流域坡度 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [liúyùpōdù]
流域坡度 英文
slope of basin
  • 流 : Ⅰ動1 （液體移動; 流動） flow 2 （移動不定） drift; move; wander 3 （流傳; 傳播） spread 4 （向壞...
  • 域 : 名詞（在一定疆界內的地方; 疆域） land within certain boundaries; territory; region
  • 坡 : Ⅰ名詞（地面傾斜的地方） slope Ⅱ形容詞（傾斜） sloping; slanting
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 流域 : [水文] watershed; basin; drainage area; catchpit; catchment area; drainage basin; feeding ground;...
  • 坡度 : falling gradient; slope; inclination; declivity; pitch; batter
  1. On the base of summarizing and evaluating chinese soil erosion models, this paper brings forward future developing directions that the soil erosion models should pay attention to : ( 1 ) paying attention to the theory researches of soil erosion models, consummating from erosion factors basis erosion prediction to erosion processes quantity and theory researches, studying each erosion factor and its interaction impact on erosion processes, and sediment dispersion, transportation and deposition action on complex slopeland, as well as different catchments scales ; ( 2 ) reinforcing the study of gravitation erosion and cave erosion mechanism, and big and middle scale catchments erosion models ; and ( 3 ) making the best of advanced rs and gis technology, providing plentiful datum for erosion models researches, making and for soil erosion models checkout

    在總結和評價中國土壤侵蝕模型的基礎上，提出了今後土壤侵蝕模型應該注重的發展方向： （ 1 ）注重土壤侵蝕模型的理論研究，將從以侵蝕因子為基礎的侵蝕預報向侵蝕過程的量化研究和理論完善，研究各侵蝕因子及其交互作用對侵蝕過程的影響，泥沙在復雜坡面以及不同流域尺度間的分散、輸移和沉積作用； （ 2 ）加強對重力侵蝕、洞穴侵蝕機制的研究，加強對大中流域侵蝕模型的研究； （ 3 ）充分利用先進的rs 、 gis技術，為侵蝕模型的研究提供大量的數據源，以利於對土壤侵蝕模型的檢驗。
  2. When catchment area, average channel gradient and catchment shape factor of designed culvert or bridge are known, a user can be convenient to get local parameters c, e and b from standard contour charts and easy to calculate flood flow just by a calculator. design period of flood flow is enormously shortened as well as a high precision. estimated flood flow through culvert or small bridge by new calculation model is generally less than by traditional methods, so that much cost is cut down a s reducing the span of culvert or small bridge

    以75000km ~ 2的川中丘陵地區為試點研究區，繪制了該地區新模型的參數等值線圖，率定了不同設計頻率的改正系數，使設計者只需在地形圖上獲取集水面積，河道平均坡降和流域形狀系數，在參數等值線圖上查得橋涵所在地的相應參數，使用計算器即可迅速計算出設計流量，大大縮短了設計周期，且精度較高，設計的洪水流量一般低於傳統方法，從而可減小橋涵跨徑，節省投資。
  3. The topographic feature is one of the main factors that influence the process of soil erosion and sediment yield of small watershed. the quantitative parameters of small watershed topographic feature are average watershed slope, average slope length, gully density and so on, which are based on the quantitative method of slope character and do not reflect the essential character of the small watershed topographic feature, which are complex

    地貌形態是影響小流域侵蝕產沙的主要下墊面因素之一，其量化參數一般繼承坡面地貌特徵量化方法（如坡度、坡長因子）而採用平均坡度、平均坡長及溝壑密度等參數，這些參數僅是對流域地貌形態的概化和單因子表達，沒有真正反映流域地貌形態復雜的本質特徵和相互聯系。
  4. A new method is presented. the travel time, including the time delays associated with overland folw pathways, is obtained. it is expected that the hillslope velocity and the stream velocity are different, and different equation is used. in the method, the fact that velocity increases going downstream in river systems is taken into account. after the travel time of each cell being calculated, the frequency distribution of the times of arrival of individual water droplets at the catchment outlet - giuh, is obtained

