營業間接成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yíngyèjiānjiēchéngběn]
營業間接成本 英文
overhead costs
  • 營 : Ⅰ動詞1 （謀求） seek 2 （經營; 管理） operate; run; manage Ⅱ名詞1 （軍隊駐扎的地方） camp; barrac...
  • 業 : Ⅰ名詞1 （行業） line of business; trade; industry 2 （職業） occupation; profession; employment; ...
  • 間 : 間Ⅰ名詞1 （中間） between; among 2 （一定的空間或時間里） with a definite time or space 3 （一間...
  • 接 : Ⅰ動詞1 （靠近;接觸） come into contact with; come close to 2 （連接; 使連接） connect; join; put ...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 營業 : do business
  • 間接 : indirect; secondhand
  1. This traditional building method has many shortcomings : dissever factitiously some process and nobody is responsible for connection sections, many works distributed by different departments lose managing and controlling, and many overhead costs become virtual un - control cost ; confirming the overall budget management emphases through lifecycle method, it ' s unfit for enterprise group which deals in different fields, because these deals in different fields can effect each other, and make it ' s hard to distinguish the enterprise group ' s lifecycle

    這種傳統的構建方法有許多不足之處，如：將一些作業或流程人為地割裂開來，使得它們的介面部位無人負責，眾多分佈於不同部門卻相互聯系的作業因此失去管理和控制，與此相關的眾多原本可控的間接成本因此而成為事實上的不可控成本；通過生命周期法確定企業預算管理的重點，對于多元化經營的企業集團，由於各個產業之間的互動關系，往往有生命周期淡化的特點，這種方法就顯得不是十分適宜。
  2. In this article, firstly the background of the textile trade conflicts within sino - us or sino - euro are introduced, thus learn that how to discern and dodge the foreign trade risks, how to choose the appropriate investment projects have already become one of the most important questions for exporting companies on foreign trade affairs well - known as high investment and high risk. so the main text makes a risk analysis qualitatively and quantitatively on a textile - exporting trading company from three angles of statistic 、 game theory and portfolio theory, which is the main content that we studied. firstly, the statistic article adopts data of the transaction closing price of the textile clothing index in shenzhen stock exchange at the end of each quarter as well as several other kinds of data reflecting the macro - economic changes, performs an empirical analysis of these data according to the theory of co - integration test 、 granger cause test and impulse response function of time series in economitric, and learn that the impact to ti is more obvious by the economic index reflecting local commodity price level and economic prosperity degree home and abroad, as well as the impact degree and the time lag degree, and knows the macro - economic risks faced by textile business enterprises ; after that by the game theory angle we analyze exactly the managing risks faced by one textile export corporation named beauty. from the game expansion chart the system arrangement between censor ways by exportation goal countries and exporting strategies by the exporting enterprises has been analyzed. involving the benefit assignment between them both the limited rounds and infinite rounds negotiations of cooperation games have been studied, and then country responsibility and the enterprise managing risks on foreign trade affairs and so on have been analyzed exactly ; in order to realize the investment multiplication in the certain degree to disperse the risk, the

    本文首先介紹了中美、中歐紡織品貿易爭端的來龍去脈，由此可知在涉外貿易這種以高投入、高風險著稱的行業里，如何甄別和規避外貿風險、如何選擇合適的投資項目已經成為外貿企業的首要問題。因此，正文分別從統計學、博弈論和投資組合三種角度對涉外紡織品貿易公司風險進行了定性和定量的分析，這也是本文的主要研究內容。首先，統計學篇選取了深圳證券交易所行業分類指數?紡織服裝指數（ ti ）每一季度末的交易收盤價和若干種反映宏觀經濟變化的指標，利用計量經濟學中時間序列的協整檢驗、 granger因果檢驗和脈沖反應函數等理論做實證分析，從而得知反映國內物價水平和國內外經濟景氣程度的經濟指標對紡織板塊上市值的沖擊比較明顯，且可知沖擊程度和時滯度，進而分析出涉外紡織企業所面臨的宏觀經濟風險;接著，從博弈論的角度具體分析一家紡織品出口公司（ beauty ）的外貿活動所面臨的各種經營風險，該篇從博弈擴展圖入手，分析了出口目的國審查方式與本企業出口策略之間的制度安排;並圍繞雙方的利益分配，研究了有限回合和無限回合合作談判博弈，然後具體論述了國家責任和企業涉外經營風險等問題;在一定程度上為了實現投資多元化來分散風險的目的，投資組合篇從經典的markowitz模型著手，在一些特定條件的限制下，給出了一個相應的投資組合模型。
  3. It has dual influences on all the parties of trade, which will provide direct or indirect protection for a special industry by raising the costs of production and operation of competitors, and finally influences the promotion of their competitiveness and the selection of the industry

