水準原點 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shuǐzhǔnyuándiǎn]
水準原點 英文
basic levelling origin
  • 水 : 名詞1 （由兩個氫原子和一個氧原子結合而成的液體） water 2 （河流） river 3 （指江、河、湖、海、洋...
  • 準 : Ⅰ名詞1 （標準） standard; guideline; criterion; norm 2 （目標） aim; target Ⅱ動詞1 （依據; 依照）...
  • 原 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （最初的; 原來的） primary; original; former 2 （沒有加工的） unprocessed; raw Ⅱ動詞（原...
  • 點 : Ⅰ名詞1 （液體的小滴） drop （of liquid） 2 （細小的痕跡） spot; dot; speck 3 （漢字的筆畫「、」）...
  • 水準 : standard; level
  1. Primary bench mark

    水準原點
  2. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  3. The worldwide corporate governance movement that the 90 ' s of 20 centuries appear, through 10 years " development, have entered for mature stage, the focus of corporate governance movement changes gradually from the establishment of the corporate governance principle to the practic, namely how an individual listed company establishes corporate governance strategy according to the corporate governance principle, increasing the level of corporate governance, and how the investors decide their investment based on corporate governance. at the end of 90 ' s, standard & poor ' s, clsa, deminor etc. starts to release their corporate governance rating service at the emerging market and the developed market

    20世紀90年代出現的全球范圍內的公司治理運動，經過10年的發展，已經進入成熟階段，公司治理運動的焦點逐漸由宏觀層面治理原則的制定轉向微觀實踐，即單個上市公司如何根據公司治理原則制定公司治理戰略，提高公司治理水平，以及投資者如何基於公司治理進行投資決策。相應地，作為公司治理量化指標的公司治理評級在90年代末開始逐步發展起來。 90年代末21世紀初，標準普爾、里昂信貸、戴米諾等評級機構開始在新興和發達市場推出公司治理評級服務。
  4. It is based on the above reasons, the leading system of flood, windstorm, drought control and the construction of water conservancy information engineering and the principle of theory and practicality are combined. based on the continuous development the following contents are researched in this paper : 1. the flood occurred law on major rivers and flood problems and flood control measure

    正是基於這種考慮，本論文結合廣州市三防指揮系統工程和廣州市水利信息化工程的建設，本著理論性與實用性相結合的原則，從可持續發展的角度，重點研究以下內容： 1 、廣州市主要河流洪水發生的規律及存在問題與防洪措施； 2 、廣州市現有防洪措施的防洪標準與可靠性； 3 、洪水預報與調度系統的方法與技術路線； 4 、現代防洪管理。
  5. The train of thought is : on the basis of the different factors and importance which effect the land use intensive level, economic benefit and environmental benefit, it determines the evaluation index system and the weight value. based on the standardized firsthand data, it defines weighted sum to found a composite index. thus arranging the composite index in mathematical order, it fixes quantitatively the land use intensive level, economic benefit and environmental benefit to demonstrate quantity, structure, scale, benefit and distribution on land use in small - towns of chongqing

    其評價思路為:根據影響小城鎮土地集約利用水平、土地利用經濟效益、環境效益的各因子及其重要程度的不同，確定評價指標體系及指標權重，在對原始數據標準化的基礎上，按照指標權重，將各指標值加權求和，得到小城鎮土地集約利用、土地利用經濟效益、環境效益的綜合指數，按綜合指數從大到小的順序對各評價單元進行排序，定量地確定小城鎮土地集約利用水平、土地利用經濟效益、環境效益，從而找出重慶市小城鎮土地利用的數量、結構、規模、效益特徵及布局特點，根據小城鎮土地利用與區域社會經濟發展的互動關系，分析存在的問題及原因，為小城鎮土地利用優化配置、小城鎮建設用地指標管理提供借鑒。
  6. According to the principles of " positive and steady, scientific programming and rational layout ", the cpc municipal committee and municipal government have programmed the city from a high starting point, constructed the city according to a high standard, administered the city at a high level, managed the city with a high efficiency, made the city green with a high quality made a total investment of nearly 2billion yuan, completed a large group of infrastructures and greening and beautifying projects in succession, made the size of constructed downtown area increased from less than 6square kilometers to 132squme kilometers, completed greenbelts with an area of 316hectares, made green percentage of coverage up t032 %, per capita public greenbelt area up to 10. 72 square meters, initially formed a garden - style ecologieal city with " trees shadowing the street, soft green grass carpeting the ground, greening all the year round, blossoming out in 3seasons ", gained honors and titles of " state - level excellent city in urban environment comprehensive renovation ", " provincial - level landscape garden city ", " award of residential environment of henan "

