法定責任范圍 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎdìngzérènfànwéi]
法定責任范圍 英文
legal limitation of liability
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 責 : Ⅰ名詞（責任） duty; responsibility Ⅱ動詞1 （要求做成某事或行事達到一定標準） demand; ask for; req...
  • 任 : 任名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 范 : 名詞1 [書面語] （模子） pattern; mould; matrix 2 （模範; 榜樣） model; example 3 （范圍） boundar...
  • 圍 : Ⅰ動詞1 （四周攔擋起來 使裡外不通; 環繞） enclose; surround; corral 2 （繞; 裹） wrap Ⅱ名詞1 （四...
  • 法定 : legal; statutory法定安培 legal ampere; 法定貶值 official devaluation; 法定標準 statutory standard...
  • 責任 : 1. （應做的事） duty; responsibility 2. （應承擔的過失） responsibility for a fault or wrong; blame
  • 范圍 : scope; limits; extent; boundary; confines; range; range dimension; spectrum
  1. It consists of eight parts : from part one to part six the following are analysis and studies such as the definition and scope of products both at home and abroad, the definition and norms of judgement of the product defects, the imputation principle of pl, the subject of pl, the pl cause of counterplea, the compensation for damages of pl. etc. in part seven is a brief comparison between responsibility of quote and lawsuit limitation. and a conclusion is drawn from the above seven parts which will gives us some ideas about what we should learn and what will make it perfect for our pl

    第一部分至第六部分依次就中外產品責任法中產品的定義和范圍、產品缺陷的定義和判斷標準、產品責任的歸責原則、產品責任主體、產品責任的抗辯事由、產品責任的損害賠償進行了比較研究並就以上各方面我國產品責任立法必須完善之處分別在各部分進行了闡述；第七部分就產品責任訴訟中的舉證責任和訴訟時效進行了簡略的比較；結語部分就上述七部分我國產品責任法的可供借鑒之處和完善進行了結論性的綜述。
  2. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  3. Namely, the scholars in continental law system countries hold the two levels of causality : that is, causality at the level of establishment of tort liability and the level of scope of tort liability. regarding the liabilities determine, determine at the tow levels is adopted as well. because of the unique jury system, the liabilities determine in the anglo - american law system countries consists of two, namely, the determine of causality in terms of causation in fact and that of causation in iaw the dichotomy of causality in the law of tort not only specifies the tort liability but also limits the scope of the liability

    因果關系是侵權行為責任成立的必備要件，國外因果關系理論的「二分法」 ，即大陸法系國家學者將因果關系分為責任成立上的因果關系和責任范圍上的因果關系兩個層次結構，在責任認定上也採用了責任成立的因果關系的認定和責任范圍的因果關系的認定；英美法系根據其特有的陪審員制度，在因果關系的認定上分事實上因果關系的認定和法律上因果關系的認定。
  4. This dissertation, after making a comparative study on foreign and chinese guaranty law, hold the view that guaranty law of china defines the scope of guaranty liability and is applicable

    引用國外法律與我國《擔保法》對此規定進行比較，認為我國《擔保法》對保證責任范圍進行了確定，具有可操性。
  5. Therefore a set of effective systems of legal liability, to great extent. determine the practical actualization of the law for anti - trust and assure the protection of the legal competition and prevention of monopoly by the government. otherwise, the law for anti - trust will be ineffectively in china

    到目前為止，在世界范圍內已有一百多個國家和地區制定了統一的反壟斷法，並且都針對性地規定了相應的法律責任制度，其內容涵蓋了民事責任、行政責任和刑事責任。
  6. Be opposite this of 1992 cloth " labor law " revise share 44, new after revising " labor law " have the following characteristic : suited to build the real case that realizes formal diversity with the adjustment that develops structure of system of socialist market economy, economy, state ownership already, highlight again was aimed at increasingly complex and changeful working relationship ; the maintenance that highlighted labour union function, made clear workers congress system and collective contract system shift of power of these two main thought, aggrandizement labour union organizes construction, organize broad worker in labour union to provided legal basis and safeguard for utmost ground ; increased the protective strength to labour union cadre, aggrandizement specific safeguard, make labour union cadre ok more the function that fulfils his duty to fulfill labour union responsibly ; protected labour union to produce bridge and bond effect better, fulfilled labour union to share politics, economy, culture and the approach that the society lives, made clear the essential mechanism that labor of labour union mediate concerns ; those who made clear union funds capture range, aggrandizement of union funds capture strength, ensured labour union to organize the necessary material base that develops function of labour union of activity, implementation lawfully ; set legal liability, made clear the punishment to violating principal part, enhanced law to deter force