    提出了一種匯流時間計算方法，匯流時間中包括坡地漫流時間和河道匯流時間。方法中坡地單元的匯流速度與河道單元的匯流速度採用不同的計算公式，同時考慮流速沿河道向下游的變化。流域中每一個網格單元的匯流時間得到后，將其看作隨機變量，進行統計分析后，得到匯流時間的頻率分佈? giuh 。
  5. Situated at the tip of the malay peninsula and at the crossroads of the pacific and indian oceans, singapore ' s geographical location meant that its role in trade and communication between east and west cannot be challenged

    基於歷史因素，新加坡因位於馬來半島末端，太平洋印度洋水域的交匯處，這決定了新加坡在東西方通商交流中不可替代的地位。
  6. Original planation surface has some features, for example, it appears in large area with low altitude, small gradient and taking a long formation period, etc. discrimination of planation surface is based on plotting and field investigation and by using statistical methods and " 3s " technique

    原始的夷平面具有分佈面積較大（全流域范圍） 、坡度較小、高度較低、形成所需時間較長、有夷平作用的痕跡等特點。基於野外考察和室內作圖，可利用數學統計方法和「 3s 」技術進行夷平面的識別，這加強了夷平面研究的精確性、客觀性和定量性。
  7. Depending on how the ground surface is denuded, the feature of the current crustal stress field and rock stress environment can be calculated analyzing the result in this paper : by analyzing the recovering feature of the elastic deformation of the rockmass in unload - stage under various pressures, it has been found there is close relationship between the recovering degree of the elastic deformation of the rockmass and the unloading degree of the pressure the direction of the major principal stress in the crustal stress field is not consistent with the direction of the crushing stress regional tectonics borne during the last tectonic movement. the evolving degree of the regional geomorphology evidently affects the current crustal stress field, which changes from the self - weight stress field to the horizontal stress field, with the changing of the eroding degree of the regional geomorphology ranging from valley area to hilly country to flat country. in valley area, where there is two stress belts, the bankslope s tress belt and the self - weight stress belt within the mountain. the direction of the major principal stress is nearly parallel to the ground surface and inclines towards the valley in the bankslope stress belt. it is nearly vertical in the self - weight stress belt

    通過本文的研究成果，根據區域性地貌的演化特徵，我們可以大致地對現今地應力場進行判斷：在分級卸荷條件下，巖體中彈性變形的恢復具有明顯的規律性，這種規律對于研究地應力場的演變是有幫助的；地應力場中最大主應力方向與區域構造形跡在最近的構造運動中所受區域性擠壓應力的方向無明顯的對應性；區域性地貌形態的演化程度對現今地應力場的特徵具明顯的影響，隨著區域性地貌侵蝕程度由峽谷區、丘陵區、平原區的變化，現今地應力場特徵由自重應力場、水平應力場為主含少量自重應力場特徵向水平應力場的規律變化；在峽谷區，山體中具有兩個應力帶：自重應力帶和卸荷應力帶，最大主應力方向在卸荷應力帶中近平行於坡面並傾向于河谷、在自重應力帶中近於直立；根據原始地面遭剝蝕的程度，可以大致地估算最大主應力和中間主應力的量值和方向；在丘陵區和平原區，最大主應力的方向近於水平，並與附近區域性侵蝕盆地和河流的展布方向基本平行，根據原始地面遭剝蝕的程度，可以大致估算其最大主應力的量值；根據區域性地貌形態的特徵來分析工程區的現今地應力場特徵，並進而大致了解巖石的應力環境，這種分析方法得出的結論與許多實際的地應力測試成果基本一致，對于大型水電工程地下廠房和壓力隧洞的設計是有所幫助的。
  8. This kind of instability bulk movement is induced by wave cyclic loading, as a result the slope of bottom bed decrease, water depth increase, and instability bulk movement has the character of subregion, regularity and head erosion, thus it will influence evolvement of region of interest landform, and change flow field and bottom stratum condition continually, so will lead to dynamic influence on structure foundation soil

    這種不穩定塊體運動由波浪循環荷載誘發，其結果使底床整體坡度減緩，水深加大，而且不穩定的塊體運動具有小區域、多發性和溯源侵蝕的特點，將繼續影響著海域以後的水深地形的發展演化，並不斷改變著該區的流場與底床地層條件，對構築物地基土的穩定性產生著動態的影響。
  9. As the agricultural nfs is the most important factor for water environmental deterioration and lake eutrophication in china, more and more scientists and technologists focus on the control countermeasurc and pollution mechanism of agricultural non - point source ( nfs ). based on the investigation of natural resource and agricultural distribution, the loss rule of nitrogen and phosphorus in the typical land of qiandao lake watershed and distribution rule of the phytoplankton and physico - chemical characteristic in the lake were studied, and the input loading of nitrogen and phosphorus was also calculated by the annagnps model in this thesis. according to the routine monitoring data of the water environment in qiandao lake from 1989 to 2001, the concentrations of toxic substance and heavy metal were under the monitoring limit, but the total nitrogen ( tn ) and total phosphorus ( tp ) were much higher than the criterion for lake and reservoir