    市委、市政府按照"積極穩妥、科學規劃、合理布局"的原則，高起點規劃城市，高標準建設城市，高水平管理城市，高效益經營城市，高品位綠化城市，共計投資近20億元，相繼完成了一大批基礎設施和綠化美化工程，建成區面積由原來的不足6平方千米，擴大到132平方千米，市區擁有綠地316 :公頃，綠化覆蓋率達32 % ，人均公共綠地面積10 . 72平方米，一個"綠樹成蔭、芳草遍地、翠點四時、花開三季"的園林化生態城市已具雛形，榮獲"全國城市環境綜合整治優秀城市" 、 "省級園林城市" 、 "河南人居環境獎"等榮譽稱號。
  7. The construction goal of beijing biological project and medicine industry base : focusing on the construction of industry infrastructures and technology innovation, taking the “ four high ” - “ high starting plan and fixing position, high standard design and construction, high level plan and operation, high efficiency management and service ” as the guiding principles, we will construct this base into the internationally first - grade modern biological project and medicine industry base integrating research and development, enterprise incubation, production and manufacture

    北京生物與醫藥產業基地的建設目標為：以產業配套和技術創新能力建設為核心，以「高起點規劃與定位，高標準設計與建設，高水平謀劃與運作，高效率管理與服務」的「四高」要求為總體原則，將園區建設成為集研究開發、企業孵化、生產製造功能為一體的、國際一流的現代化生物工程與醫藥產業基地。
  8. Principle of each method is expounded, emphasizing particularly on applying of these methods. making use of these methods, the data can be got. applying these information, it can be understood that the distribution of remaining oil and contradiction between oil and water in reservoir

    其中較為詳細的闡述了各種方法的原理及應用側重點，為摸清單井及區域油藏剩餘油分佈、分析認識層間層內的油水矛盾提供了準確依據。
  9. The damming caused by a bridge pier is one of the aspects considered intentionly while building a bridge on a river which flood control standard is low and flood control cost is high so the study of damming is of important value

    橋墩壅水是在防洪標準低、防洪費用高的平原河道上修建橋梁時必須重點考慮的問題之一，其研究具有重要價值。
  10. Thirdly, it is supported by java technology. java language is not only a right programming language to build agent, but also it has some characters such as architecture neutral and higher safety, running java applet, program can increase the functions of the client, lighten the burden on the server, as well as can operate the client contents according to the privilege assigned, and in order to increase the safety of system. finally, in the thesis, by using the knowledge related probability and statistics, author puts forward a kind of method which can make the grade mark quantifying, and with this method, the problem which is how to get an accurate evaluation for the subjective test questions that learners answer in exam, is solved primely

    本文針對以上缺點，提出基於agent的個性化遠程教學系統，本系統中引入分散式人工智慧（ dai ）領域中的agent技術，在系統中構造一個學習者agent ，它隨時跟蹤學習者的學習過程，記錄其興趣、愛好等個性特徵，並適時地調整對其採用的教學策略，有效地解決了目前的系統智能性較低的缺點；其次，本系統採用xml技術來組織教學內容，改變了html中內容和形式捆綁在一起的缺點，使得內容和形式相分離，從而可以為太原理工大學碩士學位論文不同認知水平的學習者提供不同的教學內容，增強了交互功能;另外，本系統採用java技術， java語言不僅適合作為agent的開發語言，而且java語言具有平臺無關和安全性高的特點，通過運行javaapplet來增強客戶端的功能，減輕服務器端負擔，並且這些appiet根據客戶賦予的權限對客戶端內容進行操作，增加了安全性;最後，本文運用概率論與數理統計學中方法，提出一種把等級成績數量化的方法，很好地解決了對學習者考試中主觀題的準確評價問題，為實現個性化教學提供了一個較準確的依據。
  11. This thesis takes the process of the futures delivery as the object of the research, analyzes and investigates the physical delivery system. firstly the thesis introduces the connotation, status and functions of the futures delivery in the futures market, and then makes a deep research in the futures delivery systems concerned such as the designing of the grade of the listed commodity at par as well as the premium and discount, the selection of the delivery locations and the regulation on the designated delivery warehouses, as well as the management and circulation of the warehouse receipts. on the basis of the above - mentioned analysis, this paper makes some constructive suggestions and recommendations on the improvement and innovation of the futures delivery to be taken by the chinese futures market at the present stage