    這次對1992布的《工會法》的修改共有四十四條，新修改後的《工會法》有以下特點：既適應了建立和發展社會主義市場經濟體制、經濟結構的調整、公有制實現形式多元化的實際情況，又突出針對了日益復雜多變的勞動關系；突出了工會的維護職能，明確了職工代表大會制度和集體合同制度這兩個主要維權手段，強化了工會組織建設，為最大限度地把廣大職工組織到工會中來提供了法律依據和保障；加大了對工會幹部的保護力度，強化了具體保護措施，使工會幹部可以更加盡職盡責地履行工會的職能；更好地保護了工會發揮橋梁和紐帶作用，落實了工會參與政治、經濟、文化和社會生活的途徑，明確了工會調處勞動關系的根本機制；明確了工會經費的收繳范圍，強化了工會經費的收繳力度，保障了工會組織依法開展活動、實現工會職能的必要物質基礎；規定了法律責任，明確了對違法主體的處罰，增強了法律威懾力。
  7. Chapter three completely introduces our country ’ s company profits allotment system, including the characteristics of our country ’ s company profits allotment year, the scope, source, assignment proportion and payment method of profits allotment, power to make decisions, provident fund, community chest system, invalid allotment, and etc. chapter four analyzes the shortcomings of our country ’ s company profits allotment system, and then gives the author ’ s personal suggestions about the relevant regulations

    第三章全面介紹了我國公司利潤分配製度，分析了我國公司利潤分配年度的特點、利潤分配范圍、來源及分配比例、利潤分配支付方式、決定權、公積金、公益金制度、無效分配的法律責任等問題。第四章從強制性「兩金」的提取的缺陷、資本公積彌補虧損的不足和利潤分配比例的缺陷分析了我國公司利潤分配製度的缺點與不足。
  8. If 2 or more persons are defendants to a claim, as partners or otherwise, a process may be served on any of them and an award may be obtained and execution issued against any person so served notwithstanding that any other persons jointly liable may not have been served or been a party or may not be within the jurisdiction of the board

    如有2名或以上的人以合伙人或其它身分而屬同一宗申索的被告人?法律程序文件可送達予其中任何一人?而判定該收件人敗訴的裁定可由申索人獲得?執行程序亦可向該受件人進行?即使任何其它共同有責的人可能未獲得送達法律程序文件?或不屬當事人?或不在仲裁處的司法管轄權范圍內?均無例外。
  9. In the last ten years, china published some laws and regulations regarding the definition and disposal of the directors " act concerning the prohibition of business strife. however, this system did not work well due to some deficiencies and defects, particularly the inconsistency with the subject scope, the uncertainty of the term, the obscurity of the competitive limits, the imperfection of the legal liability system and the scarcity of necessary flexibility

    最近十余年來，我國有關法律也相繼對競業禁止行為的認定與處理作出了一些規定，但存在著主體范圍的不一致性、期限的不明確性、競業界限的模糊性、法律責任體系的不完善性以及缺乏必要的靈活性等不足和缺陷，董事競業禁止制度的實際運行情況不夠理想。
  10. However, according to the bifurcated approach to problems of causation, the scope of damages that defined by the " cause in fact " is provided with the probability of enlargement infinitely and uncertainty, so it is necessary to restrict the scope of damages by some legal means within the meaning of techniques of law. meantime, it is unfair that the risk of transaction is only undertaked by the defaulting party, so it is necessary to make use of some legal means to delimit the reasonable damages for the defaulting party

    首先，筆者提出：根據全部賠償原則，違約方應賠償因其違約行為給合同債權人造成的所有損害，而借用國外學者關于因果關系二分法的觀點，該「事實上的因果關系」所劃定的損害賠償范圍具有無限擴大的可能性和不確定性，因此從法技術講，就有必須要利用一些法律手段對該賠償范圍予以限界；同時，交易活動本身固有的風險單由合同違約方承擔也是不公平的，因此也有必要利用一些法律手段為違約方劃定一個合理的賠償責任范圍。
  11. As for de facto company, it is an incorporated body, owning limited personality. thus it should bear responsibility within a certain limits

    設立中公司是一種具有自身特性的非法人團體，具有有限人格，在一定范圍內承擔法律責任。
  12. Therefore, the paper proposes that these laws and regulations should go further to be perfected, and criterions be standardized ; furthermore, in the field of asset appraisal, subjects and their legal liability, objects and their formations, judging and punishing criterions are all need to be cleared, making th e evaluating institutions take the legal liability they deserve

    為此，本文提出要進一步建立健全評估行業及相關中介行業的法律、法規，系統規范資產評估準則；進一步明確資產評估法律責任主體，分清相關利益主體的法律責任范圍，明確法律責任的對象和形式，明確法律責任的認定及處罰標準，使評估機構承擔其應承擔的法律責任。
  13. On the basis of the research on the connotation, the theoretical basis and the relevant systems of several countries, this article advances four fundamental principles for the establishment of prohibition of business strife system in china - legal interests equity, rights consistent with obligation, mitigating discrimination treatment and litigation remedy. furthermore, this article proposes five suggestions, i. e. to change absolute prohibition into relative prohibition, to unify the subject scope, to define the term limit, to define the extent of the duty and to perfect the legal liability system

