汽壓常數 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [qìyāchángshǔ]
汽壓常數
英文
vapour pressure constant-
In chapter 2, the meteorological knowledge, data and the methods of the data processing, related to the study on the atmospheric loads, are simply presented. the model for the perfect gas constant, describes by the relative moisture, is developed. the influences of the variation in the vapor component in the atmosphere on the perfect gas constant are evaluated by using the changing characteristics of the temperature on the surface, its spatial gradient and the barometric pressure
第二章：簡要介紹大氣負荷研究所需的氣象科學知識、資料及其數據處理方法；建立相對濕度表示的大氣比氣體常數模型，利用地面溫度和空間垂直溫度梯度、壓力變化的規律估算大氣水汽組分變化對比氣體常數的影響；對中國及鄰區的地面氣壓記錄進行了預處理和網格化This paper referred to the massive domestic and foreign technical material, elaborated in the sheet forming value simulation theory essential technology in detail, points out when analysis sheet forming question should use the big distortion ball plasticity fem and introduce the application characteristic and the function summarizes of the sheet forming simulation software dynaform. secondly, analyzed the cover forming characteristic, simultaneously introduced the influence cover forming factor in detail : such as ramming direction, the craft addendum surface and the material pressing surface, the radius of convex - concave mold, draw bead, pressure strength, blank size and craft margin and so on. and simulates many typical automobiles cover panel with software : such lateral board, back taillight pedestal and storage cover
其次，分析了覆蓋件成形的特點和要求，同時詳細介紹了影響覆蓋件成形的因素如沖壓方向、工藝補充面和壓料面、凸凹模圓角、拉延筋、壓邊力、坯料尺寸和工藝切口等，並用數值模擬軟體對多個典型的汽車覆蓋件汽車后側圍板、后燈座以及轎車后備箱蓋的沖壓成形情況進行模擬，用模擬結果優化拉延工藝方案，比較了內覆蓋件和外覆蓋件在成形特點和要求的一些異同點，以及常見的起皺、拉裂和回彈、成形不足等缺陷的產生機理和相應對策，重點介紹工藝補充面和壓料面的設計及優化方法，因為拉延是沖壓工藝的關鍵工序，而工藝補充面和壓料面的設計是拉延工序的關鍵，對消除缺陷至關重要。Indeed, atmospheric distillation may be terminated with a lower boiling fraction ( “ cut ” ) if it is thought that vacuum or steam distillation will yield a better quality product or if the process appears to be economically more favorable
但是，經過蒸餾處理的大多數原油，包括比重較大、粘度更大的原油，一般都分離為較輕組分（氣、汽油、粗汽油、煤油和粗柴油）和殘渣，或者更多稱作常壓重油。Bed temperature and mainstream pressure are important parameter of circulating fluidized bed boiler ( cfbb ) combustion control system. to maintain them normal is key to the stable and economic operation of cfbb
床溫和主汽壓是循環流化床鍋爐燃燒控制系統中的兩個重要參數，維持正常的床溫和主汽壓是循環流化床鍋爐穩定、經濟運行的關鍵。The results indicate that the qualitative behavior in this process is similar to that observed in condensation of vapor at or above atmosphere pressure, the coefficient of heat transfer for condensation in tube, the coefficient of heat transfer in total increase with the increasing of heat flux density and vapor pressure. however, heat flux density and vapor pressure have a more significant effect on them
發現水平管內低壓蒸汽冷凝過程與常壓條件下蒸汽冷凝過程相同，管內冷凝傳熱膜系數、總傳熱系數隨熱流密度、蒸汽壓力的增大而增大，但熱流密度、蒸汽壓力對低壓蒸汽冷凝有著更為顯著的影響，管外冷卻水流量對其影響並不明顯。The stability of electric power system has been being focused for a long time toprevent a power system from losing synchronism after sudden fault ， researchers have done much work and got many accomplishments this paper applied the direct feedback linearization ( dfl ) technique on the power system ， a strong nonlinear system simulation results by matlab proved this method efficiency main works and results are as follows ： this paper compared some existing methods in excitation control ， fast valve control and coordinated control respectively, analyzed