波長最小值 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bōzhǎngzuìxiǎozhí]
波長最小值 英文
wavelength minimum
  • 波 : Ⅰ名詞1 （波浪） wave 2 [物理學] （振動傳播的過程） wave 3 （意外變化） an unexpected turn of even...
  • 長 : 長Ⅰ形容詞1 （年紀較大） older; elder; senior 2 （排行最大） eldest; oldest Ⅱ名詞（領導人） chief;...
  • 最 : 副詞（表示某種屬性超過所有同類的人或事物） most; best; worst; first; very; least; above all; -est
  • 小 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （體積、面積、數量、強度等不大） small; little; petty; minor 2 （年紀小的; 年幼的） youn...
  • 波長 : [物理學] wavelength波長標準 [光學] wavelength standards; 波長測量 wavelength measurement; 波長常...
  1. Conclusions show the post and telecommunications " inductivity is least which means this industry is most likely a bottleneck to nation economy ; analysis of the production inducing coefficient shows that the post and telecommunications is a consumption - relying industry ; the change of production value of post and telecommunications spreads most to the second industry, then the tertiary industry, the primary industry ; the change of price of post and telecommunications spread most to the tertiary industry, then the secondary industry, the primary industry

    得出郵電業感應度系數最小，其瓶頸地位最突出；對生產誘發系數的分析得出郵電業是消費依賴型產業；郵電業的產值增長，對第二產業的產值波及程度最強，其次是第三產業，第一產業；郵電業價格的變化對第三產業的價格波及程度最大，其次是第二產業，第一產業。見第五章。
  2. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  3. In this paper, the contrast of original image is enhanced by nonlinear transformation based on the characteristics of grain image ; after comparing several methods of threshold segmentation and analyzing their performance and applicability on grain image, the adaptive threshold segmentation based on gradient image is presented ; the noise of binary image is reduced with morphological filter, the hollow in binary image is filled in and a recognition algorithm is designed to remove agglomerate particle ; on the basis of mathematical morphology two methods are adopted to segment agglomerate grains that are not agglomerated tightly ; the parameters of size and shape, perimeter, area, diameter, complexlity, longest feret diameter, shortest feret diameter etc, are extracted. this technique is applied in measurement of pearl powder ' s particle size

    本文根據粒度圖像的特點，採用非線性對比度增強處理改善顆粒顯微圖像的對比度；對多種閾值分割方法進行比較，分析了它們的性能和用於粒度圖像的適用性，在此基礎上提出了一種基於梯度圖像的動態閾值分割方法；對獲取的顆粒二值圖像進行形態濾波和空洞填充，設計了識別演算法去除凝聚體；對重疊不太嚴重的粘結顆粒採用了兩種基於數學形態學的分割演算法；提取了周長、面積、粒徑、復雜度、最長feret徑、最短feret徑等大小和形狀特徵參數，對珍珠粉等粉體粒度進行了測量。
  4. This isi series oscillation has following characters : ( 1 ) long term cycle duration, whose duration of most oscillations ranged from 3 0 - 120ms, so we called it slow wave oscillation ; ( 2 ) large amplitude of oscillation, the minimum isi is about 2ms while the maximum is beyond 40ms, which suggested that the firing frequency vary from several tens to hundred hz ; ( 3 ) abrupt turn always occurs during the continuous change in isi, this turn is called inflexion temporarily

    該振蕩波有下述特徵： （ 1 ）振蕩周期較長，多數在30 ? 120s范圍，故稱慢波振蕩； （ 2 ）振蕩幅度較大，其isi振蕩最小值在zms左右，最大值可達40ms ，表明放電頻率可在幾十到幾百k范圍內變動； （ 3 ）在isi連續變化過程中往往出現突然轉折，暫稱其為拐點。
  5. For parameter a, there is a close relationship exist between a ( 9, sr ) in two different radar incident angle that can be expressed as : with considering the effects of soil texture, we get the final expression of the inversion model : where mv ( t1 ), mv ( t2 ) is volumetric soil moisture content in two different temp, c, d is soil type related parameters, and v ( t1 ), s ( t2 ) is coresponding bare soil radar backscattering coefficients. inversion results show that for the c band hh polarized radarsat scansar data with a range of incidence angle from 20 to 40, the soil moisture change value can be derived with an acceptable accuracy using the above model. the temporal and spatial soil moisture change patterns are associated with rainfall and vegetation cover, as well as the soil hydraulic characteristics