    兩者的契合形成了以技術專利化專利標準化標準壟斷化為核心的、新的貿易壁壘形式，對貿易各方產生雙重影響，即政策對供給要素的影響能夠直接或間接地在保護特定產業的基礎上，提高競爭廠商的生產和經營成本，影響其競爭力的提高和產業的選擇方向。
  4. Different operators are at the almost same technology level because their upriver enterprises such as equipment vendor, icp, software provider and counselor are the same. after the price war round by round, service price is more and more close to its cost, even below its cost, so it is impossible for the price to go down

    由於電信運營企業的上游企業即設備商、內容商、軟體和咨詢商幾乎相同，技術水平難有本質差別；加之一輪又一輪的價格大戰，企業產品價格逐漸接近成本甚至低於成本，價格進一步競爭空間已經近乎于零。
  5. On the basis of primary analysis in economic theory of the reasons of shanxi merchants taking credit widely in business, the thesis using game theory which is a new method does some careful research. then it spreads out further to analyze the mechanism from idea and moral, the administrative measures and property right restrain. because of the excessive loan, especially the credit prombles of qing government " s, shanxi merchants declined rapidly. modem enterprises are a link in historic chains and their credit and development have the same causes and effects as shanxi merchants. the research into the success and failure of shanxi merchants has great practical significance and it can provide some beneficial enlightenments for the development of enterprises today

    本文在運用經濟學理論對晉商在經營中廣泛採用信用的原因進行初步分析的基礎上，運用博弈論這一較新方法對其進行了細致的研究，進而從理念道德、管理措施和產權約束三個方面對其生成機制展開了深入探討。由於後期放貸過大等原因，尤其是清政府信用中的一系列問題，對晉商的衰敗起了推波助瀾的作用。現代企業是焊接在陳陳相因的歷史鏈條下的一環，其信用與發展之間有著與晉商基本相同的因果關系。
  6. The chapter 1 of this text make brief introduction of medium and small sized enterprises developping condition in our country, combining to analysis financing predicament of medium and small sized enterprises, point expatiate the problem of medium and small sized enterprises in our country, main proceeds with two aspects of direct financing and indirect financing elucidation : the mortgage guarantee loan to medium and small sized enterprises procedure complicacy, limit numerous, financing institution business operating of mechanism system restrict the credit input to the medium and small sized enterprises ; the medium and small sized enterprises lack the channel and place to < wp = 7 > proceeding ownership of a share in direct financing, lack bond financing credit, did not become the diverse capital market and so forth of a series of problem

    本文第一章對我國中小企業發展狀況作了簡單介紹，並對我國中小企業融資困境進行了分析，重點闡述了我國中小企業融資中存在的問題，主要從間接融資和直接融資兩個方面進行說明：中小企業抵押擔保貸款程序復雜，限制繁多，金融機構商業化的經營機制制約了對中小企業的信貸投入；中小企業在直接融資中缺乏進行股權融資的渠道和場所，債券融資資信不足，未形成多樣化的資本市場等一系列問題。 < wp = 5 >本文第二章說明我國中小企業可以吸取國外的先進經驗，採取融資租賃的方式緩解中小企業融資難的問題。
  7. In the fourth chapter, we studied the effect of telecom regulation to telecom enterprise with a mathematics model. several conclusions, which can benefits to setting up regulation policy, had been demonstrated by analyzing the following aspects : decision of service price, relationship between regulation policy and cost of networking and popular service opportunity and its compensation

    第四章，運用數學模型探討電信管制對運營企業的經濟影響，主要從電信資費的確定，管制政策與網間接入成本的相互關系以及普遍服務機會及其補償三個方面進行分析，得出了一些有益於我們制訂電信管制策略及其對策的結論。
  8. The result shows that, under the condition of perfect competition, if bank ' s costs of providing transaction services for customers are sufficiently small, then a small tax on deposits interest income does not affect the choice of depositors ( or investors ) between deposits and direct investment ; a business tax on bank loan interest income leads to tax incidence, thus raises loan rates and induces entrepreneurs to switch from bank loan to direct financing ; a tax on bank ' s income also raises the loan interest rate, and hence reduces the demand of loans

