燃料的預熱 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [ránliàodeyùrè]
燃料的預熱
英文
preheating of fuel-
From simulations and data of fire site, most air preheater fire often appear when boiler is started in cool state and standby which fuels of insufficient combustion coagulate and congregate on the parts of air preheater. when the temperature of smoke inpouring air preheater increases, aggregate fuels and sediments will combust in stated temperature conditions. it is called the second combustion of air preheater
這些起火起因於燃料油的不充分燃燒，其結果是未充分燃燒的燃料油凝結和聚集在空氣預熱器的部件上，當進入空氣預器的煙氣溫度增高時，沉積的燃料油被烘烤，當達到一定溫度條件時，則可點燃這些燃料油污沉積物，造成火災發生，這通常被稱為空氣預熱器的二次燃燒。According to fuel and and operation condition in chongqing iron and steel group corporation, many kinds of advanced technologies are adopted, such as closed loop soft water circulation cooling, copper cooling stave, bell - less top with central charging hopper, carbon bricks combined furnace bottom with ceramic cup, russia top burner type hot air stove, duplex preheating of hot air stove, and nut coke charging
摘要根據重鋼高爐的原燃料條件和操作條件，設計了重鋼四高爐擴容性易地大修工程，採用了全軟水密閉循環冷卻、銅冷卻壁、串罐式無料鐘爐頂、炭磚陶瓷杯復合爐缸、俄羅斯「卡魯金」頂燃式熱風爐、熱風爐雙預熱、焦丁入爐等先進技術。The second chapter studies the economy of ship ' s power plants, based on the aspects of lowering fuel cost, waste heat recovery, the match of ship, machinery and propeller, increasing propulsion efficiency, increasing the economy of ship ' s power plants, etc. the third chapter discusses in detail the control measures of voyage change cost, analysizes systematically the voyage change cost based on the way of fuel cost, harbor cost, voyage venture cost. the fourth chapter studies the structures and control measures of seafarers cost, maintenance cost, spare parts and stores cost, lubricating oil cost, etc. which are relatively easy to be controlled ; based on the state maintenance decision - making, a mathematical model is put forward, the validity and its solve process are discussed. the control measures of spare parts, fuel cost and lubricating oil cost should be based on scientific budget, through the control means of application, reception, usage, store check, try to acquire the inosculation of theory
第一章主要討論營運船舶運輸成本，對船舶運輸成本的概念、結構、性質與分攤、成本細分進行了分析，從宏觀上闡明了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第二章研究了船舶動力裝置的經濟性，在營運船舶降低油耗、廢熱利用、船機槳匹配、提高推進效率、提高船舶動力裝置經濟性的有效途徑等方面進行了闡述和論證；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，全面系統地分析和總結了航次變動成本，通過對燃油成本、港口使費、航次風險成本的分析與控制，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用控制、維修保養及其費用控制、船舶備件物料管理及其費用控制等幾個主要可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相互的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的馬爾可夫數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、燃潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章，結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討，旨在揭示成本發生的動因，並給出了成本預算、核算的編制方法。Anyhow the slagging is formed in the combustion process, the slagging is closely related to and cannot be separated from the process of combustion. here the paper is composed of two sections. the first part concerning the improvement of numerical modeling to the combustion process, the other section is to build the mathematical modeling of fuzzy comprehensive judgment of slagging and to predicate the distribution of slagging on the heated surface on the basis of numerical modeling and by utilizing theory of fuzzy mathematics
但歸根結底，結渣是在燃燒過程中形成的，灰渣的形成和沉積與燃料的燃燒過程密不可分，因而本論文由兩大部分組成，一部分為改進和完善燃燒過程數值模擬，另一部分是在燃燒過程模擬的基礎上，利用模糊數學理論，建立結渣的綜合模糊評判數學模型，預報受熱面上結渣的分佈情況。These critical factors have been given particular attention in the subsequent development and design of this kiln type, while maintaining the unique features of pfr - kiln principles, i. e. the parallel flow of material and combustion gases in the burning zone and the regenerative preheating of combustion air
