治外法權的 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhìwàifǎquánde]
治外法權的 英文
exterritoriality
  • 治 : Ⅰ動詞1 （治理） rule; administer; govern; manage 2 （醫治） treat （a disease）; cure; heal 3 （...
  • 外 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面） outside; external side 2 （外國） foreign country 3 （以外） besides; beyond; in ...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 權 : Ⅰ名詞1 [書面語] （秤錘） counterpoise; weight （of a steelyard）2 （權力） power; authority 3 （...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  1. This chapter studies the concept and connotation of state immunity through comparison with such relevant concept as diplomatic immunity ; analyses the significance and complexity of state immunity from such different points of view as public international law, private international law and social economy, and at the same time states the state immunity is one principle of customary international law ; introduces four theoretical bases concerning state immunity : doctrine of exterritoriality, doctrine of dignity of state, doctrine of comity and doctrine of sovereignty equality of state, through historical review. although the author is in favor of the view that independence and equality of state are the bases of state immunity, certain degree of understanding and approval of different views are also expressed

    本文通過與外交豁免等相關概念進行比較的方法，來研究國家豁免的概念與內涵;從國際公法、國際私法、社會經濟的不同角度分析國家豁免的意義與復雜性，同時論述國家豁免是一項習慣國際法原則;並通過歷史性考察，主要介紹了治外法權說、國家尊嚴學說、禮讓學說、主權平等學說四種國家豁免的理論根據，作者雖然贊同國家的獨立和平等是國家豁免的根據，但是對于不同的觀點也持一定程度的理解和贊同。
  2. In the late period of anti - japanese war, the wang puppet government ' s taking back the concession and rescinding the exterritoriality, was the outcome of the japanese government ' s policy on china for the sake of saving the declining trend of pacific ocean campaigns, and was also an important try of wang puppet government to improve the relationship with japan

    摘要抗日戰爭後期，汪偽政府「收回」租界及「撤廢」治外法權，是日本政府為挽救太平洋戰場的頹勢而推行「對華新政策」的產物，也是汪偽政府試圖「改善」對日關系的重要嘗試。
  3. The foreign aggressors enjoyed " extraterritoriality " in those days

    那時，外國侵略者享有不受中國法律官轄的「治外法權」 。
  4. Foreigners ' understanding of china ' s extraterritoriality system of foreign law during the later qing dynasty

    近代在華外國法律人對中國治外法權制度的認識
  5. Secondly, the course of transformation in china ' s grass - root shows that political integration by power exclusively uses national power as the main measure of political integration, that the state executes in a sovereignty capacity a simplex " reflexive monitoring " to societies within the " national boundaries ". in order to secure the national power to arrive quickly and effectively at each would - be integrated stage, the state eliminates those tanglesome characteristics of all the integration objects, and regard them as indistinctive abstract existence wanting technical treatment. thus, integration of this kind holds the political community externally, rather than internally and organically

    第二，以中國基層社會為敘述場景的社會轉型歷程表明，國家權力支配型的政治整合排他性地將國家權力作為政治整合的主導手段，國家以主權者的身份對處于「國界」中的社會實施一元化的「反思性監控」 ，並為了保證國家權力能夠迅捷有效地抵達有待整合的各個層面，而消除了一切整合對象的「雜多」個性，將之視為有待技術化處理的無差別的抽象存在，致使這種整合形式只能維系政治共同體的外在統一，而無法實現作為「共同體」應有之義的內在凝聚和有機團結。
  6. Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt

    第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。
  7. When the seigneur swore fealty to gods on the feudal ceremony, the king had got a permanent affiliation with the seigneur except lineal consanguinity, which was supervised by gods every time

    周公東征之後，盟誓成為構建西周國家政權的重要組織形式，使諸侯與天子建立了宗法血緣關系之外依靠神靈監督效忠的政治從屬關系。
  8. Unlike every other big country in the world ( and plenty of small ones ), america runs an “ extraterritorial ” tax system