    本文調查了千島湖流域的自然資源和農業生產情況，研究了典型坡地降雨徑流中的氮、磷污染物的輸出規律，利用annagnps模型估算流域農業非點源污染物輸入負荷，並在千島湖內設點采樣，對水質理化指標和浮游植物群落進行系統的研究，得出以下結論： 1989 2001年間的水環境常規監測資料統計分析表明，有毒物質和重金屬濃度長期在監測下限內， no _ 2 - n 、 no _ 3 - n 、 nh _ 3 - n年平均濃度均符合類標準，但湖泊水庫特定項目tn和tp濃度分別為超類和類，呈嚴重超標狀況，湖區主要污染因子是將導致富營養化的物質tn和tp 。
  10. At present there are more reports on soil erosion by experts from home and abroad, but most of these reports were about simulation and research based on a single factor. there are little reports on soil erosion on entire watershed, adopted comprehensive research measures according to the principle of ecological system, especially on soil erosion from the intensive farming system on slope lands, watersheds exploited for agroforestry industry, as well as appraisal reports on soil fertility index

    目前國內外學者有關水土流失的報道很多，但大多數以單一因素和模擬試驗研究較多，而從生態系統角度出發，採用綜合方法，在小流域尺度上研究水土流失規律較少；對小流域坡耕地綜合農業措施水土保持效應和小流域綜合開發利用過程中水土流失規律研究以及侵蝕土壤肥力評價的研究則更少。
  11. Based on the fractal character of the small watershed topographic feature, the spatial and temporal variation character of sediment yield of the watershed model, the dynamic developing process and fractal character of the topog raphic feature of the watershed model, and the coupling relationship between the sediment yield and the topographic feature of the watershed model are " studied by simulate experiment, fractal theory, high precise photogrammetry and gis technology. the validation research is conducted in chabagou watershed where the observation data of rainfall, sediment and runoff for 11 years is collected. the study provides new theory and method for the topographic feature quantitative research in the prediction model of small watershed sediment yield

    本文依據流域地貌形態所具有的顯著分形特徵，從模擬實驗出發，利用分形理論和方法，結合高精度攝影測量和gis技術，對流域模型侵蝕產沙時空變異特徵、地貌形態發育過程及其相應的分形特徵、流域模型侵蝕產沙與地貌形態耦合關系進行了深入研究，並以具有11年降雨泥沙徑流觀測資料的岔巴溝流域為例進行了驗證研究，為實現從單坡面侵蝕產沙模擬、預報向流域侵蝕產沙模擬、預報轉化過程中地貌形態參數的提取提供了理論和方法，為黃土高原小流域水土流失綜合治理提供了科學實踐依據。
  12. The method can also be used in regionalizing landslide and forecasting debris flow

    該方法可以推廣，如滑坡危險度區劃、泥石流區域預測等。
  13. Topmodel is based on the calculation of ln ( / tan # ) index and its distribution. in terms of a dem, a is the cumulative upslope area draining through per contour length to a pixel, which reflects the tendency of water to accumulate at any point in the catchment, tan # is the local slope angle of the cell, which reflects the tendency for gravitational forces to move that water downslide

    Topmodel是以計算ln （ tan ）指數及其分佈為基礎的。對于柵格dem ，為上坡區域通過單位等高線長匯集到單元網格內的面積，反映徑流在流域中任一點的累積趨勢， tan為單元網格的坡度，反映重力使徑流順坡移動的趨勢。
  14. The geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph ( giuh ) is viewed as the frequency distribution of the times of arrival of individual water deoplets at the catchment outlet. the travel path, for a typical hillslope cell. consists of a hillslope fraction, corresponding to overland flow and a stream fraction, corresponding to concentrated channeled flow. to obtain the time of travel, velocities must be defined. hillslope and stream velocities vary with location and must be strongly correlated with slope, and therefore a spatial distribution of velocities and hence of travel times could be obtained. the present methods of giuh neglect any time delays associated with overland flow pathways