    利用最新發展的電磁波散射模型研究了不同植被覆蓋地表雷達波對地表土壤水分的敏感性，建立了半經驗植被雷達後向散射模型; 2 ） .研究發現在農作物等矮小植被覆蓋地表，植被層直接後向散射與植被類型相關，且在植被生長期，雷達後向散射系數對植被含水量的敏感性要高於對植被高度變化的敏感性; 3 ） .解決了單參數雷達地表土壤水分反演問題中，雷達入射角和地表粗糙度的影響這一難點問題; 4 ） .利用土壤介電模型校正了不同土壤類型對反演地表土壤體積含水量的影響; 5 ） .在以上成果基礎上，建立了完整的單參數雷達地表土壤水分變化探測反演演算法，經地表驗證，模型反演地表土壤水分變化值的精度為rmse = 0
  6. Based on the spectral irradiance measured with the sun - atmosphere ultraviolet spectrum radiometer ( sauvs ) developed by the institute of atmosphere physics and the changchun institute of optics and fine mechanics, chinese academy of sciences, measuring the direct and scatter irradiance spectrum of ultraviolet waveband which arrives in beijing global surface, giving a method of retrieving the aerosol optical depth ( aod ) and put up with primary results that exponential function can fit the retrieval results according to its visibility, putting forth different coefficients and functions on variable visibility, also giving a primary analysis on the aod in dust - storm day and some contrast between sun - day and dust - storm day, analyzing the ratio between scatter and total irradiance, and its relationship with atmosphere mass and total atmosphere optical depth, lastly contrasting with the survey results by aeronet beijing station, the results of retrieval is in reason, this work gives some help in researching the co - effect of aerosol - radiance - climate and makes preparation for further survey on the radiance characteristics of dust

    利用中國科學院大氣物理研究所與長春光學精密機械研究所合作研製的太陽?大氣紫外光譜輻射計（ sauvs ） ，測量到達北京地表的太陽直接和散射紫外光譜輻射，導出了大氣氣溶膠的光學厚度。初步結果表明：北京紫外波段大氣氣溶膠的光學厚度在絕大部分情況下隨波長的增加而單調減小，用指數函數可以較好地擬合反演結果，統計得到了三個水平能見度狀況下擬合函數的系數值和公式表達式；初步分析了揚沙、浮塵、沙塵暴天氣條件下氣溶膠光學厚度的特點，並與一般晴朗天氣條件下的氣溶膠光學厚度特點做了比較分析；分析了太陽紫外譜輻射中散射輻射與大氣質量、大氣總光學厚度的定性關系和定量表達式；最後與全球氣溶膠監測網路（ aeronet ）北京站的資料做比對，表明反演結果基本合理。
  7. The influence of msfvw bandwidth on the diffraction efficiency is also considered. for the nonuniform bias magnetic field of u - type parabola profile, when the msw frequency is less than the cut - off frequency at the edge of mo film, the effective mo interaction length reduces. the edge cut - off frequency is determined by the maximum of the nonuniform field

    對于拋物型分佈（開口向上）的偏置磁場，當激發靜磁波的rf頻率小於邊緣截止頻率時，磁光作用的有效長度減小（與靜磁波頻率有關） ;邊緣截止頻率由不均勻磁場的最大值決定，靜磁波的下限截止頻率由不均勻場的最小值確定。
  8. ( 2 ) in southern china, the velocities are near average value. a little low velocities exist in the regions such as zhujiangkou, middle of guangxi, lushan and so on. a little high velocities exist in the middle region lied to the south of yangzi river and to the north of zhujiang river

