無效基因 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wúxiàojīyīn]
無效基因 英文
amorphic gene
  • 無 : 無Ⅰ動詞（沒有） not have; there is not; be without Ⅱ名詞1 （沒有） nothing; nil 2 （姓氏） a surn...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 因 : Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （沿襲） follow; carry on Ⅱ介詞1 [書面語] （憑借; 根據） on the basis of; in accord...
  • 無效 : of no avail; to no avail; invalid; null and void; nullity （合同等的）; in vain; unavailability; ...
  1. Studies on genes related to embryo and endosperm development are leading us to an extensive understanding of the mechanisms of seed development and apomixis at the molecular level, which will benefits the research for yield and quality improvement of plant seeds via genetic engineering

    對胚和胚乳發育相關基因的研究，可使人們在分子水平上解析種子發育和無融合生殖的分子機制，更有效地開展植物種子產量和品質改良的基因工程。
  2. It was suggested that eric - pcr could substitute for rapd in research related to the genetic identification and genetic diversity in auricularia and other edible and medicinal fungi : 2 to a certain extent, genetic differences among auricularia strains tested in this study did not have necessary relativity with their geographical origins respectively ; 3 in this study, genetic diversity in a. polytricha was higher than that in a. auricula : 4 in this study, a. fuscosuccinea had a higher homology to a. auricula than to a. polytricha ; 5 morphological characteristics validated the results from eric - pcr and provided a potential explanation for the higher similarity coefficient between a. auricular and a. fuscosuccinea ; 6 southern hybridization was employed by choosing a strain from a. auricula as a probe which hybridized with a. auricula and a. fuscosuccinea except a. polytricha, further confirming the veracity of the results from eric - pcr ; 7 in this study, isozyme analysis could not cluster the 7 strains from three auricularia species to different groups efficiently ; 8 2 strains from two auricularia species revealed high conservative degree and the restriction fragment patterns by 4 kinds of restricted enzymes showed no diversity

    本研究中，木耳屬2個種的2個菌株在its區域表現出較高的保守性， 4種限制型內切酶的酶切圖譜沒有顯示出多態性；增加內切酶種類及供試菌株數量，有可能獲得具有多態性的限制性內切酶酶切圖譜； 9本實驗中， its區域的真菌特異性引物與真核生物通用引物對于擴增效果無較大差異，擴增片段長度均為650bp左右； 10根據形態學實驗、 eric - pcr實驗以及southern雜交實驗的結果分析，紫木木耳屬種質資源的遺傳鑒定和遺傳多樣性評價耳極有可能是毛木耳種的一個變種; n .本研究中所用的gutc法是一種適用於木耳屬菌株基因組洲a快速提取的方法; 12 .傳統的形態學分類法和現代的分子生物學分類法，兩者的關系是相輔相成，互為驗證
  3. The protein nucleic acid complexes were identified by autoradiography for 48 h. the psg5heo and igfbp - 6 promoter pcat vectors were transfected into cos - 7 cells with iipofectamin2000 ; these cos - 7 cells where treated with 1 jxm e2, with lonm tcdd and with both lonm tcdd and 1 jxm e2, individually ; the cat protein was examined by cat - els a. results : the congenital skeletal defects in fetal rats were induced with 10 - 15ug / kg tcdd or with 100 - 140 mg / kg ra with dosage - dependence effect. the igfbp - 6 mrna in rat calvaria tissue and mc - 3t3 - el cells were increased with tcdd and ( or ) ra, whereas the cell proliferation and igf - 2 mrna in mc - 3t3 - el cells was decreased in the status of e2

