流通制度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [liútōngzhìdù]
流通制度
英文
circulation system-
Because of imperfect in regulation, laws and market, the model brings out lots of problems such as insider - control, excessive freedom for large stockholder, no efficiency of supervisory, hollowing out the listed firm, etc. the fourth chapter : to solve the problems of corporate governance in china, we must do these things as follow : to diminish the difference of currency stock and incurrence stock, to realize that common stocks have common rights, to perfect the stimulation and control mechanism, to perfect the - structure of the board of the directors through introducing independent directors, to perfect market system and law system
4 、研究問題的目的是為了解決問題，而要解決我國公司治理中的問題，不但要克服制度構造的缺陷，逐步縮小流通股與非流通股的利益差別，實現同股同權：要完善公司的激勵、約柬機制，改善董事會的結構，引進獨立董事，加強公司對其他利益相關者利益的考慮：而且還要建立和完善市場體系，加強法律和執法體系的建設，使外部治理市場和法律、法規在公司治理中發揮強勢的監督和約柬功能，最終形成公司治理的良勝生態環境。The result of this paper were : 1 ) the market mircrostructure of chinese stock is ' nt market maker, two - part stock can n ' t circulate and the scale of current stock is small, so, filling right effect make dividend event do n ' t diluate the price, the stock price could n ' t reach optimal price ; 2 ) the meanings of bid - ask speed in chinese has been changed, did n ' t reflect the real trade cost, only reflect the possible trade cost, contained desire of price popple, din n ' t belong absolute liquidity again ; 3 ) turnover rate is a liquidity ' s index, speculation ' s index too, which can explain one side of liquidity, but this index is defective in chinese stock market ; 4 ) martin index was decrescent when dividend event occurred, display the liquidity of stock was improved, so, the martin index is compatible index to measure chinese stock liquidity ; 5 ) stock dividend event affect the liquidity in the stock dividend day, stock dividend event can n ' t dividend event in the bulletin day ; 6 ) the quantity stock dividend and trend of stock market was significant factors that affect the liquidity
本研究的結論是： 1 ）中國股票市場的微觀交易結構並不是採取做市商制度，且2 3的股票不能流通，流通股規模很小，存在著股票股利事件后的快速「填權」效應，使股票價格快速回升，股票股利發放事件的稀釋價格作用無法發揮，也就無法達到「最適價格」 ； 2 ）中國股市的買賣價差的含義發生了變化，不再是實際交易成本的反映，只是可能交易成本的反映，因而很大程度上代表了股價的波動意願，並不具有完全意義上的流動性含義。 3 ）就換手率而言，它既是流動性的衡量指標，也是最常用的衡量投機性的指標。換手率指標只能說明流動性的一個側面，在中國衡量流動性是有缺陷的。6 the zn3n2 is prepared on focus glass substrate at low temperature. and for the first time, a p - zno with a carrier density of 1017 ? cm - 3 is obtained by thermal zn3n2 in an oxygen ambient
5 、用等離子體增強的化學汽相沉積的方法制備了zn3n2薄膜，首次通過熱氧化zn3n2的方法，制備出了受主型載流子濃度為1017cm - 3的p - zno薄膜。In the dissertation, the author firstly gave a systematical retrospect on two heterodox paradigms which are very promising to challenge the mainstream neo - classical paradigm, namely, darwin - veblen paradigm describing cumulative and massive evolutions of society, and information paradigm describing the nuances amongst microstructures. secondly, the author went on from the start - point where information space theory ( boisot, 1995 ) stopped, explored the possibility of the establishment of a brand - new framework embracing the two paradigms, which could give a solid foundation to models of institution expansion and institution evolution, and the author did build two such models, not through constructive methods, but through simulative methods, thus, the modeling crisis of institutional economics was solved, or at least released
文章先系統回顧了可能對主流經濟學形成挑戰的兩個經濟學分析範式：描繪群體演進的達爾文-范勃倫範式和描繪個體微觀差異的信息範式；繼而，以信息空間理論為起點，探索了打通兩個範式的可能，從而建立起能有效描繪宏觀制度擴展和制度演進的信息經濟學基礎，並籍以建立起兩個模擬性模型，以對歷來被視為無法模型化的制度和制度變遷進行了形式化的描述。The restriction factors are lack of government and policy support, the small production scale, the low degree of farmer ' s organization, the construction of industrialization management scheme was weak, internal mechanism was needed to be improved, the proportion of breed was inconsequence, low utilization ratio of resource, low research level, behindhand production technique, low science and technology content of produce, trade was lack of self - discipline, competition without orders, low level of marketing and currency, the market system was not healthiness, the scales of leading enterprises were small, so they were short of ability of bringing along others