    東部地區速度變化以低速異常為主：整個華北和東北地區，都呈現pn低速異常，特別是華北盆地區、渤海灣和山西地塹低速異常非常明顯，最小低於7 . 8km / s ；華南地區整體上在平均值上下，在珠江口地區、廣西中部地區、廬山地區波速略微偏低，在長江以南，珠江以北地區中部波速略微偏高。
  9. Meanwhile it can filter the waveform and gather the envelope and calculation the current peak and max steepness of lightning by length of erased magnetic record. thirdly we need analyze the difference of length of erased magnetic record between kinds magnetic tape or pre - recorded sine wave on magnetic tape, and finding the min and max lightning current that can be recorded by magnetic tape. then we confirm the type of the magnetic tapes and the way of installing which fit to the line towers

    同時對該波形進行濾波消噪，提取包絡線計算磁帶消磁長度和雷電流峰值及最大陡度第三部分根據mtlcd得出的數據分析不同雷電流通道下不同磁帶、不同預錄正弦波消磁長度的差異及磁帶可以記錄的最小雷電流和最大雷電流，找到可以在輸電鐵塔角鋼上安裝使用的磁帶及其放置方式。
  10. Found there is relativity between max effective activation wavelength k and ion radius of photochromic compose in photochromic glass, and there is no relativity with based glass

    發現光致變色玻璃的有效激活波長最大值_ m值與光敏相組成中離子半徑的大小相關，與基礎玻璃的組成沒有明顯的關系。
  11. Finally, for the multi - wavelength backward pumping fra problems, which are very hard to cope with, we proposed multi - dimension parallel shooting method. the simulation results demonstrate that this method is very useful in solving the raman coupled equations, which are representative of the highly nonlinear problems. the shooting can be converged in short time ( the shooting deviation can be less than 10 - 8 after 6 shooting when there are 8 pumping wavelengths )

    最後，對于最難求解的多波長後向泵浦fra問題，本文提出了多維并行打靶思想， matlab下數值模擬證明，該多維并行打靶法非常適合求解拉曼耦合方程這類高度非線性的問題，打靶過程收斂速度較快（八波長泵浦時只需打靶6次就可以使打靶偏差小於10 - 8 ） 。
  12. Secondly, basing on the theory of on - off gain of small signal, the raman gain coefficient for frequency shift between 0. 5 and 20 thz of standard sigle mode optical fiber is measured by pump - probe method through a super luminescent diode ( sld ) as a broadband small signal probe source. thirdly, numerical simulation analysis of gain characteristic of raman fiber amplifier for c band wdm signal light is made according to the raman gain coefficient of the fiber measured before through target and four rank runge - kutta method. at the invariability of wavelength and maximum power of each of two pumps, schematic of powers of two pumps for best flatness on c band wdm optical gain was found out, at the same time, the factors of resulting in gain saturation is analyzed, too

    本文首先應用經典的電磁理論對拉曼光纖放大器的工作機制進行了分析，然後，根據小信號理論推導出的開關增益求出了光纖拉曼增益系數的表達式，採用泵浦-探測波的方法，利用超輻射激光二極體（ superluminescentdiode簡稱sld ）作為探測光源，測量了所用標準單模光纖頻移為0 . 5 - 20thz的拉曼增益系數，之後根據所測得的光纖的拉曼增益系數譜對應用該類光纖構成的放大c波段wdm光信號的拉曼光纖放大器的增益特性採用打靶法和四階龍格- - -庫塔進行了數值計算，在給定了兩個泵浦光源的波長和最大功率后，找出了反向泵浦情況下使c波段wdm光源增益最平坦的兩個泵浦的各自最佳功率，同時也分析了導致信號光飽和的原因。
  13. The simulation results show that to start the oscillation, the length of the resonance cavity must be well matched with the radial span of the cavity ; mismatch of them will greatly affect the microwave development ; the output power of the microwave in rtto is affected by the microwave mode obviously. under the same conditions, the output power for temooi mode is the highest, and its start and saturation time of oscillation are the shortest. the results also show that the output power will decrease with the increase of the size of the extract window ; the operating state of rtto has great close relationship with the operating current, and there exists an optimum current value