    和世界上的其它大國（以及許多小國）不同，美國實行一種「治外法權」的稅務制度。
  9. The main body of the dissertation is from the second section ( the first chapter ) to the fifth section ( the fourth chapter ), which firstly discusses the evolvement of american economic recovery policy toward japan and argues that the economic recovery policy toward japan was the inevitable result which the united states pursued her global containment strategies, with the changes of the international situation and the economic conditions in japan, the u. s. regarded japan " s accession to gatt gradually as the most important objective of the economic recovery policy toward japan ; secondly explains in detail that the u. s. fought up against the old guard in congress persistently in order to win the authorization from reciprocal trade agreements act ( rtaa ) so as to conduct the crucial tariff negotiations with japan, and emphasizes mainly that the executive had to seek for the balance between the national interest and oversea interest because of the strong forces of the domestic protectionism group, but made efforts to make foreign economic policy which is favourable to the latter because of the need of the cold war strategies ; thirdly analyzes the basic contents of u. s. - japanese tariff negotiations briefly and summarizes the results of the negotiations, and considers that under a large number of concession which the u. s. made in the negotiations, the japanese could change american political and strategical interest into the japanese trade interest and became the main winner ; fourthly researches mainly british diplomatic policy towards japan " s accession to gatt and american reaction to the policy and influence on it, and american roles in

    第二部分（第一章）至第五部分（第四章）是論文的主體部分，首先論述美國對日經濟復興政策的演變歷程，提出美國對日本的經濟復興政策是美國推行全球冷戰戰略的必然結果，隨著國際形勢和日本經濟狀況的變化，美國逐漸將推動日本入關視為對日經濟復興政策的最重要目標；其次詳細闡述為了獲得《互惠貿易協定法》的授權，以便與日本進行重要的關稅談判，美國政府和國會保守派持續不斷地作斗爭，重點強調，鑒于國內貿易保護主義勢力的強大，行政部門不得不尋求國內利益和海外利益的平衡，但同時出於冷戰戰略的考慮，又盡量使對外經濟政策向後者傾斜；第三，扼要分析美日關稅談判的基本內容，並總結關稅談判的結果，認為美國政府在談判中對日本政府所做的大幅度讓步，使得日本人能夠將美國的政治、戰略利益轉化為日本的商貿利益，從而成為談判的最大贏家；第四，重點研究英國對日本入關的外交政策和美國對該政策的反應、施加的影響，在國際斗爭中美國為日本入關而發揮的作用以及日本人自己做出的努力，指出雖然在美國施加的強大壓力下，英國政府最終同意日本成為關貿總協定的成員國，但是它依然以國家利益為重，對日本援引關貿總協定第35條，不給予其商品最惠國待遇。 」
  10. This text combines actual conditions of home and broad with background on " the state - owned capital retreats and the private capital progresses " of enterprise to analysis mbo theory and operating practice, make every effort to look for effectual methods and measures which suits domestic real localization, provide countermeasure and suggestion which can perfect and norm the domestic mbo, hope for the domestic mbo has a healthy and normal development try my best

    而民營企業的mbo在明晰產權、完善公司治理結構等方面顯示了越來越大的作用。本文試圖結合國內外企業的實踐情況和我國「國退民進」的時代背景來分析mbo理論及其操作實踐，力求尋找完善和規范我國mbo且行之有效的方法和措施，希望為我國mbo健康和規范的發展盡一份微薄之力。
  11. The dissertation includes three parts : part one presents the theoretical background with the focus on constitutional and political sources, followed by a historic conclusion and summary of relevant theories in reference to the rise and decline of power on the foreign policy between the president and congress

    正文分三部分：第一部分為本文提供理論分析的背景。重點闡述美國國會外交決策權的憲法和政治依據，並結合美國總統與國會在美國外交權限中的消長變化對美國國會的外交權作一歷史歸納與理論概述。
  12. In essence, citizen is not only negation for autocratic country, special rights of law, but also it ' s affirmation and admission for rights, ability, independent and subject qualifications of economic, politic, culture of social members " reality and latency. the great history progresses with citizen embodied shows that citizen should n ' t be replaced in the construction of juridical country : ( 1 ) citizen is history starting point and logic starting point of juridical country. ( 2 ) citizen is real subject of building legal country and the deepest basis

    公民不僅是對專制國家、社會不平等和法外特權的否定，同時也是對社會成員現實的和潛在的經濟、政治和文化諸方面的權利能力和獨立主體資格的肯定和承認，公民所體現的巨大的歷史進步性，使公民在法治國家的建設中具有不可替代的地位： （ 1 ）公民是法治國家建立和生發的基礎； （ 2 ）公民是建設法治國家的真實主體； （ 3 ）公民是法治國家的終極關懷。
  13. Otherwise it only has demonstrative political function ; a considerable number of those basic civil rights confirmed by the constitution cannot be actually fulfilled because they are not specified by the branch laws. as to the reason of this phenomenon, it is mainly due to the fact that there is no corresponding system of constitutional actions in our country so that those laws and behaviors which are against the constitution cannot be corrected and punished in time and the citizens " constitutional rights cannot be protected as a practical procedure