    本文首先闡明了期貨交割在期貨市場中的經濟內涵、樞紐地位和功能保障作用；然後，從合約設計出發，用均衡原理揭示了期貨交割制度與品種活躍和風險控制的有機關系；進而，對比中外交割制度，通過比較，認清了中外現貨基礎、誠信和法制等環境因素的差距，明白了「拿來」的內容和如何構建中國特色的交割制度；從而，就小麥國家標準的歷史局限性，標準和替代交割品級及其升貼水的設計原則，交割標準把握的出發點和落腳點，交割倉庫設置和管理的目標和狀況，標準倉單沾滯的根源等期貨市場交割制度及相關規定，進行了深入而細致的剖析。
  12. With the retrospection of the developing course of the bored pile foundation and combining with my practical experience, the paper expatiates upon the design principle of percent of fit of the stone - fill grouted concrete and the main factors of the influence strength target, and the final pile technique introduction of the hollow pile of the stone - fill grouted concrete and the precast prestressed concrete ; baesd on the theory of slurry hydraulics, empirical calculation formulas of the radis and height of diffuse slurry are deduced in this paper ; it analyzes the test pile materials of the hollow pile foundation, such as luoyang yi river bridge and dangwang jian river bridge ; the new technique of the hollow pile, which provides the generalization and application with base materials, expounds its feasibilities, adaptabilities and economy

    本文通過綜合分析國內外鉆孔樁基礎的發展歷程及研究現狀，重點討論了填石壓漿混凝土空心樁、預制預應力混凝土空心樁的成樁工藝、填石壓漿混凝土的配合比設計原理及影響強度指標的主要因素；根據泥漿水力學原理，導得了考慮各種因素的水泥漿液在預填骨料中的流動影響半徑和上升高度；結合河南省洛陽伊河大橋、黨灣澗河大橋工程實踐，討論了填石壓漿混凝土空心樁基礎的質量檢測方法及標準；並在此基礎上，深入分析了樁側、樁端承載能力，提出了填石壓漿混凝土空心樁的設計計算理論和方法。最後，論證了空心樁新工藝的可行性、適應性、經濟性，為大力推廣應用空心樁新技術提供了可靠的技術資料。
  13. Epdm coiled waterproof rubber material is the well - known coild waterproof material in the world. our processing line was introduced from japan, which involves technology of cool - feeding injection, multi - drum and continuous - vulcanization. we use the high - grade raw materials or assistant materials that were purchased at home and abroad. our products strictly comply with thestandard of gb18173. 1 - 2000. the productsfunctions include : resistant to ozone, good durability, resistant to corrosioe, excellent stretching resistance as well as long service life ( 30 - 50years ), cool - construction and easy to install

    三元乙丙橡膠防水卷材是當今世界上公認的高檔防水材料，我公司採用引進日本的冷喂料、擠出多鼓式連續硫化生產線，先用進口和國內優質原輔材料，嚴格執行國際gb18173 . 1 - 2000標準進行生產，該產品具有極優的耐臭氧老化、耐天候老化、耐化學腐蝕、高彈性、高強度、高延伸性和耐高低溫性能、使用壽命30 - 50年、冷施工、維修方便等特點。
  14. The compact algorithms for heat release from floor, indoor thermal environment, control characteristic and energy efficiency of room with imbed pipe floor heating system were studied in this dissertation. the heat release from floor is key nodes in designing of imbed pipe floor heating systems. the existing plate fine model is corrected to improving its accuracy by amending the temperature of fine root

