元五方程模型、乙烯的十組元十方程模型和煤油的十組元十三方程模型，得出了超燃發動機燃燒室流場的速度、馬赫數、壓力、靜溫、總溫和組元質量分數分佈及燃燒效率等性能參數，其中氫和甲烷的計算壓力分佈與實驗結果進行了比較。
  12. It is indicated that the hydration process of cement - based materials with slag, fly ash and silica fume is different in some degree from that of neat cement because of the difference in mineral structure and hydration mechanism. the periods of accelerating, decelerating and terminating are prolonged and hydration reaction decelerates. the second peak of rate curve of the heat evolution could be divided into two small peaks, which are contributed to the hydration of clinkers and mineral mixtures at the temperature of 30 but when temperature comes to 50, the two small peaks combine into one and the reaction accelerates

    結果表明，與硅酸鹽水泥相比，由於礦物摻合料與水泥熟料在活性和水化機理上的差異，水化歷程有較大的改變：多組分體系誘導期、加速期和衰減期延長，水化反應速率明顯降低；低溫時，水化放熱速率曲線上的第二放熱峰細化成分別對應于熟料和礦物摻合料水化的兩個小峰；高溫時，反應速率加快，雙峰合併；進一步研究發現，摻合料的種類與摻量對水化歷程也有較大的影響；建立了適用於多組分水泥基材料不同水化階段的水化動力學方程。
  13. Results show that the specific maximum weight loss rate can be used as a commonality parameter to evaluate and distinguish the reactivity of different coal and char, and that the heating rate selected in tga experiment has no effect on the judgment

    結果表明，最大比失重速率作為比較物質反應性的判據具有一定的通用性，能夠較好地區分不同煤焦之間的反應性；熱天平試驗升溫速率對判斷結果沒有影響。
  14. This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

    本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。
  15. After measuring dark current, photocurrent and response to x pulse of gaas detector before and after 1. 7 mev electronic radiation, the response tune, fall time of trailing edge, full width of half maximum ( fwhm ), sensitivity, carrier life, mobility are researched and contrasted. the result shows that the response speed of detector, time resolution ratio and nonlinear of back edge of output signal have been improved greatly after electronic radiation. though sensitivity of the detector reduces, its measuring range can be widened

    為了使探測器的性能得到進一步的提高，我們對其進行了電子輻照改性，並測量了本徵砷化鎵探測器和經過1 . 7mev電子輻照的探測器的暗電流、光電流及對x射線的脈沖響應，並對其響應時間，后沿下降時間，半高寬（ fwhm ） ，載流子壽命，靈敏度進行對比，研究，結果顯示經電子輻照后的探測器的性能得到了改善，使響應速度，分辯率進一步提高，並消除了探測器輸出信號后沿的非線性，雖靈敏度有所降低，反而使其測量范圍得以拓寬。
  16. In chapter 2, we analyzed the effect of the driving field phase fluctuation on the gain and dispersion and population differences in an open v - type three - level non - inversion lasing system and then discussed the effects of the incoherent pumping rate, the ratio of the atomic injection rates, the atomic exit rate, the rabi frequency of the probe and driving fields and their corresponding detuning on the gain, dispersion and population differences of the system, and got some important conclusions different from those in closed or other open systems

    第二章討論了驅動場的相位漲落對開放的v型三能級無反轉激光系統的影響，根據解析解的數值計算結果討論了非相干泵浦速率、粒子注入速率之比、粒子退出速率、探測場和驅動場的rabi頻率和相應失諧對系統增益、色散和粒子數差的影響，得到了一些不同於封閉的v型系統及其他開放的無反轉激光系統的重要結論。
  17. The redox of v ( ) / v ( ), v ( ) / v ( ) couple on the graphite displayed one electron quasi - reversibility. it is proved that trace in3 +, sb3 + can inhibit cathodic hydrogen evolution during the charge process by increasing the hydro - gen overvoltage in addition that sb3 + is a stabilizing / kinetic enhancing ion. during the charge / discharge process, cross - mix and self - discharge rarely happened. the maximal energy density of the lab - level vanadium battery is 21 wh / kg. the capacity efficiency of the lab - level vanadium battery is as high as 94. 7 %

    釩電池充電末期，會發生水的電解反應，痕量銦離子的加入提高了析氫過電位，抑制了充電過程中負極氫氣的析出；銻離子的加入不僅可以抑制氫氣的析出，還提高了正極反應速率，增強了正極表面的穩定性。實驗中得到的最高質量比能量為21wh / kg ，充放電過程中僅有極少的交叉混合和自放電發生，自製釩電池的容量效率可高達94 . 7 %
  18. Through parallel experiments, the rules were studied more that the composition of electroless plating solution and reaction condition affected on the reaction of electroless cobalt plating of nano - sian4 with ultrasonic wave, such as " induction period ", the speed of reaction, appearance and morphology of composite powder, the component and phases of the plating et al

    通過對比實驗，分別就鍍液組分及其工藝參數對納米氮化硅化學鍍鈷反應孕育期、反應速度、復合粉末外觀、形貌，鍍層成份及相結構的影響規律進行了深入研究。孕育期是反映化學鍍液質量，影響化學鍍效率的重要參數。
  19. An apparent activation energy of 182. 35kj / mol was obtained for the range of 1250 c to 1350 c, and that of 82. 32kj / mol for the range of 1350 c to 1400 c. at the same time, the relation between reaction velocity and reaction time is linear in the range of 1250 c to 1350 c, but it is a parabola curve in the range of 1350 c to 1400 c. so it can be concluded that the process undergone in the range of 1250 c to 1350 c is controlled by chemical reaction while that in the range of 1350 c to 1400 c by diffusion

    本實驗採用的試樣是以鈦白粉和活性碳按1 ： 30的比例混合料為原料，在6mp下成型為37 . 2 26mm的柱形樣塊，分別在1250 、 1350和1400于氮化爐中測定反應速率與時間的關系。當反應在1250 1350時，表觀活化能為182 . 35kj mol 160kj mol ，反應速率與時間的關系是線性的，說明此階段反應由化學反應控制。當反應在1350 1400時，表觀活化能為82 . 32kj mol 160kj mol ，反應速率與時間的關系符合拋物線方程，說明此階段反應由擴散控制。
  20. Using nano lih and nano nah as reducers, in refluxing thf and under normal pressure, cinnamaldehyde were selectively reduced to cinnamyl alcohol with selectivities of 99 % at higher conversions. changing reaction temperature or the molar ratio between reactants and cinnamaldehyde can improve the selectivities and conversions. in addition, the sequence of the reactants is another factor to affect the selectivity and conversion in this reaction

    實驗還同時考察了溫度、 mh的比例、加樣順序等因素對選擇還原反應的影響：其中，溫度的升高能加快反應的速度並提高反應的轉化率和選擇性； mh比例的增大也能加快反應速度並提高反應的選擇性和轉化率；另一方面，改變加樣的先後順序會明顯改變反應的選擇性和轉化率。
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