the developments and actuality of nonlinear control research in brief, illustrated why ransient stability could be greatly improved by using the fast valve control in chapter 3 ， indicated the importance of coordinated control farther this paper introduced the inverse system theory, based on which ， discussed the dfl theory, pointed out which had consistency with the inverse theory, expanded the dfl theory combined the idiographic model equations ， made which adapt to the model of a single machine - infinite bus power system this paper referenced abundance articles and educed a set of equations ， which could describe the dynamical process of excitation and fast valve control for synchronous generators in the equations ， there were several very important parameters of power system - - rotor angle ( ) ， rotor speed ( ) ， generator q axis voltage ( eq ) ， transient voltage ( e ' q ) ， active power ( pe ) ， mechanical input power ( pm ) ， valve opening ( ) ， generator terminal voltage ( vt ) ， based on the model ， nonlinear coordinated controller and terminal voltage optimal controller have been designed by using the expanded dfl theory and lq optimal control theory the simulation results showed that the controller could keep power system transiently stable under the effects of a symmetrical 3 - phase short circuit fault ， which achieved better postfault regulation compared with another two routine methods ， one is the proportion excitation controller and proportion fast valve controller, the other is the proportion excitation controller and the optimal fast valve controller, which could exert good performance when met 1ittle disturbance either
在介紹逆系統理論的基礎上，詳細介紹了dfl理論，通過比較闡明了dfl理論其本質是逆系統方法的一類，並結合具體課題推導出的模型方程將dfl理論進行了擴展，使之適應于電力系統這個強非線性對象。通過參考大量的書籍文獻推導出一套實用的可將大型汽輪發電機勵磁與汽門綜合起來進行控制的模型方程，此模型方程涵蓋了電力系統中特別引人注目的幾個量- -轉子角、轉子轉速、發電機q軸電勢eq 、暫態電勢e ' q 、有功功率pe 、機械功率pm 、汽門開度、機端電壓vt ，在此基礎上建立了實用的電力系統簡化的數學模型，並將擴展的dfl理論應用於此模型系統，結合線性二次型最優控制理論設計出大型汽輪發電機的非線性綜合控制器及機端電壓最優控制器，通過模擬實驗與採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁控制器+汽門比例控制及採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁調節器和基於二次型性能指標設計的最優快控汽門（考慮發電機的飽和因素）進行了對比，證實了採用此種控制器可以有效地提高電力系統的暫態穩定性，並且在電力系統遭受小干擾時同樣具有良好的調節性能。This paper studies the spatial distrihution of water vapor press in the mountain areas of chongqing, with the month average data of water vapor press of climatic reorganized data including 34 meteorological observing stations in chongqing and 4 around it from 1971 to 2000 and 7 meteorological sentries in it from 1997 to 1999, and 100mx 100m dem of chongqing. according to the theory of mountain climate and basing on gis, it analysises the influencing factors to water vapor press decreasing coefficients in chongqing, and studies the relations among water vapor press longitude latitude and sea level elevation, and founds the water vapor press spatial distribution model in chongqing, and calculates the spatial distribution of the month average and the year average water vapor press in chongqing, and completes the cartographies of the water vapor press spatial distribution of chongqing
本文利用重慶地區34個及其周圍4個常規氣象觀測站1971 2000年30年和7個氣象哨1997 1999年3年氣候整編的月平均水汽壓資料，以及重慶地區100m 100mdem數據，對重慶地區山地水汽壓空間分佈進行研究根據山地氣候學原理，利用gis技術，分析重慶地區水汽壓遞減系數的影響因子，研究水汽壓與經度緯度和海拔高度等因子的關系，建立重慶地區水汽壓空間分佈模型，計算重慶市月平均和年平均水汽壓空間分佈，並完成重慶市水汽壓空間分佈的制圖。Using the summer rainfall data from twenty - six observatories in shandong province from 1961 to 2001, the subtropical high index data from 1961 to 2002 and the monthly mean reanalysis data of wind, moisture, height and olr of ncep / ncar from 1958 to 1998, the characteristics of abnormal circulation in the northern hemisphere, the abnormal strength and location of subtropical high, the abnormal strength of monsoon and water vapor transport over the areas of east asian were studied