當前制約菏澤市牡丹產業發展的主要因素是政府行為不規范、支持力度不夠;生產規模普遍較小，農民組織化程度低，產業化經營組織建設還很薄弱，內部機制有待完善;牡丹品種結構不合理，資源利用率低;科研水平低，生產技術落後，產品科技含量低;行業自律性差，無序競爭嚴重;產品營銷、流通水平低，市場體系不健全;龍頭企業弱小，帶動能力不強。In this paper, through practical investigation, spot visit and scientific analysis, the problem which exits in the enterprise ' s inside encouraging system is studied, and by inducing, the following problems are pointed out : first lacking scientific result examination system, unfair distribution system ; second disjointed distribution and personal work - effect, lacking enterprise loudening power, lass of use - full personnel, lacking power of bringing forth the new ideas. in this paper, according the practical situation and combining with the theory of encouraging system, the author analyzed the problem in this enterprise and thought that the main reasons
本文作者結合所學的激勵相關理論知識，通過實際調查、現場訪問和科學分析的方法，研究該企業在激勵機制上存在的問題，經過認真分析、整理，認為該企業激勵機制上存在的主要問題是：首先在機制上缺乏科學的績效考核體系、分配製度不公；其次，在制度上分配與個人績效嚴重脫節；第三在管理方法上缺乏靈活性、企業缺乏凝聚力、人才流失，缺乏創新力。In fact, it is the special system of our country that increase the incoherence and unconditionally of all the stockholders and the lack of the true investors. these two elements increase the stockholders " dissimilated behavior. in dividend policy, the difference of payment level resulted from the variance of the controlling degree embodies not the difference of stockholders " decision making to increase the company " value but the particular preference of the nonnegotiable shareholders and the management
而最根本的原因是由於我國特定製度安排導致了股東群體的非一致性和非制約性的強化以及真正投資主體的缺位，兩個因素的共同作用加劇了股東行為的異化，表現在股利政策上，由股權控制度變化產生的支付水平差異主要體現為非流通股股東及管理層的特殊偏好，而從質的角度，以公司價值為目標的真正股東化主體的決策差異分析無效。Concretely, it is creditor ' s right from the angle of request of company ' s performing obligation ; it is expectant right from the realization of right ; it is option from the content of exercising right. simultaneously, eso has the characters of right, profitability, time limit and nonnegotiable. eso system is not an arrange for system of property right but a long term incentive mechanism, because the aim of enterprise executive is not property of enterprise but rich profit by exercising their right, that is the value of eso for senior manager is not to control company but to acquire profit from the price difference
第一部分分析了股票期權和股票期權制度的含義，指出股票期權的性質從不同角度分析可以認定為債權、期待權、選擇權，具體而言，從需權利人請求公司履行義務的角度它是一種債權，從權利實現的角度它是一種期待權，從權利行使內容的角度它是一種選擇權，同時它具有權利性、收益性、時限性、非流通性等特點；股票期權制度是一種長期激勵制度而非產權制度安排，因為企業經營者的目標是通過行使權利獲得豐厚收益，而非企業的所有權，即該制度對高級管理人員的最大價值是獲得差價利潤而不是控制公司。Three - body - interbalance model is deduced to illuminate the ethical adjustment mechanism. the demoralization behaviors in our stock market are so common that bring huge cost. systematically, it will break down the confidence of investors, and then destroy the stock ecosystem
通多對「股權結構的人為分割」制度和「全流通」制度分別進行倫理剖析，推導出三元制衡模型作為道德調節作用在股市上的實現機制。The velocity is a blend of velocity of income and velocity of transactions and reflects the comprehensive features of flow and stock of money, institution and transaction, and macro - and micro - variables
貨幣流通速度是收入流通速度和交易流通速度的綜合，反映了貨幣流量與存量、制度與交易、宏觀變量與微觀變量的綜合特徵。Our company is specialized accessorial material and decorative accessories, with our subtle sense in market and good knowledge in the accessorial material supply, we hare lessened the manufacturing cost by our efficient circulation and reasonable pricing. this enable us to win our customers from all over china, even the whole world. wedo bellev we are the best parther of you for a cooperation
本公司是一家經營服裝輔料配件為主的專業公司，在服裝輔料供應方面具有敏銳的市場經驗和堅實的專業知識，並以高效的流通速度和合理的價格有效的降低了制衣企業的生產成本，我們的客戶遍及全國和世界各地，我們堅信能夠成為您的合作夥伴The financial innovation added the rise factor in the tendency which the monetary velocity dropped in china
而金融制度的不斷創新給中國貨幣流通速度下降的趨勢中添加了上升的因素。Money circulates within the frictional social system and the velocity is a comprehensive reflection of a country ' s monetary and financial system