    研究結果表明，在完全競爭條件下，當銀行為客戶提供的交易服務成本很低時，以較低的稅率對儲蓄利息開征利息所得稅不會影響儲戶（或投資者）在儲蓄和直接投資之間的選擇；對銀行貸款利息收入開征營業稅，則會引起稅收轉嫁，提高貸款利息率，使部分企業選擇直接融資方式而不是從銀行貸款；銀行業所得稅也會提高貸款利率，減少貸款需求量。
  9. In the recent years, various kinds of cars are produced, and the dissimilarities among them are much smaller than before. in order to seek the otherness among the products in the same level, a lot of car dealers begin to take the brand image as the center. they apply the imc ( integrated marketing concept ) to strengthen the contact and communication with customers

    近年來，市面上的汽車種類推陳出新，產品間的差異性愈來愈小，為了在競爭激烈的市場上尋求同級汽車產品的差異化，許多汽車經銷商開始將品牌形象當成企業經營的重心，紛紛應用整合營銷來增強與消費者之間的接觸與溝通，本文研究的是汽車經銷商華錦公司如何應用整合營銷建立公司的品牌核心價值。
  10. Article 17. for the purposes of item ( 2 ) of the first paragraph of article 6 of the tax law, the terms " costs " and " expenses " shall mean all direct expenditures, indirect expenses allocated as costs, as well as marketing expenses, administrative expenses and financial expenses incurred by taxpayers while engaging in production and business, and the term " losses " shall mean all non - operating expenditures incurred by taxpayers in the course of production and business

    第十七條稅法第六條第一款第二項所說的成本、費用，是指納稅人從事生產、經營所發生的各項直接支出和分配計入成本的間接費用以及銷售費用、管理費用、財務費用；所說的損失，是指納稅義務人在生產、經營過程中發生的各項營業外支出。
  11. In fierce competition industry conditions, high debt - to - asset ration means high degree of risk, diversification strategy is not positive connection with risk - avoiding, in the meantime, the writer evaluates the resource and competitiveness of m. c. corporation by means of swot analysis, strategic cost analysis and competitive capabilities analysis. the conclusion is that the chinese shareholders should not receive the share of foreign shareholders and should take liquidation strategy

    案例分析部分採用了定性與定量分析相結合的分析方法，分析了國內當時易拉罐行業的經濟特性，行業競爭態勢及美特公司陷入困境的原因，闡明了在競爭激烈的市場條件下，企業高負債經營意味著高風險，多元化與風險分散之間不存在必然的聯系，同時用swot分析法、戰略成本分析法和競爭評估分析法，分析了美特公司的前景，得出美特公司中方股東不應接受股權轉讓而應採取結業清算的戰略，並提出了戰略實施的具體方案。
  12. Many professionals feel that supervisory bodies, in the name of consumer rights, are constantly pressing for new laws that give them more powers and at the same time shifting the responsibilities to professionals who find themselves defenselessly pressed to the wall at the receiving end. professionals are concerned about these moves as they change the mediatory role of professionals, narrow their scope of societal contribution and indirectly increase the cost of enterprises

    監管機構現正在藉著維護消費者為名，不斷提出新法例以擴張本身權力，同時亦將可負的責任推向無力自衛的專業人士身上，更令專業人士作為中介者的角色轉變，活動空間壓縮，這種亦是間接加重經營者成本的趨勢，令專業人士深感不安。
  13. This assay also analyzed the characteristic of the american produce marketing channel : short channel, few link, high efficiency, centralized habitat market, having developed and high organized middling circulation organizes closely linking up the produce production and marketing and having developed processing and circulation industries. together, it has analyzed the characteristic of japanese produce marketing channel : many channel links, high circulation cost, standardization in channel management, legalize and the agricultural association taking on the link function between the producer and consumer

    本文還分析了美國農產品營銷渠道的特點:渠道短、環節少、效率高，產地市場集中，擁有密切銜接農產品產銷的發達的、高組織化的流通中間組織，產品的加工和流通業發達;分析了日本農產品營銷渠道模式的特點:渠道環節多，流通成本高，渠道管理規范化、法制化，農協擔當著連接生產者和消費者的紐帶作用。
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