熱函變化 的英文怎麼說

Analyzing the physics structure of vorticity, divergence, vertical velocity, frontogenesis " function, apparent heat source and apparent moist sink etc. indicated the physics fields are favorable for the occurance of the heavy rain over changjiang - huaihe river basin where the physics values are well according to the heavy rainstorm positions ; the low level jet is closely subject to the moisture and the coupled system of the low and the upper level jetstreams induced the strongly " ascending motion ; the intensity of the frontogenesis varies with the development of the rainfall system and reacts the rainfall intensity

主要分析了這次過程中的多種物理量，包括渦度、散度、垂直速度、鋒生函數、視熱源、視水汽匯等，對這一暴雨過程有了比較系統的認識。結果表明：在江淮流域存在著有利於發生暴雨的物理量場配置，渦度、散度、垂直速度等物理量，與暴雨的落區都很吻合的；低空急流的產生不僅有利於水汽的輸送，而且高低空急流的耦合造成了有利於強上升運動的配置；鋒生強度隨著降水系統的發展變化，並影響降水強度。

Then the structure unit of hexangular lattice is found according to the principle of invariable symmetry. renormalization transformation is processed when we regard the structure unit and the growth model as graphs before and after transformation respectively. after choosing the 11 thermodynamic function fugacity as parameter, we can write out the partition functions before and after transformation and the formula of renormalization transformation

然後根據對稱性不變的原則，從整體晶格中選取結構單元，把結構單元和生長模型分別作為重整化變換前、后的圖形來進行重整化變換，選取熱力學函數易逸度為參量，寫出了重整化變換前後的配分函數和重整化變換關系式，求出了這一變換的不動點。

Second, we discuss the influence of environmental referance potential temperture and thermal wind on mesoscale symmetric instability. we find the expression of disturbance stream function and criterion of symmetric instability by analytical method and conclude that change caused by environmental referance potential temperture with height and thermal wind make critical richardson number and disturbance critical half - wave length of symmetric instability larger, that is to say, they benefit the occurance of symmetric instability. third, we study nonlinear perturbation analysis of mesoscale vertical circulation and evolution equation by means of f - plane. non - hydrostatic balance and filiter model

第二，討論了環境位溫與熱成風因子對中尺度對稱不穩定的影響。運用解析的方法求出了擾動流函數的表達式和對稱不穩定的判據，發現環境參考位溫隨高度的變化與熱成風因子使得對稱不穩定臨界理查遜數及擾動的臨界半波長都變大，這有利於對稱不穩定的發生。第三，採用f平面、非靜力平衡、濾聲波模式，討論了中尺度垂直環流非線性攝動分析及演變方程。

It is found that in the absence of dissipation and average photon number of the reservoir the linear entropies of the atom and the field varies with time periodically, going to zero at the disentanglement times, and the period is the same as that of bell function and the linear entropy of the total system is zero at any time. if the cavity dissipation and the average photon number of the reservoir is taken into account, the linear entropies of the atom and the field present local maxima and minima and the difference between them diminishes with time, tending to asymptotic values

結果表明，在忽略腔損耗和熱庫的平均光子數時，原子和場的線性熵有周期性的變化，在沒有糾纏的時刻，值為0 ，此時的周期與bell函數相同，而系統的線性熵在任何時刻都為0 ；如果考慮到腔場的損耗和熱庫的平均光子數，原子和場的線性熵有局部的最大值和最小值，它們之間的差距隨時間逐漸減小，趨向一個漸進值。

The chosen controlled parameter must be single function of extraventricular temperature because extraventricular temperature affect immediately radiator ' s emitting heat, heat net supplying heat and user ' s heat load. but the sometime chosen controlled parameters all are ' t extraventricular temperature ' s single function

室外溫度的變化直接影響用戶熱負荷、散熱器散熱量、熱網供熱量的大小，所以選擇的被控參數應與室外溫度有單值函數關系，而以往所選的被控參數與室外溫度之間都不是單值函數關系。

Recently, a great progress has been made in aerodynamic optimization design technologies based on computational fluid dynamics. the control theory approach advocated by antony jameson is the typical methodology among them. its major advantage is that the computation of the sensitivity derivatives of cost function with respect to design variables is nearly independent of the number of design variables, which greatly saves the computational cost

近年來，計算流體力學（ cfd ）設計技術得到較大發展，其中最有代表性方法是jameson發展的基於控制理論（伴隨方法）的氣動優化設計技術，其顯著優點是目標函數對設計變量的梯度計算幾乎與設計變量數目無關，從而大量節省了計算費用，並成為當前cfd領域的研究熱點。

For the optimization function of hrsg, the cool costs is considered as the objective function and the variables are the number of row, the number of tube per row, the horizontal distance and vertical distance between tubes of the evaporator and the economizer

建立了以bchp系統的冷量成本為目標函數，以余熱鍋爐排煙溫度、蒸發器和省煤器中螺旋翅片管管排數、每排管數、管束橫向節距和管束縱向節距為決策變量的余熱鍋爐優化模型。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

Firstly, wall ’ s transfer matrix is deduced by laplace transformation based on 3r2c thermal network model. secondly, frequency response of transfer matrix is calculated. thirdly, we make the frequency response of transfer matrix of stimulation model equate the theoretical frequency response of wall transient heat conduction by applying appropriate identification algorithm, from which we can obtain every polynomial ’ s coefficient of model transfer function, then each parameter of resistance and capacitance is calculated by appropriate optimization algorithm

首先，根據模擬熱流網路模型用拉普拉斯變換推出墻體的傳遞矩陣;然後，計算傳遞矩陣的頻率響應;最後，採用頻域回歸方法求出模型傳遞函數各次項的系數，進而通過一定的優化演算法確定模型的各個熱阻、熱容參數，使通過模型建立的多項式s -傳遞函數與墻體瞬時傳熱的理論超越s -傳遞函數完全等價。

In the article, the mechanism of temperature field has been researched and the math model of 3d unsteady temperature field is established according to analyze the cracking reason, produce mechanism of temperature crack, the specialty of crack in mass concrete. the thermal conduction equations are converted into extremum of functional analysis through calculas of variations

本文通過對大體積混凝土裂縫的成因，溫度裂縫的產生機理，溫度裂縫的特點，研究了大體積混凝土溫度場機理，建立了數學模型，並用變分原理將三維瞬態溫度場的熱傳導方程問題轉化為泛函的極小值問題。

Based on the test data, and by using the distillerys grain drying curve and drying - rate curve, this paper analysed the distillerys grain drying process, and demonstrated the characteristics of the drying and the change of drying - rate of the distillerys grain in heat - air penetrating bed

根據試驗所測數據，利用三次樣條插值函數擬合酒精糟乾燥曲線和乾燥速度曲線，深入分析酒精糟的乾燥過程，得出酒精糟在熱風穿床乾燥方式下的乾燥特點和乾燥速度的變化規律。