    長期以來，我國憲法的根本法地位，只是體現在作為制定法律的依據方面，除此之外，主要發揮的是宣示性的政治功能，憲法所確認的公民基本權利，相當一部分因未被部門法具體化而無法真正實現，究其原因，主要是由於我國缺乏相應的憲法訴訟制度，以至於違憲的法律和行為得不到及時的糾正和制裁，公民的憲法權利缺乏實現的程序性保障。
  14. And the fundamental way out for the realization of the judicial impartiality lies in its reformation. on the basis of the principle of rule of law in constitution and by using the advanced experience of china and foreign countries for reference, we ought to reform the outdated judicial system which does n ' t conform to the operating law of administration of justice inside, to better the leadership system of judiciary by the party, to improve the relationship of power between legislative bodies ( the npc at all levels ) and judicial organs, to restrict the unjustified interventions of judicial powers by administrative authority, and to repres s the local, implemental and administrative trends in judicial powers. and within the operating mechanism of judicial powers, we should perfect the selection of judges and their job security and enhance the requisite qualifications to be judges

    司法改革的根本目標是司法公正，實現司法公正的根本出路在於司法改革，我們應當根據憲法的法治原則，借鑒中外司法制度中的先進成果，改革不符合司法權內在運作規律要求的舊的司法制度，改革黨對司法的領導體制，完善立法機關（各級人大）與司法的權力關系，控制行政權對司法權的不當干預，阻止司法權的地方化、工具化及行政化的趨勢；在司法權運作機制內部，完善法官的選拔及職業保障，抬高法官的資格門檻，同時廢除違反司法權性質的上下級之間請示、匯報、審批制度等等。
  15. Meckling model of analyzing enterprise ownership structure, author study our country environment impacting on the eso efficiency and get the conclusion : though the implement of the eso in bank of our country can change the traditional rigid method of salary distribution, correct nearsightedness of senior executive and excite positive psychology, but because of many environments restrictions, the effect of the eso was give a great discount. so if implying this encouragement scheme, we must take the road of china in the bank of our country. referring to western bank experiences, author has discussed the eso schemes in our bank and designed the feasible schemes, which accords with the realistic objective condition

    本文系統闡述了股票期權激勵的基本原理及應用狀況，對現行銀行薪酬管理模式的問題及在銀行業中實施股票期權激勵的效應進行了探討，並借用詹森、梅克林分析企業所有權結構模型來研究我國銀行業的環境變化對股票期權作用效率的影響，得到結論：盡管我國銀行實施股票期權激勵能改變傳統的僵化薪酬分配方式，糾正高管人員的短視心理，激發工作積極主動性，但由於我國的證券市場效率較低，大多數銀行的產權治理結構不完善，稅收、會計、法律制度不健全這些內外部環境的制約，將使股票期權的激勵效率大打折扣，因此，在我國的銀行業中實施這一激勵方案必須走中國化的道路。
  16. The study analyze the reason for brain drain in high - tech enterprise, and draw the conclusion that lacking the long - term incentive in wage system is the main cause for loss of human resource, so i raise the viewpoint of bringing in the stock options from foreign high - tech corp. after making a comparative analysis between china and america, and drawing on the experience of foreign counties in this regard. i make a suggestion in stock source, the option striking price in china, which are not contradictory with the existing laws and regulations in our country

    本文在對高新技術企業人力資源的流失原因進行分析的基礎上，得出目前國內薪酬設計中長期激勵不足是產生高科技企業人員流動的主要原因，從而確定了引入股票期權激勵機制的前提條件，其後，在對我國股權運作模式及股票期權激勵機制制約因素的分析基礎上，借鑒國外幾十年來實施股票期權的相對較為成熟的經驗，提出了對我國相關法律法規的一些政策性建議，同時，針對我國法律及公司治理等方面對股票運作的障礙，提出了與現行法律不相違背的股票來源、股票行權價等方面的設計，並建設性地針對高科技企業提出了團隊股票期權激勵計劃及針對高科技企業的股票期權運作方法，從而為相關部門制訂有關政策及法律法規提供了借鑒，也為高科技企業實施股票期權提供了一套基本的原則和方法。
  17. The first part discusses the theoretic connotation and historical evolvement of power, taking the ex planation of power in different times and different countries into account, discussing that " serving people " still is the core tenet for leaders and cadres " coming into power under the greatly changed political and economical circumstances. the second part discusses the issue that how to make use of power correctly, discussing the following issues in turn : the impersonal political and economical circumstances of the use of power ; the four factors which often cause the happening of the mistakes of power - using ; the basic demands n principles and requirements of the use of power, and discusses the fundamental measure of the right use of power - - - - - - the establishment of systems, attaching more importance on the system of cadre and person, the system of decision - making of important matters, the system of supervision. at last the thesis discusses the safeguard of the right use of power - - establishment of professional morality of the leaders and cadres