    地貌單位線被看作是流域上各水質點在弱相互作用下，到達流域出口匯流時間的頻率分佈。對於一個典型的山坡型網格單元，匯流路徑由兩部分組成，即坡地部分和河道部分，為了得到匯流時間，必須首先確定匯流速度。坡地和河道的匯流速度隨著區域位置而變，並且必然與坡度有關，因此，可首先計算流速的空間分佈，進而得到匯流時間的空間分佈。
  15. It is suggested in this paper that the sediment of the high stand system tract is mainly composed of fine - grained sediment, hardly of the large scale of fluvial - delta because of the low dip of the ramp, low subsiding rate and low sedimentary rate in basin

    研究表明，盆地基底沉降幅度小、坡度極為平緩、沉積速率很低，因此導致層序內的高位體系域多以細碎屑沉積為主，大型河流三角洲沉積基本不發育。
  16. It is put forward that the stands for selecting the project lands should be slope, desertification degree and rainfall, and the control of soil erosion and the prevention of land desertification should be the dual objects of the project

    提出武川縣的退耕還林工程地域選擇指標為坡度、沙化程度和降雨量，將水土流失治理和土地荒漠化的防治作為退耕還林工程的雙重目標。
  17. Through analysis, we conclude that washing action of wave and flow is main power of evolvement of region of interest landform, structure lead to the fact that water area around shallow structure in cheng dao sea field has an increase about 0. 3m / a through actual measurement, water depth increase rate around foundation is 0. 25m / a, slope gradient of side slope averagely has a decrease of 5 % o a year, however marine hydropower wash rate through compute is 0. 2m / a on underwater bottom, the wash rate on structure foundation is 0. 35m / a

    分析認為，浪流的沖刷作用是研究區水深地形演化的主要動力，構築物的存在，使埕島海域淺水區人工構築物周邊水域實測年水深增加幅度約0 . 3m a ，地基附近水深增加速率0 . 25m a ，邊坡坡度平均每年以5減緩，而計算得出的海洋水動力沖蝕速率在水下底坡為0 . 2m a ，在構築物地基沖蝕速率達0 . 35m a 。
  18. The paper establishes a mathematical model for calculating soil erosion modulus and a method for calculating new soil loss by using annual rainfall data and individual rainfall data, taking the outcomes of tests and study of natural rainfall, artificial rainfall and washout as a basis, rainfall erosion force, soil resistance to erosion and ground slope as main factors and combining with the study on new soil loss in typical regional development and construction

    摘要以天然降雨、人工降雨、放水沖刷等試驗研究成果為基礎，結合典型區域開發建設新增土壤流失分析的研究成果，以降雨侵蝕力、土壤抗沖性和地面坡度為主要因子，建立了用年降雨資料和次降雨資料計算土壤侵蝕模數的數學模型和開發建設新增土壤流失量的計算方法。
  19. In order to provide the foundation for the policies to be usefully put in practice, taking yangou basin as a case study and using day - by - day meteorological data of yanan station in 1997 to 2002, it simulated and analyzed the quantitative relation between soil and water loss and topographic condition by the aid of win - yield software

    為使生態退耕政策得到有效落實，本文基於win - yield軟體，以延安燕溝流域為例，利用1997 ~ 2002年延安站的逐日氣象數據和燕溝流域地貌、土壤及土地利用等資料，模擬分析了不同地形高程、坡度和坡向條件下坡耕地種植不同作物可能產生的水土流失量及其地形分異特徵。
  20. 4. the study on the frozen soil feature and its influence on the runfall of the catchment in qilian mountains. the results indicated that the soil begins to freeze around october 20, and finishes melting around august 20 of next year. altitude slope side, vegetation condition of the land and temperature are the factors influencing the depth and the time of soil

    4對祁連山區凍土特徵及其對流域徑流的影響研究表明，祁連山林區土壤每年的10月20日左右開始凍結，較低海拔的到第二年的8月20日左右消融結束；海拔、坡向、植被、下墊面狀況、溫度是影響凍土深度、早晚的制約因素；凍土厚度與徑流量成反比關系。
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