利用山東26個代表站1961 2001年夏季降水、 1961 2001年副高特徵指數以及1958 1998年ncep ncar再分析月平均風場、高度場、比濕、 olr等資料，對山東夏季發生旱澇的北半球大氣環流、副熱帶高壓、東亞夏季風以及季風區水汽輸送等異常特徵進行了合成對比分析。對山東夏季旱澇形成的原因，從季風區水汽輸送和出現降水異常的物理機制等方面進行了較深入的研究。However, the majority of crude oils, and this applies to the heavier, more viscous petroleums, which are processed by distillation, are usually separated into the lighter fractions ( gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, and gas oil ) and the bottom or, as it is more generally called, the reduced crude
但是，經過蒸餾處理的大多數原油，包括比重較大、粘度更大的原油，一般都分離為較輕組分（氣、汽油、粗汽油、煤油和粗柴油）和殘渣，或者更多稱作常壓重油。The authors first apply basic theory of equivalent heat drop on the common circulation heat calculating model for thermal system in supercritical pressure power unit with second reheat cycles and other kind of condensing steam turbine by mathematical derivation strictly, based on the normal energy balance and theory of equivalent heat drop, aiming at characteristics of thermal system in which there are outer steam coolers that high pressure heater and low pressure heater carry
摘要以常規熱平衡方法和等效熱降理論為基礎，針對二次再熱超臨界機組熱力系統高低壓加熱器均設置外置式蒸汽冷卻器的特點，經過嚴格的數學推導，將等效熱降理論應用於二次再熱超臨界機組熱力系統循環吸熱量計算的研究，並提出了適用於不同類型凝汽式機組的通用數學計算模型。There will be a hot water layer in the water of cmt when vapour spews to uppercooling water surface vertically and coagulates directly. the higher of the vapour pressure of prz and the initial water temperature of cmt are, the deeper the hot water layer is. and obtaining the experience formula of the hot water layer is as follows : the condensation coefficient is high when vapour coagulate at first, then it will lessen with the process of coagulation, the higher of the vapour pressure of prz and the initial water temperature of cmt are, the higher of condensation coefficient is
蒸汽垂直噴入過冷水表面凝結時， cmt中水有明顯熱分層現象， prz中飽和蒸汽壓力越高， cmt中水初始溫度越高，熱分層厚度越大，熱分層厚度的經驗關聯式為：凝結剛開始時，凝結換熱系數非常大， ，隨著凝結的進行，凝結換熱系數越來越小， prz中飽和蒸汽壓力越高， cmt中水初始溫度越高，凝結換熱系數越大。The information includes four types : six analog signals, such as oil quantity, voltage, oil pressure, water temperature, inside and outside temperature ; switching signals, such as the door, window, etc. ; impulse signals, such as car speed, and the rotate speed of engine
研究了汽車在行駛過程中各狀態參量的數據採集。主要包括四類:油量、油壓、電壓、水溫、車內溫度和車外溫度等6路模擬量，全部車燈的故障檢測量，車門、車燈、空調開關等車上常用開關量，車速、發動機轉速等。The mountain water vapor press decreases as a e index with the increasing of sea level elevation ; the constant item and the once items of longitude and latitude are important to the spatial distribution of water vapor press ; the twice items of longitude and latitude are less important to the spatial distribution of water vapor press
山區水汽壓隨著海拔高度的增加呈e指數減小；經度和緯度的常數項和一次項對水汽壓空間分佈的影響比較大，經度和緯度的二次項對水汽壓空間分佈的影響比較小。For an ev drive system, the variation of rotor time constant will bring on variation of torque and exorbitant line voltage even the field orientation may be destroyed. the varied torque will affect ev dynamic performance, and the higher voltage will limit the output power due to the bound of batteries in ev
對于電動汽車驅動系統來說，轉子時間常數的波動會導致輸出轉矩和電機電壓的波動，並且嚴重時會導致系統出現振蕩，轉矩的波動會影響汽車的動態性能，電機電壓的波動則會由於電池電壓的限制而影響電機的輸出功率，這些都是電動汽車的驅動系統應該避免的問題。分享友人