內部形狀這些關鍵因素已經在這種窯型后來的發展和設計上被特別給予關注，同時保留併流蓄熱的窯型的原理，例如燃燒帶的原料和燃燒氣體的併流和助燃空氣的再預熱。This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。Abstract : the in servie tubular heaters built early in refineries and chemical plans have low thermal load and low heat efficiency, therefore measures for technical reform are offered, including ( 1 ) enlarging the surface area of convection tubes to increase the thermal load of rhe convection section ; ( 2 ) increasign the heat interchanging area of radiant tubes ; ( 3 ) changing the height of the chimney ; ( 4 ) using new burner with forced air supply to increase calorific capacityu ; ( 5 ) adding air preheater between the convection section and chimney to enhence the temperature of the air entering the furnace ; ( 6 ) adopting high temperature radiant coating to improve the effect of radiant heat interchanging
文摘:針對早期建造的煉油廠和化工廠在役管式加熱爐熱負荷和熱效率低的狀況，提出了若干技術改造措施包括，增大對流管表面積以增大對流段的熱負荷；增加輻射管的換熱面積；修正煙囪高度；換用新型燃燒器，變自然通風為強制供風，以增大燃燒器的發熱量，減小過剩空氣系數，節省燃料2 % 3 % ；在對流段和煙囪之間增設空氣預熱器以提高空氣入爐溫度；採用高溫輻射塗料增強輻射換熱效果，從而增加熱源對爐壁的輻射傳熱量和爐管的傳熱量等。The in servie tubular heaters built early in refineries and chemical plans have low thermal load and low heat efficiency, therefore measures for technical reform are offered, including ( 1 ) enlarging the surface area of convection tubes to increase the thermal load of rhe convection section ; ( 2 ) increasign the heat interchanging area of radiant tubes ; ( 3 ) changing the height of the chimney ; ( 4 ) using new burner with forced air supply to increase calorific capacityu ; ( 5 ) adding air preheater between the convection section and chimney to enhence the temperature of the air entering the furnace ; ( 6 ) adopting high temperature radiant coating to improve the effect of radiant heat interchanging
針對早期建造的煉油廠和化工廠在役管式加熱爐熱負荷和熱效率低的狀況，提出了若干技術改造措施包括，增大對流管表面積以增大對流段的熱負荷；增加輻射管的換熱面積；修正煙囪高度；換用新型燃燒器，變自然通風為強制供風，以增大燃燒器的發熱量，減小過剩空氣系數，節省燃料2 % 3 % ；在對流段和煙囪之間增設空氣預熱器以提高空氣入爐溫度；採用高溫輻射塗料增強輻射換熱效果，從而增加熱源對爐壁的輻射傳熱量和爐管的傳熱量等。This hot blast stove has following features : the highest temperature of flue gas in general flue reaches 600 ; the air and gas are preheated to 300 ; the hot blast temperature is over 1200 ; the flue gas temperature is below 180
使用該熱風爐后所取得的效果是：總煙道內綜合排煙溫度可達600 ；可將空氣、煤氣預熱到300 ；以單一高爐煤氣為燃料時，熱風溫度可達1200以上；煙氣經過空氣、煤氣換熱器后溫度低於180 。In this article, constituting some the equations which reflect the flow law and building and applying many mathematical models of physical and chemical reactions in the the plasma ignition : applying k - two equations turbulence model to calculate the turbulence parameter supplying simplied reaction systerm model and applying eddy break - up model and p - i thermal radiation model. with these reasonable simplied modles, numerically simulating the flow field in the plasma ignition. during the numerical simulation, applying the body - fitted coordinates for the complex geometry of the computional field ; using the mixing format to disperse the equations ; applying simplec algorithm method to solve the equations ; using above models and methods, it can get flow field distribution ; including temperature, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate, turbulent viscosity, velocity, density. these results are significant to design and improve the plasma ignition
本文旨在通過構造反映等離子點火器內部流動規律的基本方程組，建立描述等離子點火器內部的復雜物理化學過程機制數學模型：模擬等離子發生器內部燃燒的-雙方程湍流流動模型；模擬氣體燃料在燃燒時中化學反應的簡單化學反應系統模型；模擬等離子點火器內部湍流預混燃燒的漩渦破碎模型；模擬等離子點火器高溫燃氣及其壁面的p - i輻射換熱的模型等等，對模型進行一定的合理的簡化，然後數值模擬等離子點火器內部流場的流動。According to the difference of the using characters of buildings, the heating system is divided into two categories, the continuous heating system and the intermittent heating system. to the intermittent heating system, it is essential to estimate accurately the preheat time. overestimation of preheat will cause unnecessary energy wastage whilst underestimation will lead to a loss of comfort conditions at the start of occupancy
對預熱時間過分的估計（即tp的估計值大於實際值）會使在工作期未到來前房間的溫度已經達到了舒適溫度，這將導致燃料的浪費；反之，對預熱時間估計不足（即tp的估計值小於實際值）將使在工作期到來時房間的溫度還未達到舒適溫度，這使人覺得不舒適。It is very important problem how to detect aggregate fuels and sediments temperature on air preheater parts surface effectively in order to prevent air preheater from fire
如何有效地檢測空氣預熱器表面的燃料油污沉積物的溫度，是防止空氣預熱器表面起火所必須考慮的問題。The regulator holds a constant air - fuel ratio from cold start - up through hot air operation
調節閥能夠保證從冷啟動到預熱空氣一直保持恆定的空氣-燃料比例。Finding out a novel combustion process of petrol fuel and alternative fuels with higher heat efficiency and lower pollutant emissions than conventional engines has become one impending issue confronted to the engine researchers
在一臺由ca6110柴油機改造而成的單缸試驗機上，自主開發了進氣預熱系統、電控燃料噴射系統、廢氣再循環（ egr ）系統及數據採集系統。分享友人