    結果: tcdd在大鼠胚胎發育時期具有骨骼致畸作用，骨骼發育畸形包括:內翻足、脊柱裂、顱面骨發育缺陷、無尾畸形等;隨著tcdd濃度的升高（ 10一15林擴kg ） ，致畸率明顯上升（ 14 . 7 %一24 . 6 % ） ; tcdd和ra聯合用藥可以增強對大鼠骨骼發育的致畸效應; e :對成骨細胞內igf一2基因有正性調節作用，對igfbp一6基因有負性調節作用， tcdd可以抑制e :對細胞內xgf一2和igfbp一6的調節作用。
  4. In recent years, the water - saving and control irrigation technique of rice has diverted from plot experimental and demonstration to lare scale. and has got remarkable economic and social benefits. amed at the characteristics of this irrigation area, optimal selection for water - saving techniques of rice, deciding the amout of leaching water and irrigation modles, investigating the adaptability of the water - saving and control irrigation technique in saline land. studying the increase in production mechanism of the technique are important to extend the technique, to better and develop saline land as well as slick spots. according to the results of field experiments, optimization study was conducted on the water - saving irrigation technique of rice in saline land, the effects of different water - saving irrigation techniques on the physiological indexes and yield of rice were systematically analyzed. by using mutiplepurpose fuzzy optimization method, better. water - saving irrigation technique was selector out, that is. the control irrigation technique in rice. the mechanism of it was analyzed from the aspect of the physiological and ecological saving water of rice to provide the implemental process and technical point ; throgh the quantitive analysis and comparision on control irrigation and control class ( flood irrigation ), high production and quality mechanism of the technique was analyzed in terms of physiology indexes of rice, the variation of soil moisture, the pest resistance and the lodge resistance, the change of soil temperature in paddy fields. the yield constitutive factors, the quality of rice and so on. in saline land. control irrigation and intermittent leaching modles were adopted to validate the adaptability of the technique in irrigation of rice in saline land, to analyze rice ' s physiological - ecological indexes and the change of soil salt content under the conditions of control irrigation leaching of rice and and to provide control irrigation and combined modle of intermittent leaching to adapt to different conditions

    本文從試驗及試驗資料入手，取得以下主要成果和結論：對鹽堿地水稻節水灌溉技術進行優化研究，系統地分析了不同節水灌溉技術對水稻生理指標及產量的影響，採用了多目標模糊優化的方法，對灌水技術進行綜合評判，優選了節水灌溉技術，論證該地區宜採用水稻控制灌溉技術；闡述控灌技術通過調節和控制水稻的需水規律，降低水稻高產情況下的無效水量消耗，從水稻生理、生態節水兩方面分析了控灌技術節水機理，針對性地總結出水稻各生育期實施節水控灌技術的步驟及技術要點；通過控灌與淹灌的定量對照比較，從根系、莖蘗、冠層葉片及綠葉動態到株高，土壤水分變化，抗病蟲害、抗倒伏能力，稻田土溫變化，產量構成因素及稻米品質等諸多方面進行動態比較，分析控灌技術高產優質機理；在鹽堿稻地採用控制灌溉+間歇淋洗模式，跟蹤測試田間水鹽變化狀況，驗證控制灌溉技術在鹽堿地區水稻灌溉中應用的適應性，通過分析水稻控制灌溉淋洗條件下水稻生理生態指標，提出優化控制灌溉+間歇淋洗組合模式，為進一步在高礦化度地區試驗水稻控灌技術奠定基礎。
  5. Index analysis on comprehensive judgement of drought resistance ability of white poplar hybrid clones

    氮素高效基因型杉木無性系的選擇研究
  6. Frozen fresh specimens are used in page and pure ethanol humid preparations are used in cyt b gene 433bp sequence analysis

    細胞色素b基因序列研究採用無水乙醇浸制標本。對擴增效果好的產物進行提純和測序。
  7. However, a small minority of angiosperms that perform apomixsis can overcome the effect of genomic imprinting to normally develop its endosperms without fertilization or with false fertilization

    然而極少數進行無融合生殖的被子植物，它們的胚乳可以在假受精或不受精的情況下克服基因組印記效應的影響且正常發育。
  8. It ' s unable to estimate the dispersion effects. in this paper, we consider a model of heterscedasticity, and present a new algorithm on the basis of hamada and wu ( 1991 ) ' s iterated algorithm on estimation of location effects, combining brenneman and nair ( 2001 ) ' s mh method on estimation of dispersion effects. this algorithm of model selection and simutanious estimation of location and dispersion effects analyze unreplicated factorial experiments with censored data

