民主制度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [mínzhǔzhìdù]
民主制度
英文
democratic system-
Continent law department have the value of collateral appeal system and this kind of system, generally in civil lawsuit system lies in mainly to protect the appellee who appeal expect have been full, gives up appeal right or appeal had been rejected, lets him use the appeal program that the appellor has lodged, by the collateral appeal to change or discard the sentence of trial so to realizes both parties equal in attack and defence
大陸法系民事訴訟制度中，普遍存在著附帶上訴制度，這種制度的價值主要在於保護上訴期已滿、舍棄上訴權或上訴被駁回的被上訴人的利益，讓其利用上訴人的上訴程序，依附帶上訴的方式請求變更或廢棄一審判決，從而實現當事人雙方的攻防平等。Did democracy have its beginnings in athens ?
民主制度是創始於雅典嗎？It is reasonable to suppose, however, that in a democratic and capitalistic system tension between government and business will arise.
但我們有理由假定，在民主和資本主義制度中，政府與工商業之間會有緊張出現。The oppressed people under capitalism live in a world far other from ours.
資本主義制度下的被壓迫人民生活在一個和我們截然不同的世界里。For the especial political regime in our nation avianizes the rural fiscal system of inward function, which induce phenomena as follows, during producing or providing public products as the deputy of rural residents ( mostly, peasantry ), whose are the village and town governments and their superior governments ( from the clientage aspect ). not only the substitutive costs from the village and town governments represent their revenue and expenditure, and that from superior governments transfer to it by the stimulant mode of them and their superior governments, but also the governments show the substitutive costs from their superior governments transferring as the form of the rural expenditure, which will increase their revenue and expenditure. it is village and town indebtedness of inherent mechanism
由於我國特殊的政治體制弱化了農村財政體制應有的功能，致使作為鄉鎮居民（主要為農民）代理人的鄉鎮政府及上級政府（從委託? ?代理關系的角度看）在生產或提供農村公共品時會產生以下現象：不僅鄉鎮政府產生的代理成本表現為鄉鎮支出，上級政府產生的代理成本會通過上級政府與鄉鎮政府激勵相容的方式而層層轉嫁給鄉鎮政府，而且鄉鎮政府有著將上級政府所轉嫁的代理成本進一步以鄉鎮支出的形式表現出來的激勵，從而加大了鄉鎮支出，這是鄉鎮負債產生的內在機理。According to the differences in institutional financing and running, this article classifies the establishment and development of school operating in china into five models : founded by tuition and operated by private person, founded by enterprise and operated by educational chain, state - round school privatization, state - round school concessive running, operation by educational stock system. it analyses the establishment social background, existence rationale, main characteristics, encountering development problems, and future development of the five models. even though different models have different background, institutional predominance and limits, they all indicate their ability to effectively accommodate to and utilize market mechanism to promote the efficiency and benefit of school operating.
本文根據學校資金投入和管理方式的不同，將我國學校經營大致劃分為五種主要模式：即以私人籌資、以學養學為特徵的民辦學校滾動經營模式；以集團投資、以產養學為特徵的民辦學校連鎖經營模式；以公民合作、優勢互補為特徵的公立學校轉制經營模式；以校產國有、個人承辦為特徵的公立學校特許經營模式以及以股份籌資、專家治理為特徵的學校教育股份制經營模式，並對每種模式產生的社會背景、制度優勢和面臨的主要問題及發展前景進行了具體分析。It reveals the democratic constitution of the gens.
這一點反映了氏族的民主制度。The administrative action of public interest is a system which regards the delict of the citizen, public interest groups and the particular national organization ( procuratorial organization ) as voilation of national and social public interest, according to law but bring up to court the administration litigation
行政公益訴訟是指公民、公益性團體或者特定的國家機關（檢察機關）認為行政主體的違法行為侵犯國家、社會公共利益，根據法律授權而向法院提起行政訴訟的制度。Dewey set out to fulfill the american dream of a public school system that was the chief training ground for democracy.