貨幣是在有摩擦的社會制度中運動的，貨幣流通速度是一國貨幣金融制度的綜合反映。On this basis, this paper sets up a dynamic model to prove that the decline of money circulation speed is a kind of inevitable phenomenon in the process of transforming to the market economic system
在此基礎上，本文又建立一個動態模型證明貨幣流通速度下降是中國向市場經濟體制轉型進程中的一種必然現象。Corporate governance exists in the company in every kind. shareholder structure in chinese stock market originates from non - liqudity of rights of control, this is passive give - up or compulsory give - up, it was system selection under public ownership in that time. along with deepening of economic reform and pluralization of sharehold structure, as a special commodity, rights of control bring about the need of liqudity, this is internal reson of circulating system, is also
公司治理就以各種形式存在於企業之中。中國證券市場上股權分置起源於控制權的非流動性，這是被動放棄或強制放棄，是當時在公有制條件下的制度選擇。隨著經濟改革的深化和股權結構的多元化，控制權作為一種特殊商品日益產生了流動性需求，這是全流通制度的內在動因，也是現代商品經濟的合理訴求。It also changes the definition of money and make money calculation more complicated. it increases bodies of money supply, and enlarges money multiplier. certainly financial innovation has brought about a series of effects on the selection of the intermediary target, the tools function and transmission mechanism of monetary policy, and made its implement more difficult
金融創新給傳統的貨幣政策帶來了挑戰，它改變了貨幣需求函數中各類變量的作用，降低了貨幣需求和貨幣結構，使貨幣流通速度發生了變化，它還改變了貨幣的內涵，使得貨幣的計量更為復雜，金融創新增加了貨幣供應主體，加大了貨幣乘數，這一系列的變化，必然對貨幣中介指標的選擇、貨幣政策工具的作用、貨幣政策的傳導機制產生相應的影響。Vegetable industry in shandong also has many problems that can not be neglected : for example in producing and sale in china, we faced many problems such as more productions less sale, fierce competition, difficulty in circulation, less market information, less farmer organization in vegetable industry and etc. in export. it is faced that bad sanitation safety and bad commercial property, limitation about foreign green technical barriers and processing technology lag ; in vegetable science and technology and universal lectures, maladjustment in vegetable science situation and development of vegetable, large gas in vegetable producing technical standards and production standards, lacking of medi - organizations, strengthening the education in agricultural popularization and so on are confronted
山東蔬菜產業也存在許多不容忽視的問題:在國內產銷方面，主要面臨量增賣難、競爭激烈、蔬菜流通難度加大、優質化進程緩慢、市場信息不暢、菜農組織化程度低等;在蔬菜出口方面，主要面臨衛生安全和商品性不佳、國外綠色技術壁壘限制、蔬菜產后處理及加工技術滯后;在蔬菜科技和科普方面，主要面臨蔬菜科技工作現狀與產業發展不相適應、蔬菜生產技術標準和產品標準的制定差距較大、科技中介組織缺乏、農技推廣體系和蔬菜科普培訓有待加強等。According to the rate of increase form of the equation of the income, money supply rate of increase which as monetary policy intermediate objective mainly is decided by the economic growth rate, rate of price rises and rate of change of speed of the monetary velocity. therefore, through the study on monetary velocity, we can analyze the actual effect of the monetary policy more deeply, and play a certain reference arriving role to the formulation and implementation of the monetary policy
根據收入方程式的增長率形式，作為貨幣政策中間目標的貨幣供應量增長率，主要取決于經濟增長率、物價上漲率和貨幣流通速度變化率。因而，通過對貨幣流通速度的研究，能夠更加深入地分析貨幣政策的實際效果，並對貨幣政策的制定和實施起到一定的參考作用。Over these twenty years, financial system reform in china has achieved a great success, for instance we have established all kinds of financial organization institutions and multi - financial markets and so on. at the same time, it also appears many puzzled monetary phenomenon such as “ missing money ” and the drop of the money circulation velocity, etc. the phenomenon leads to that the classic theory of demand for money cannot explain the current money demand
在這20多年裡，我國金融體制改革取得了豐碩的成果，比如逐步建立了各種金融組織體系和多元化的金融市場等等，同時也出現了「失蹤貨幣」以及貨幣流通速度下降等許多令人費解的貨幣現象，使得傳統的貨幣需求理論不能很好地解釋當前我國的貨幣需求現象。Assuming that pursuit of gains from monetary spending by economic agents is the driving force of money circulation in the social and economic system, and defining velocity of money circulation as the change in stock of money from its receiving to payment by economic agents influenced by gains from monetary spending, it then can be proved that velocity of circulation is a vector
摘要假定經濟單位追求貨幣支出收益是貨幣在社會經濟制度中流動的動力來源，把貨幣流通速度定義為經濟單位在貨幣支出收益的作用下從收入到支出的時間內貨幣量的改變量；從該定義出發，可證明貨幣流通速度是一個有方向的矢量。分享友人