災害損失 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zāihàisǔnshī]
災害損失
英文
casualty loss-
Following the research route of mend with study and development with creation, give the definition of risk and the methods of risk identifying, divide the risk attitude into risk loving, risk neutralism and risk avoiding, point out the importance of enhancing the risk consciousness for lightning hazard, and summarize the mechanisms of lightning hazard the theories and methods of risk assessment for lightning hazard. provide a set of risk assessment parameters for lightning hazard, which includes lightning times n, hazard probability p, hazard loss d, hazard risk r and protection efficiency e, and give the definition, decisive factor, value method and value scope of each parameter. establish a risk assessment model for lightning hazard which includes lightning hazard base module, lightning hazard probability module, lightning hazard loss module, lightning hazard accepted risk module, lightning protection cost module, correcting coefficient module, lightning hazard risk module, and lightning protection class and efficiency module
遵循借鑒改造和發展創新的研究思路，給出了風險的定義和風險識別的方法，將風險態度分為風險喜好型、風險中庸型和風險逃避型，指出了提高雷電災害風險意識的重要性，總結了雷電災害的作用機制和雷電災害風險評估的理論與方法；提供了包括雷擊次數n 、雷災概率p 、雷災損失d 、雷災風險r和雷電防護級別與防護效率e等5類基本參數的雷電災害風險評估參數體系，並給出了各個參數的定義、參數的決定因素和取值方法以及取值范圍；設計了包括雷電災害基礎模塊、雷電災害概率評估模塊、雷電災害損失評估模塊、雷電災害允許風險評估模塊、雷電防護成本評估模塊、校正系數模塊、雷電災害風險評估模塊、雷電防護級別與效率分析模塊等8個模塊的雷電災害風險評估模型，評估模型以iec61662的評估模型為基本參考，以雷災損失d為中心，把雷災風險劃分為經濟雷災風險r _ e和人身雷災風險r _ l ，並對r _ e和r _ l分開單獨處理。The main process of regional ecological risk assessment includes 5 stages : regional analysis, risk receptor selection, risk sources analysis, exposure and hazard analysis, and integrated risk assessment. arming at flood, drought, storm tide, petroleum pollution accident and flow breaking in the lower huanghe river, the probability and distribution of each kind of risk sources are evaluated. the authors bring forward indexes and formulas to measure hazarded degree and risk value of ecosystem. by using remote sensing data, historic record, survey data and by means of geographical information system, regional ecological risk assessment is finished. on the basis of assessment result, the environmental risk management countermeasure of the huanghe river delta is advanced
以黃河三角洲為例進行了區域生態風險評價理論和方法的探討。針對黃河三角洲主要生態風險源洪澇乾旱風暴潮災害油田污染事故以及黃河斷流的概率進行了分級評價並提出度量生態損失與生態風險的指標和公式，分析了風險源的危害作用運用遙感資料歷史記錄調查數據和地理信息系統gis技術，完成了區域生態風險綜合評價在此基礎上提出黃河三角洲的區域生態風險管理對策。The experts on the panel have reached this alarming conclusion : human - accountable climate change will lead to more " freak " weather conditions such as cyclones, floods, and droughts ; massive displacement of populations in the most severely affected areas ; potentially enormous loss of human life ; greater risk of diseases such as malaria as the habitat for mosquitoes expands ; and extinction of species such as the bengal tiger, as their habitat is destroyed
但最後訊息仍十分駭人，專家代表們認為人為的氣候變遷產生的效應會導致更多旋風旱澇等怪異天災受害最烈地區居民將大批流離失所人類生命損失將十分龐大蚊蚋會擴大棲息范圍，使瘧疾等疾病危害的風險加大孟加拉虎等物種將因棲息地遭破壞而絕滅。The destructive earthquakes mentioned in this law refer to earthquakes that cause casualties and property losses
本法所稱破壞性地震，是指造成人員傷亡和財產損失的地震災害。Meteorological disaster ( mainly wind damagae, waterlog disaster and drought damage ) was classified by five categories as slight, not serious, medium, relatively serious and serious by the degree of its influence on guangzhou, and divided into 3 ranges in time : short - term ( 2000 2002 ), medium - term ( 2003 2006 ), and long - term ( 2007 2010 ). through the investigation by 57 experts who had been engaged in disatser research for a long time, with application expert of assessment method ( delphi method ) the results showed that wind damage would have the greatest influence on guangzhou among the meteorological disasters. in the coming 10 years, there would be tropical cyclone influence on guangzhou almost every year, which would bring a certain extent of damage that was 10 15 % more serious than that in normal year. waterlog disaster brings less influence compared them with tropical cyclone in short term, but its influence was close to that of tropical cyclone in mid - term and even surpasses that of tropical cyclone in long - term. waterlog damage in forcasting period will be about 10 % more serious than that in normal year
將氣象災害（主要是風災、澇災和旱災）對廣州市的影響程度分成輕微、偏輕、中等、偏重和嚴重五個級別，在時間上將未來10年分成三個時期：近期（ 2000 2002年） 、中期（ 2003 2006年） 、遠期（ 2007 2010年） ，通過對廣州市57名長期從事災害研究的專家的調查，再運用專家評估法，結果表明：在三種災害中，對廣州市影響最大的是風災，未來10年幾乎每年都有熱帶氣旋影響廣州，造成較大程度的損失，其損失程度約比中等年份偏多10 15 ;澇災對廣州市的影響在近期比臺風小，中期與臺風的影響接近，至遠期的影響超過臺風，整個預測期內比中等年份偏多10左右。Model for fast assessment of earthquake damage and losses considering uncertainty of epicenters obtained from rapid determination of earthquake location