    第一部分通過論述權力的理論概念及歷史演變，結合古今中外人們對權力的不同解釋，論述了我黨在執政環境發生重大變化的今天，領導幹部掌權用權的核心和宗旨依然是「執政為民」 ；第二部分論述了如何正確行使權力的問題，依次論述了權力行使的客觀政治經濟環境，權力得到正確行使的基本要求，導致權力運行失誤的四種經常性因素，以及保障權力得以正確行使的制衡性原則、公開性原則、法制性原則、自製性原則，並以幹部人事制度、重大問題決策制度與監督制度為重點論述了權力得以正確行使的根本? ?制度建設，最後討論了權力得以正確行使的有力保障? ?領導幹部職業道德建設，分別論述了幹部職業道德建設的主要內容及途徑。
  18. To idiographic institution, the main causes of the debts forming are as follow : the finance rights and affair rights are digit in the process of the finance and tax system, the finance rights are up collecting, and the affairs rights are down moving, the finance gap formed in the process of the finance and tax system, the comparative economic shrink in the anaphase country reform, the finance ingathering became fewer : the political and the administration system reform is disjoint to the economic system reform, the village and town government financial action is lost echo obligation, the expenditure break through the budget, and so on, otherwise, the country financial system reform is lag, the invests are becoming bad for the country government intervention to economic field, the country government action is short of efficient criterion, cut down the centre transferring geld to the farmers and delay to carry out the legal payment ; the effective supervision to the loan is short of about national to the non - financial machine, and so on, so the debts form at last

    但從根本講，還是制度的原因，是國家通過制度的安排來對利益進行重新分配，導致鄉鎮政府財政收入短缺，產生債務需求，最終形成債務。從具體的制度上看，主要有:財稅體制改革中的財權與事權的錯位，財權向上集中、事權不斷下移;農村稅費改革產生財政缺口;農村改革後期出現的經濟相對萎縮，財政收入減少;政治制度和行政管理制度改革與經濟改革脫節，鄉鎮政府財政行為失去應有的約束，導致開支突破預算等等，產生債務需求。另外，農村金融體制改革的滯后;鄉鎮政府對經濟領域的高度介入，出現經濟投資虧損;政府行為缺乏有效規范，截留老百姓的轉移支付款項、拖延履行法定支付義務;國家對非金融機構借貸行為缺乏有效監管等等，產生債務供給。
  19. In this paper, we first make a literature on relationship of equity ownership structure and corporation performance. it turns out that because of different opinions, it ’ s difficult to tell how equity ownership structure influences corporation performance. we should consider the equity ownership structure ’ s characteristic and other factors when we do research on joint - stock commercial bank ’ s equity ownership structure

    我國學者借鑒國外研究的科學方法，比較充分地考慮了國內的實際情況，贊同國內上市公司的股權結構與公司績效有關，在股權集中度與公司治理績效關系方面，有兩種觀點，認為兩者的關系是正相關關系和倒u型關系，而在股本結構對公司績效影響方面的觀點差異較大。
  20. In the forth part, on the bases of the third part, the paper works out the amount of the stock option plan, which is just the amount that a company can grant its beneficiaries during a whole stock option plan ; the amount that a company can grant its beneficiaries one year and the amount that a beneficiary can attain one year. in the fifth part, also the last part, after introducing the method that decides the exercise price in foreign and associating our country ' s conditions, the paper discusses several methods, which fit our company. they are comprehensive price method, cash flow method, simulating listed company ' s price method and asset evaluation method

    本論文包括五部分，在第一部分中論述了我國引進股票期權的必要性及股票期權計劃的國內外發展狀況；第二部分探討了股票期權計劃的理論基礎，具體有契約理論、委託代理理論、兩要素理論、共同治理理論、風險激勵理論；第三部分針對七個期權獲受人的工作職責分別設計了七個有定量指標和定性指標構成的個人業績評價指標體系，並給出了評價標準和評價方法；第四部分則充分利用了第三部分的評價結果，分別確定了公司在一個股票期權計劃中可授予股票期權的總量、各年可授予的股票期權數量、個人可獲得的股票期權數量；第五部分，也就是最後一部分，在介紹國外行權價格確定方法的基礎上，結合我國國情，探討了適用於我國行權價格確定的各種方法，包括綜合價格法、現金流量法、模擬上市公司價格法、資產評估法。
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