比速率常數 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [bǐsùlǜchángshǔ]
比速率常數
英文
specific rate constant-
A comparison of termination rate constants and dielectric relaxation frequencies, both measured in dilute solution, is reported in tables 5. 1 and 5. 2.
終止速度常數和介電鬆弛頻率度對比示于表51和表52中，二者都是在稀溶液中測得的。A highly efficient numerical algorithm by using multi - grid method ( mgm ) is introduced to solve the three dimensional field distribution in the present paper. formulae of the restriction and prolongation in mgm computation is deduced, and a 3d program of mgm is accomplished, which can solve the field distributions in electron optical systems for various electrostatic lenses. the 3d field distribution in an electrostatic concentric spherical model is tested with mgm algorithm and an algorithm based on finite difference method ( fdm ) respectively. comparing these two results in view of computational efficiency and computational accuracy, it appears that mgm is superior to fdm in solving electrostatic field distribution for the electron optics problem. this paper shows that the 3d field computation using mgm greatly improves the computational efficiency of field distributions in electron optical systems and shortens the computational time
本文將一種高效率的數值計算方法? ?多重網格法引入三維靜電場分佈的計算，多重網格法利用限制和延拓可迅速求得滿足精度要求的場分佈.研究了求解各種靜電透鏡電子光學系統三維場分佈的多重網格法程序，驗算了靜電同心球模型的三維場分佈.通過與目前在場計算中常用的有限差分法進行比較，可以看出多重網格法的計算效率和計算精度優于有限差分法.本文表明利用多重網格法計算三維場大大提高了場分佈的計算效率，縮短了計算時間，因此為后續計算打下了良好的基礎The parabolic rate constant b is substantially larger for wet oxidation than for dry.
在濕氧氧化中拋物線速率常數B比干氧氧化中的大得多。Backed up by the soplat theory based on particle kinematics, the second chapter of this paper presents with analysis and simulation of several single observer passive measurement models, which uses such relative movement parameters as bearings changing rates and centrifugal acceleration information on the basis of bearings measurements. in the third chapter, the observability of location respectively using bearings and its changing rates information and centrifugal acceleration information is analyzed, and its observable condition is got. the fourth chapter puts forward the modified covariance extended kalman filtering ( mvekf ) against the defect of traditional extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), whose performance is simultaneously compared in the chapter with the performance of ususal tracking algorithm such as ekf, mgekf, iekf by computer simulation
在近年來提出的基於質點運動學原理的單站無源定位理論基礎上，本文第二章提出了幾種在角度測量的基礎上增加角度變化率及相對運動的離心加速度等運動學參數的單站無源測量模型，並對它們進行了分析和模擬；第三章分別對利用角度及其變化率信息定位和利用離心加速度信息定位的可觀測性進行分析並得到了相應的可觀測條件；第四章針對傳統擴展卡爾曼（ ekf ）方法的缺點，提出了一種修正協方差的擴展卡爾曼濾波（ mvefk ）方法，並將其和ekf 、 mgekf 、 iekf等常用的單站無源定位濾波方法進行了性能模擬比較；第五章通過引入雷達機動目標跟蹤方法和模型，提出了利用角度及其變化率對機動輻射源跟蹤的多級噪聲自適應方法和imm方法；第六章主要對角度變化率和離心加速度參數的獲取技術進行了研究，提出了幾種高精度測量脈沖序列多普勒頻率變化率的方法。The experiments showed that, as compared to the conventional dyeing, the diffusion coefficients increased more with raising the bath voltage and temperature, indicating the dye uptake rate could be improved with electro - chemical dyeing
實驗表明：當槽電壓和溫度增加時，擴散系數均比常規染色增加，說明電化學染色可以增加染料的上染速率。A new method to estimate doppler centroid and doppler rate applicable to real flight condition is proposed