    本文在研究董事競業禁止的內涵及其理論依據、考察相關國家董事競業禁止制度的基礎上，有針對性地提出了確立我國董事競業禁止制度的四項基本原則? ?法益衡平原則、權利義務相一致原則、淡化差別待遇原則和可訴性原則，並進而設計了完善我國董事競業禁止制度的五條具體意見? ?改董事競業的絕對禁止為相對禁止、統一董事競業禁止義務的主體范圍、明確規定競業禁止義務的時間界限、明晰董事競業的外延范圍和完善法律責任體系。
  14. It determines the limit of powers and responsibilities on personnel management of government and schools. it exerts an influence on the essence and the mode of school management, as well as the mode of teacher ' s jural relief

    它決定著教育行政機關和學校各自的人事管理權限和責任范圍，影響著學校的管理性質、方式及教師的法律救濟方式。
  15. Relax control to strengthen by loosenning business scope the profit ability of the stock certificate company towards doing not have confidence to pass to start to take charge of real results, to market but talking gains or losses color combining indetermination of business should, economize to take charge of cost in the meantime

    對沒有把握通過監管起到實效，對市場而言利弊色彩並不確定的業務應該放鬆管制，以放寬業務范圍增強證券公司盈利能力，同時節約監管成本。對必須有效監管的業務行為，則要設定明確而相當的法律責任，完善追究制度，力求監管實效。
  16. The scope of guaranty liability the scope of guaranty liability refers to the scope regulated by law of contracted by the parties on which the parties bear liability. the scope of guaranty liability is limited by secondary characteristics of guaranty liability, regulation of law and promises of the contracted parties

    關于保證責任范圍是指依法律規定或者依當事人約定，保證人在多大程度或何種界限之內承擔保證責任，保證責任的范圍受保證的從屬性、法律的規定和當事人約定所左右。
  17. The latter is a theoretical innovation, it criticizes the given model in chinese securities market in which only get the csrc ' s affirmation of iniuria firstly can you claim for damages. then go to the causation, with several european countries as background, the author initially supposes we should adopt the " scope of the rule " theory to solve the causation problem of the liability on manipulations, thereof simplifying the abstract and complex speculation over the causation, merely by thinking through the scope and attempt of law can we judge itfinally, in dealing with damage measure, different from the prevailing method by which scholars often choose one way from three alternatives, those are " out - of - pocket " measure, " defendant ' s profit " measure and " plaintiff ' s loss " measure, the author advises a new appoach that fundamentally applying the first measure and supplementary applying the two measures else, it is expected to fairly settle the puzzling problem in damage measure

    在因果關系部分，本文以主要歐洲國家的因果法理為背景，開創性地提出採用法規目的說解決操縱市場行為責任范圍因果關系的問題，使抽象的因果推定回歸到僅依法規目的與意義考察的單純境界。最後在損害結果部分，與學界通常在「直接損失衡量法」 、 「被告獲利計演算法」以及「原告損失計演算法」中三選一的思維定式不同，提出以直接損失衡量法為原則並輔之以其餘二者的折衷解決方案，以期公平解決損害結果在計算上的難題。
  18. According to the " maritime law ", if the scope of the right of subrogation of insurance companies is not limited by the sum they compensate for the insured, the insurance companies are entitled to claim the total sum to the third party in terms of the " loss within the scope of insurance responsibilities ", however, the insurance indemnity exceeding the sum they pay shall be returned to the insured

    根據《海商法》的上述規定，保險公司的代位求償權的范圍不以其向被保險人賠償的金額為限，保險公司可以就「保險責任范圍內的損失」全額向第三人主張，但超過其支付的保險賠償的部分，應退還給被保險人。而根據《保險法》的規定，保險公司的代位求償權的范圍以其支付的保險金額為限。
  19. The thesis determines the scope of such liability on the basis of article 55 of chinese maritime code. it distinguishes the methods for calculating the damage between subjective method and objective method and gives an analysis and comparison between them

    免單放貸的姑並責他門針研究中文摘要關于無單放貨法律責任的范圍，本文以我國《海商法》第55條的規定為基礎，將損失的計算方法分為主觀與客觀兩種，並對兩種方式的優劣進行分析。
  20. The research on the arrangement of responsibilities of the independent auditing focuses mainly on the direct discussion of the content of the independent auditing responsibilities, and that restricts the scope of research. however, as an integrated system, the arrangement of the responsibilities of independent auditing must be based on a certain structure, every part of which influences each other and functions jointly, thus, the structure of the independent auditing responsibilities is selected as the perspective of the research on the arrangement of the independent auditing responsibilities. this essay makes research mainly on the structure of scope of the responsibilities or non - responsibilities of independent auditing, the structure of ethics responsibility and legal duty, and the evolution of responsibility structure from ethics orientation to law orientation, then, the issue of responsibility structure of independent auditor in our country is discussed

    現有涉及獨立審計責任安排的研究更多的是直接針對獨立審計責任的具體內容加以論述，頗有就事論事的味道，然而獨立審計責任安排作為一個完整的體系必定是以一定結構組成的責任體系，獨立審計責任各個組成部分相互影響共同發揮效力，因此本文選擇獨立審計責任結構作為切入點研究獨立審計責任安排，主要對獨立審計責與非責的范圍結構、道德責任與法律責任的構成結構與由道德責任為主向法律責任為主的責任結構演變進行研究，然後在此基礎上對中國獨立審計責任結構問題作一番思索。
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