    本文考慮試驗點是異方差的模型，在hamada和wu （ 1991 ）位置效應分析方法的基礎上，將brenneman和nair （ 2001 ）散度效應分析的mh方法融入其中，對帶有截尾數據的無重復因子試驗給出了模型選擇以及同時估計位置效應和散度效應的迭代演算法，改進了hamada和wu的方法。
  9. A c a2 + / calmo dul in - dep endent pro te in kinas e i i ( c amkii ) antagoni st kn - 6 2 ( 5x l0 - ' mol / l ) presented in the intemal solution had no significan effect on the current peaks induced by extracellular nmda ( l0 # mol / l ), but prevented the inhibitory effect of b on inmda " these results indicate that gcs have rapid, reversible idebitory effects on lnmda intracellular application of b thiough microelectrode had no effect on inmda, howevet, extracellular application of b or b - bsa suppressed peaks of inmda : all these denote b exerts its influence on nmda receptor by cytoplasm membrane mechansms, which is naxnely rapid, nongenomic mechhasms

    加有快速、可逆的。非濃度依賴性抑制作用。通過微電極將b直接導入細胞內， inmda不受影響，而胞外給予b或besa ， inmda減小，提示b對nmda受體的調控通過膜機制產生，這種作用與經典的基因組機制不同；因為廣譜激酶抑制劑和特異的pka抑制劑均可翻轉b的抑制效應， camk11抑制劑也可阻斷b的效應，而這些激酶抑制劑本身對inmda即有強烈的抑制作用： pka激動劑本身對inmda無明顯作用，也不影響b對l 。
  10. The high - enzyme activity has 2 base changes, resulting in long amino acid sequence with native amylase. this inducing method resolved the problem of non - effective induction as in base analogue induction. and the method we used provide a new measure for this kind of work

    高酶活編碼區位點突變導致c -端序列變化和終止子的后移本誘變方法克服了用堿基類似物在體內誘變由於核酸復制酶等的校正作用而造成誘變無效的難題，為基因的誘變找到了一條新途經。
  11. When both genes were co - expressed in e. coli, the activity of ppsa varied from 2. 1 - 9. 1 fold comparing to control, but the activity of tkta was relatively stable ( 3. 9 - 4. 5 fold ). whatever the two genes were expressed respectively or cooperatively, both could promote the production of dahp, the first intermediate of the common aromatic pathway, but co - expression was more effective on forming dahp and screened ppt - and ptp - as more effective. the results demonstrate that co - expression of ppsa and tkta can improve the production of dahp, and what ' s more, when multigenes co - expressed, the recombinant which has coordinated enzymes activity is optimum

    莽草酸途徑的最優化和整體調控基因csra的敲除正是上述改變的分子基礎，同時也為三種芳香族氨基酸的基因工程菌的構建打下了基礎; 7 .在國內外首次實現了共同途徑限制性底物關鍵酶ppsa刁無『及arog與分支途徑關鍵酶基因phea的串聯高效表達，所構建的重組質粒ptga ，其ppsa 、 tkta 、 arog 、 cm和pd的酶活分別比對照提高了3 、 2 、 2 ， 5 、 4 、 2 . 3倍，且其酶活比較協調一致; 8 .將ptga導入到篩選的基因敲除和基因替換菌株大腸桿菌31884 c甲b中，搖瓶發酵證實比以往所構建的基因工程菌株具有較高的phe產量和糖轉化率率，分別為0 . 448 %和22 . 4 % 。
  12. For in christ jesus neither circumcision avails anything nor uncircumcision, but faith avails, operating through love

    6因為在基督耶穌里，受割禮不受割禮，全無效力；惟獨藉著愛運行的信，才有效力。
  13. Gal. 5 : 6 for in christ jesus neither circumcision avails anything nor uncircumcision, but faith avails, operating through love