該方法設置飛機速率和脈沖重復頻率比為常數，保證方位向接收信號均勻空間取樣，使用實時最小二乘擬合演算法。This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship of 10 seed vigor traits in 12 wheat genotypes through variance, co - variance and path coefficient analysis, to determine broad - sense heritability, and to estimate genetic advance under selection. the genotypes showed significant difference for all traits, except for percentage of normal seedling. genetic correlation between conversion efficiency of seed reserve, electrical conductivity with other traits were not significant, showed that selection for any of them might be possible without hampering any other traits. however path coefficient analysis indicated that conversion efficiency of seed reserve, seed reserve utilization ratio have strong direct effect in affecting seedling weight, and that mean germination time has significantly negatively correlated in affecting gi. moderate to high estimates of broad - sense heritability, genetic coefficient of variation and expected genetic advance were obtained for electrical conductivity, germination index, mean germination time, seed dry weigh, seedling dry weigh, seed reserve depletion ratio indicating the possibility for improving these traits
本研究利用12個普通小麥品種對10個種子活力性狀的遺傳變異和相關研究，表明除正常幼苗百分率外，其餘種子活力性狀在品種間均存在顯著的差異.種子貯藏物質轉換效率、電導率兩個性狀間及與其它性狀均無顯著的遺傳相關，因此對他們的選擇不會影響到其它性狀.通徑分析表明幼苗干重主要取決于種子貯藏物質轉換效率、種子貯藏物質利用速率;發芽指數主要由平均發芽時間決定.電導率、發芽勢、幼苗干重、種子干重、發芽指數、種子貯藏物質消耗比率6個性狀表現中到高的遺傳力、遺傳變異系數和相對遺傳進展，指明通過遺傳育種手段改良這些性狀是可能的( 2 ) on the leading edge, the film cooling effectiveness at the zone immediately downstream of the cooling holes is affected by blowing ratio and mainstream reynolds number, while the effects are not important in the downstream zone far from the cooling holes. ( 3 ) on the front half of pressure surface, the effectiveness increases with decreasing blowing ratio at the downstream near the cooling row and it is contrary at the downstream far from the cooling row. ( 4 ) on the rear pare of the pressure surface, the effectiveness decreases with increasing blowing ratio and does not vary so much downstream in the cases of higher blowing ratio
研究結果表明葉片吸力面端壁附近區域壓力系數分佈呈現出較強的三維特性，動葉吸力面尤其明顯；氣膜孔流量系數隨吹風比的增加而增大，在高吹風比情況下，流量系數逐漸趨于常數；在不同型面區域，冷卻效率分佈有較大的差異，而且吹風比與主流雷諾數的影響程度也不盡相同；低吹風比下，孔出口下游附近可以得到較好的冷卻，中、高吹風比下，冷氣射流在加速流動主流的作用下返回壁面進行二次冷卻，孔下游較遠區域可以得到較好的冷氣覆蓋。By film thickness measured, fourier transformed infrared spectrometer ( ftir ) analysis, x - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( xps ) analysis and relative irradiance measurement, the effect of microwave input powers on deposition rates, f / c ratios, bonding configurations of ct - c : f films and the radicals in plasma originating from source gases dissociation is analyzed
由於微波功率的改變會導致等離子體中電子溫度和等離子體密度發生變化，從而造成不同的源氣體分解過程，結果微波功率的升高導致了薄膜沉積速率的提高、 f / c比的降低，同時也導致薄膜中cf和cf _ 3基團密度的降低，而保持cf _ 2基團密度接近常數。Students should be able to compare and contrast the common types of communication links ( e. g. modem dialup or cable modem, leased line, broadband and wireless, etc. ) for internet access in terms of data transfer rate, cost, and reliability
5學生應能就數據傳送速率、成本及可靠程度等方面去比較及對比常用通訊連路種類，例如數據機撥接、電纜數據機、專線、寬帶及無線等。The parabolic rate constant b is substantially larger for wet oxidation than for dry
在濕氧氧化中拋物線速率常數b比干氧氧化中的大得多。This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。A comparison of termination rate constants and dielectric relaxation frequencies, both measured in dilute solution, is reported in tables 5. 1 and 5. 2
終止速度常數和介電鬆弛頻率度對比示于表5 1和表5 2中，二者都是在稀溶液中測得的。We have the following results through simulation and experiments : i ) turbulent structure constant of atmosphere decreases with altitude ; ii ) turbulence induced power scintillation decreases with the optical wavelength ; iii ) scintillation of space - to - ground optical propagation is smaller than that of horizontal optical propagation ; iv ) power scintillation of space - to - ground optical propagation increases with wavelength ; results above are accord with existent theory. what ' s more, the last result discovers a new rule