杜威著手實現美國公共學校制的理想，這種制度是民主政治的主要訓練基地。Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。From the perspectives of institutional change, the dissertation classifies the whole enlargement process into three distinct stages, evolving from an initial government - dominated initiative close - up stage to a parliament - dominated compulsory close - up stage and finally to a populace - dominated ideological close - up stage. it also probes into the ways in which eu wield both incentive " carrots " and punitive " sticks " " to promote the europeanization transformation of the ceecs " domestic institutions, as well as the approaches used by the ceecs to participate in shaping future eu institutions and to promote institutional interactions
本文從制度變遷的角度將歐盟東擴歷程劃分為「主動靠攏?政府主導階段」 、 「強制靠攏?議會主導階段」和「觀念靠攏?民眾主導階段」 ，並分析了歐盟交替使用激勵政策與制約手段雙管齊下推動中東歐國內制度歐洲化轉軌、中東歐新成員國利用入盟契機參與歐盟未來制度重構、促成制度互動的規律及特點。To solve the problems of right remedies and safeguarding the procedural rights in civil proceedings in the event of the absence of one party, western countries has developed the mode of system of trial by default represented through two typical modes of doctrine of trial by default and doctrine of ex parte debate
缺席審判是指法院在一方當事人缺席時所為的審判。為解決民事訴訟中一方當事人缺席時的權利救濟和程序權利保障問題，西方國家形成了缺席判決主義與一方辯論主義兩種代表性的缺席審判制度模式。On the basis of reviewing history and comparative study, this paper examines the system of trial by default in our country ; at the same time using foreign experiences for reference, combines the specific situations in our judicial practice, then raises a tentative idea to reconstruct the system of trial by default in our country : to build a system of trial by default making the doctrine of ex parte debate as main part and doctrine of trial by default as supplement part ; at the same time to perfect the legislative stipulations on standards of default determination, procedural applications and remedies of trial by ex parte debate and trial by default, examinations of evidence in trial by default, in pursuit of forming an intact system structure, giving full play to the functions of system of trial by default and fulfilling the value target of civil proceedings
因此，加強對我國缺席審判制度的研究，具有重要的理論和實踐價值。本文在歷史回顧和比較研究的基礎上，對我國的缺席審判制度進行了審視；同時借鑒國外的經驗，並結合我國司法實踐的具體情況，提出了重構我國缺席審判制度的設想：建立一種以一方辯論主義為主體，缺席判決主義為補充的缺席審判制度；同時完善缺席的認定標準、一方辯論判決與缺席判決程序的適用與救濟、缺席審判中的證據審查等方面的立法規定，以形成一個完整的制度體系，充分發揮缺席審判制度的功能，實現民事訴訟的價值目標。Maybe democracy isn't for the industrial age.
也許民主制度不適應這個工業化時代。We believe that our democratic system institutionalizes those values.
我們認為，我們的民主制度已使這些價值標準得以制度化。It was democracy in action.
那真是民主制度在發揮作用。It gave him a rather appalling look at the way democracy responded to crisis.
這使他頗為吃驚地看到民主制度對于危機的反應方式。What he wanted was a fresh analysis of the conceptions of history and the future implicit in the democratic position.
他想要的是對歷史觀念和民主制度的未來進行一次新的分析。This film goes behind the rumours and screeching tabloid headlines to paint a vivid picture of an enigmatic young prince and his changing role
這位平民化的王子，曾說過不求登上王位，英國人民卻期望，由他取替其父親查理斯王子登基，挽救整個英國正沒落的君主制度。The story of her majestys championship of the rural poor and her patronage and promotion of traditional handicrafts dates back virtually to the beginning of the reign, and underscores the essential concept of monarchy as interpreted and practiced by his majesty king bhumibol adulyadej and queen sirikit
王后對貧苦農民的幫助以及對傳統手工藝的支持和宣傳，早在國王即位的時候就開始了，而這也是國王陛下和王後殿下對君主制度基本政治觀點的具體實踐。分享友人