    加五6因為在基督耶穌里，受割禮不受割禮，全無效力；唯獨藉著愛運行的信，才有效力。
  14. The imf also recommended, as a matter of priority, appropriate legislation should be introduced to ensure finality of settlement and to provide undoubted support to netting systems, warning that the uncertainty of unwinding of transactions under insolvency law could undermine the fundamental concept of payment finality

    基金組織亦建議香港應優先考慮引入適當法例，以確保結算的最終性及為凈額結算系統提供堅定的支持，並警告在破產法例下交易可被視作無效所造成的不明朗因素，可能會影響支付的最終性的基本概念。
  15. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  16. These results suggest that cftr in sperm may be involved in the transport of hco3 - important for sperm capacitation and that cftr mutations with impaired cftr function may lead to reduced sperm fertilizing capacity and male infertility other than cbavd

    研究結果顯示，精子的cftr功能為碳酸氫根的傳輸，促使精子獲能；而cftr基因突變引致功能失效，會降低精子授精能力，這是先天性無輸精管以外另一導致男性不育的可能因素。
  17. Professor anthony chan, director of the hong kong cancer institute and chairman of the department of clinical oncology at the chinese university of hong kong, and professor qian tao, head of the cancer epigenetics and tumour virology laboratory in the sir yk pao centre for cancer, have successfully demonstrated for the first time in a group of npc patients who have failed standard therapies, that demethylation of the ebv genome can be achieved using azacytidine, a study published in the journal of clinical oncology with a leading editorial describing the work as " a model for future trials in solid tumors "

    香港中文大學腫瘤學繫系主任兼香港癌癥研究所總監陳德章教授及腫瘤學系副教授陶謙教授，最近首次成功地在一組常規治療已經無效的鼻咽癌患者身上，利用氮胞? （ azacytidine ）達致eb病毒基因的去甲基化，有關研究報告發表在《臨床腫瘤學報》上，而該期的一篇社論更形容是項研究是將來腫瘤臨床試驗的典範。
  18. In the chapter 2, on the basis of combining the development practice of loan security, the article analyzes the main problems existing along the development of loan security in china : vain security, unsatisfied security, fault security. it also gives deep exposition to the concrete manifestation of these problems and identifies there are much contradiction between the law theory and financial practice. in the chapter 3, through analyzing the problems existing in loan security, the writer thinks what is necessary for china to develop loan security is to change and improve legal protection system for loan security and suggests some solutions to the existing problems : a ) to change and improve the law system

    在結合商業銀行貸款擔保的發展實踐的基礎上，分析了目前中國商業銀行貸款擔保發展存在的瑕疵：無效擔保、擔保落空、虛假擔保；深入的論述了這些問題的具體表現；剖析了產生這些問題的法律原因和社會原因，認為就商業銀行貸款擔保法律制度本身來看，無論從法律法規制定的技術水平，還是從法律法規本身反映的金融法律實踐的要求，都不能滿足我們今天的發展要求；而且長期的計劃經濟的金融體制下所形成的制度和觀念與滲透著法治精神的現代金融體制也存在著很多不相包容的地方。
  19. Among all the microsatellite loci, 46. 7 % of the loci and 11. 7 % of the alleles were null alleles. separate genetic linkage maps were constructed for the female and male parents

    微衛星位點中有大量的無效等位基因（ nullallele ） ，占所有位點的46 . 7 % ，是所有等位基因的11 . 7 % 。
  20. The benefit analysis of corporate diversification gives birth to a new research field of internal capital market ( icm ), but as to the efficiency of diversification, most empirical studies show that investments of diversification are low efficient or non - efficient, which provides a direct basis for the reconstruction of the icm theory

    摘要內部資本市場研究起源於多元化的價值歸因研究，但就多元化的投資有效性而言，基於內部資本市場視角的實證研究絕大多數結論是「多元化投資無效率」 。
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