地震速報參數不確定性的應急災害損失快速評估模型Article 63 if atmospheric pollution losses result directly from uncontrollable natural disasters which cannot be averted even after reasonable measures have been promptly taken, the party concerned shall be exempted from any liability
第六十三條完全由於不可抗拒的自然災害，並經及時採取合理措施，仍然不能避免造成大氣污染損失的，免於承擔責任。Based on the introduction of the regional geological background of southern yuan of jingyang and the physical - mechanical properties of the loess, the following contents including time - spatial distribution characteristics of the loess landslide, formation mechanism, environmental evaluation of yuan edge, economic assessment of hazard losses, stability judgment of the slope and prevention - cure measurements are discussed in this thesis
本論文在簡述了涇陽南塬區域地質環境和土體物理力學性質的基礎上著重論述了區內黃土滑坡時空分佈特徵、形成原因、塬邊斜坡環境演化過程、災害損失經濟評價、邊坡穩定性區劃以及黃土滑坡災害防治措施等幾個方面的內容。Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times
基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。Transportations give convenience and make huge value to people, at the same time they take transportation accident and environment pollution which has been in the catastrophical level. transportation catastrophe brings the losing life, property and the broken environment which are taken by transportation accidents and negative effects of the transportation activity. the essential character of the transportation catastrophe is sociality. the existing researches divide the transportation accident and transportation pollution into two different fields and seldom study the formation mechanism of the transportation catastrophe and forewarning countermeasure on the viewpoint of catastrophe and social management. based on the viewpoint of catastrophe, macromanagement and integrated the road and water transportation catastrophe which its frequency are higher among the transportation, this paper sets up the forewarning management system of carrier in the transportation catastrophe to find a principle and method of the effec tive defending transportation catastrophe and reducing catastrophe losing by using the methods of association theory with demonstration investigation, the theory of system, forewarning management and countermeasure theory. this paper try to offer a new theory and application approach
現有研究把交通事故與交通污染割裂開來研究，鮮有從災害的角度和社會層面來系統研究交通災害的致災機理與防範對策。本論文從災害和宏觀管理的研究層面，針對交通運輸中發生事故與環境污染頻率較高的公路、水運交通運輸活動，綜合災害學、系統理論、預警管理理論以及對策學理論，採用理論與實證相結合的方法，研究交通災害中載運工具的致災機理及其預警管理系統的構建，尋求有效預防交通災害和降低災害損失的原理與方法，試圖在交通災害治理方面提供新的理論和實踐方法。本論文以發生交通災害的致災要素? ?載運工具為研究對象，通過公路、水運交通中車輛、船舶造成交通災害的成因、表現特徵和擴展規律的研究，構建了交通災害中載運工具的致災機理模型。The evaluated loss model of flooding and waterlogging in taihu basin
太湖流域洪澇災害損失模擬及預測Abstract : earthquake fire is a serious secondary disaster duringa earthquake. loss induced by earthquake fire may be much more than the loss induced directly by the damage of earthquake. based on the estimation method of earthquake damage and the experience in structural damage during earthquakes in china, the method to estimate the loss of earthquake fire is given
文摘:地震火災是一種嚴重的地震次生災害.歷史地震資料表明，地震火災造成的損失有時甚至超過地震的直接破壞所造成的損失.本文根據目前我國地震現場災害損失的評估方法，結合我國地震結構損失評估的經驗，建立了地震火災損失的評估方法3 ) the integrated system can be applied in other reservoirs in arid area. it can develop the paces of arid district reservoir flood deployment system integration, improve the level of the reservoir management, and improve the maintainability, portability, expansibility of the system and shorten the software development period, reduce greatly the risk of the flood
3 ）集成的系統能夠在乾旱區其它水庫推廣應用，加速乾旱區水庫洪水調度系統集成的步伐，提高水庫洪水預報調度水平，提高系統的可維護性、可移植性、可擴展性，縮短軟體開發周期，極大地減少洪水災害損失。It is feasible that injuries and deaths due to disasters and the ratio of economic loss due to disasters to the increment of social fortune can be decreased steadily through various disaster reduction operations, thus controlling the trend of geo - hazards
通過採取各種減災行動，可以實現因災傷亡人數持續減少，災害損失相對社會財富增長的比例持續降低，從而實現控制地質災害增長的趨勢。Interval numbers fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of disaster loss assessment
災害損失評估的區間數模糊綜合評判方法The whole system is a computer system for flood disaster mitigation decision and flood risk management which includes basic information management, flood risk calculation caused by dike broken, flood risk map making, flood risk information
系統是一個包括基礎信息管理、堤防潰決洪水風險計算、堤防潰決洪水風險圖、堤防潰決洪水風險查詢、堤防潰決洪水災害損失評估、區域防洪減災對策等模塊的為防洪減災輔助決策和洪災風險管理服務的計算機系統。Research on database construction for loss evaluation of landslide disaster based on gis
的滑坡地質災害損失評估建庫方法研究And then, set up the hazard loss table under construction hazard of the railway reconstruction
籍由風險分析之影響圖分析災害可能性，以及建立鐵路改建工程施工災害損失總表。Aiming at decreasing disasters, the relation of investment of water conservancy and drought loss is compared and analyzed
從減災安全的角度出發，分析了水利投入與水旱災害損失之間的關系。For the purpose of keep abating disaster loss, defence standard and public policies are studied in this thesis
為了減小城市的災害損失，本文主要在城市設防標準、設防政策等方面進行了研究。分享友人