    結果表明，束電壓一定時，諧振腔腔長和徑向間距必須良好匹配微波才能起振，匹配不佳會極大地影響微波產生；微波模式對微波產生功率影響很大，同等條件下， tem _ （ 001 ）模式的微波功率最高，起振時間和飽和時間最短；微波輸出功率隨提取口的增大而減小； rtto工作狀態與工作電流的大小關系密切，存在一個最佳工作電流值。
  14. It is a pop method to embed watermark in frequency field, in most literature, they embed watermark into the coefficients of fft, dct, or high - frequency of dwt using quantization method, we think that : embedding watermark into the low - frequency of audio signal dwt field can improve the robustness of watermark. the watermark is embedded in the maximum of subsection of approximate component the watermark signal using quantization method, for the same quantization size, the “ noise ” added to the signal is

    在頻率域嵌入水印信息，是目前一種主流的嵌入演算法，在很多文獻中，都是通過量化音頻信號的ftf系數， dct系數，或者是dwt域的高頻系數。我們認為:在小波域內的近似分量（低頻系數）中嵌入水印能夠提高數字水印的魯棒性，通過量化嵌入水印的方法，將水印嵌入到近似分量中每個分段中最大值上，因為這樣對于同一個量化步長，量化對象的幅值越大，所疊加的「噪聲」就越小，從而提高了數字水印的不可感知性。
  15. With a longer time horizon we are exploring super - conductivity and - even beyond the fringesof & quot; respectable & quot; science - tesal waves as ways of beaming energy with minimal loss

    在相當長一段時間內，我們還在探索超級導體，甚至特斯拉波束，這種「值得敬重」屬于科學邊緣損耗最小導能方法。
  16. Finally, the two dimensional flow in the diffuser is calculated, the results show that the change of ma makes an effect to the performance of the diffuser. owing to the accretion of ma, the action of oblique shock waves and the boundary layer pricks up, the flow separates from the wall where the shock waves impinge on the boundary layer more quickly, the cluster of diamond shock waves becomes larger. moreover, by comparing the change of flow field under different structure parameter, it is found that the augment of length of constant area section alter the structure of fluid field little, a smaller area ratio and larger angle of compression section make the diffuser working better

    最後，針對擴壓器中的二維流場進行了數值模擬，結果表明馬赫數對擴壓器性能影響較大，隨著馬赫數的增大，擴壓器管道內激波-附面層干擾加劇，流動從附面層分離相應加劇，激波串數目增多;通過比較不同結構參數下的擴壓器內流場，發現等直段長度的變化幾乎沒有改變流場結構，只是對局部流場稍有影響，並且在其它參數不變的情況下，一定范圍內減小面積比a2 / a1和增大收縮角有利於擴壓器性能的提高。
  17. A cycle - slip detection and correction technique is developed to detect and correct cycle slips in dual - frequency carrier phase, named as least - squares - search method for cycle slips, which can correct almost all cycle slips when data gap is shorter than a few minutes, with the help of the geometry - free phase combination and the pseudorange minus phase linear combination

    提出了一種周跳檢測與修復的新方法，即最小二乘搜索法。綜合應用電離層殘差法、偽距載波組合觀測值法、最小二乘搜索法等方法，可修復失鎖時間長達數分鐘的周跳。
  18. Users plot a coarse outline of video objects in the graphic user interface ( gui ) using the mouse at the first step, then fill the outline to obtain a binary model, using seed growing and wavelet edge correct the outline. in tracking video objects, we obtain an initial segmentation uses motion information and the model of previous frame, and correct by the information of space. finally, we obtain an accurate segmentation

    利用視覺系統的周邊抑制機制對模板外的象素進行屏蔽，消除背景影響，由自動閾值選取的小波邊緣提取獲得視頻對象的邊界，利用種子生長法進行輪廓擬合，由最短路徑法校正模板，在進行視頻對象的跟蹤時，利用運動信息和上一幀的模板，得到一個初始分割，利用空間信息對邊界象素調整，最後得到精確分割的視頻對象。
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