    文中對原有的平面肋片簡化演算法採用了肋基溫度修正，提高了其計算準確度；根據埋管低溫熱水輻射地板結構特點，利用地板導熱形狀因子計算地板當量熱阻，首次提出了更為簡便的當量熱阻演算法，該演算法將影響地板傳熱的物性參數和各種結構參數歸結到當量熱阻中，方便於工程分析和計算。
  15. The paper selected changtan reservoir in guangdong province as case study site, investigated the impacts of 4 upstream reservoirs on changtan reservoir ' s design inflow floods and explored changtan reservoir ' s flood - protection standards, regulating rules and potential for integrated water resources utilization after newly - constructed upstream reservoirs being taken into account

    論文以廣東省長潭水庫為研究對象，闡述了受人類活動影響的水庫設計洪水調度研究方法，研究了水庫在其上游修建了若干個中小水庫以後，其設計洪水調度所受的影響程度，分析比較了研究結果，探討了水庫在考慮上游多個水庫影響下的防洪標準、調度原則及水資源綜合利用特點。
  16. The paper introduces the optimal design of the second grade level net in fuoshan, expounds the evaluating method on accuracy for different net pattern based on the principle of indirect balancing and the computing function of the excel matrix, and selects a pattern which meets the needs of national norm for net form, the density of point, accuracy and reliability

    摘要本文介紹了佛山市二等水準網項目的優化設計，重點闡述了根據間接平差原理對不同的布網方案，利用excel的矩陣計算功能實現精度評估的方法，評選出一套從網形、點位密度、精度、可靠性等方面都符合國家規范和佛山特點的方案，以供參考。
  17. Abstract : this paper introduces the application technique of polyvinyl chloride to proof water on floor in winter ( low temperature ), including pre - application preparation and treatment to the substrate, technical property requirement on raw material at low temperature, temperature control requirements in the application process, application method for joints at roof members and technical parameters for material mixing

    文摘:介紹冬期（低溫）屋面防水施工中聚氯乙烯、膠泥的應用技術，包括：施工前的準備和對屋面防水層基層的處理，對原材料在低溫條件下的技術性能要求，操作過程中溫度控制的要求，屋面結構結點處理方法以及材料配合的技術參數。
  18. A traditional printing and dyeing wastewater treatment process was improved. added the fe - c tank and coagulation tank, the aeration tank was changed into a contact oxidation tank, in which the diffent function of micro - bacteria was formed along the vertical of aerations. the removal ratios of cod 、 ss 、 bod5and chromaticity were increased by 19. 7 % 、 14. 5 % 、 9. 3 % and 18. 6 % respectively, which reached the national discharge standards

    根據某廠印染廢水的特點，在原有處理工藝的基礎上進行了改造，在池內形成了合理的微生物分佈，大大改善了出水水質，使cod 、 ss 、 bod5和色度的去除率分別提高了17 . 1 % 、 14 . 4 % 、 9 . 2 % 、 19 . 5 % ，達到了廢水排放標準的要求。
  19. This paper presents a principle and method for building up the mathematical models of the quasi - geoid with high resolution and high accuracy by gps leveling in binjiang, hangzhou

    摘要介紹了通過布設足夠密度且分佈均勻的gps水準聯測點，建立杭州濱江區高精度、高解析度的似大地水準面數學模型的原理和方法。
  20. Before embedding of the foundation and embedment parts, technical clarificaiton will be don by the engineer in charge and the working group on the basis of design drawing 、 installation documentation 、 design amendment notification and supervision nofification 、 the principle of no impeded the progress schedule 、 the requirement of the relevant regulations and specification, setting out the embedment locaiton applied by the theodolite 、 water level and tape after that carrying on the embedment process and the record will be well kept

    以設計圖紙、設備安裝資料及設計修改通知單和監理通知單為依據，按規程規范的要求，以不影響工程進度為原則，由主管工程師對施工班組進行技術交底，利用經緯儀、水準儀和捲尺等測量工具放點定位進行基礎及預埋件預埋並做好預埋記錄。
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