通過對數學模型和模擬結果的分析，得到以下結論： a ）大氣湍流結構常數隨海拔高度的增加而迅速減小； b ）由湍流引起的光功率閃爍與波長呈反比； c ）空-地激光通信的光功率閃爍小於地面水平傳輸的閃爍； d ）空-地激光通信的光功率閃爍與波長呈正比；上述結果與理論保持一致。The results showed that the mic was controlled by three factors ( the content of ag ~, the proportion of surface and the status of crystal ) at normal temperature with which matched m = amoexp ( - kc ~ 3. it also showed that when the ag ~ was on the powder ' s surface, the anti - bacterial capacity of power was controlled by the action of cell death. 4 ) the toxicological test the toxicological properties of the powders, which was prepared in different route, was tested
建立了抗菌粉體的抗菌機制：粉體的最小抑菌濃度由銀離子含量、粉體比表面積和二氧化鈦的結晶狀況三種因素控制，它們遵循m am _ 0exp （ - kc _ （ ag ） ）關系；當粉體表面的銀離子過量時，粉體的抗菌能力受細胞死亡反應控制，為一級反應，粉體的抗菌能力越強，細菌的死亡速率常數越小。Using commercial finite element software ansys, the numerical simulations of the forming processes of decorated rib and handle, which are key positions in the door outer are conducted and investigated the differences of vpf and tradition forming. by using numerical simulation that investigates the effects of viscous injection flow rate on plank ’ s vpf formability and based on those investigated four - aluminum alloy ’ s vpf. the die has been designed for the door outer ’ s viscous pressure forming
首先採用商用有限元分析軟體ansys對車門成形中的關鍵部位裝飾筋和把手的成形進行了數值模擬，對比分析了粘性介質壓力成形與剛性模成形的特點;分析了粘性介質壓力成形過程中，粘性介質的注入速率對成形試件壁厚分佈的影響，在此基礎上對四種常用的6000系列鋁合金板材的粘性介質壓力成形進行了有限元數值模擬。A new method of absolute calibration of photodetector sensitivity based on spontaneous parametric down - conversion ( spdc ) biphoton field is described. the process of spdc is studied theoretically. the single photon detection probability and two - photon coincidence probability are derived and the calibration principle for photodetectors is explained. an experimental system has been set up. the sensitivity of a photon - counting photomultiplier tube was measured, and the results were compared with those obtained using conventional method
討論了一種基於自發參量下轉換雙光子場絕對校準光電探測器靈敏度的新方法，著重推導了對自發參量下轉換過程中產生的單光子的探測概率和雙光子的符合速率，從而闡明了絕對測量光電探測器量子效率的原理.基於這一方法對光子計數型光電倍增管的響應靈敏度進行了測量，並將實驗結果與常規方法測得的結果進行了比較In addition, the comparisons of displacements, velocities, solid effective stresses and pressure, obtained respectively by nonlinear model and linear model, display that the differences of the results become more obvious as the increase of the applied load, which demonstrates that the non - linear dependence of permeability on volume strain of solid phase is important as the deformation is not too small, and therefore cannot be ignored
此外，將本論文給出的非線性計算模型得到的位移、速度、固體有效應力和壓力等與視滲透率為常數的線性模型的結果比較表明，載荷越大，兩種模型的計算結果差異越大。而當載荷很小時，兩模型的響應相差很小。說明在變形較大時，滲透率與固體相體積應變的依賴性不容忽視。And the performance of these algorithms is compared with each other. to simplify the sampling rate design and digital processing in receiver, we prefer to use the direct down conversion structure. the problem is the analog front - end in this structure will bring iq mismatch, which will effect the phase of recovered carrier and code
第三部分對接收機中的載噪比估計演算法進行了分析，目前gps導航接收機中採用的載噪比估計演算法對殘余多普勒非常敏感，而且gps中的數據速率為50bps ，北斗二代中的存在數據速率為500bps ，應用條件的差異導致該演算法的不可用。Abstract : the saturation behavior of stress current is studied. the three types of precursor sites for trap generation are also introduced by fitting method based on first order rate equation. a further investigation by statistics experiments shows that there are definite relationships among time constant of trap generation, the time - to - breakdown, and stress voltage. it also means that the time constant of trap generation can be used to predict oxide lifetime. this method is faster for tddb study compared with usual breakdown experiments
文摘:基於一階速率方程，討論了恆定電壓應力下應力電流的飽和行為.通過對應力電流的擬合，發現存在三類缺陷產生的前身.更進一步的統計實驗顯示，在缺陷產生時間常數、擊穿時間以及應力電壓之間存在著明確的關系.這意味著缺陷產生時間常數能夠被用於有效預測氧化層的壽命.與常規的氧化層擊穿實驗相比，基於缺陷產生時間常數的預測更快、更有效分享友人